SUMMARY PROCESS AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
INHOUDSOPGAVE
Lecture 1 Complex spatial projects: characteristics ...................................................................... 4
The “project mode” ..........................................................................................................................4
Types of CSP’s .................................................................................................................................4
Management characteristics of CSP’s ...............................................................................................4
Complexity and management of SDP’s ..........................................................................................4
Megaprojects, a separate species of CSP’s........................................................................................6
What are megaprojects? ...............................................................................................................6
Cost overrun of megaprojects .......................................................................................................6
Theoretical causes of failures: 4 mechanisms ................................................................................7
Overview: the “failure funnel” ......................................................................................................... 10
Lecture 2: Project management, the bigger picture .......................................................................10
Project management ...................................................................................................................... 11
Projects, programs and portfolio’s .............................................................................................. 11
Project management basics ....................................................................................................... 12
Project management knowledge area’s ....................................................................................... 13
PMI 7th edition: focus on agility ................................................................................................... 13
Lecture 3: Initiating Projects ........................................................................................................16
Why projects are initiated ............................................................................................................... 17
Problem stream ......................................................................................................................... 17
Solution/ opportunity stream ...................................................................................................... 18
Kingdon’s stream model ............................................................................................................. 19
Activities in the initiation phase ....................................................................................................... 19
Policy entrepreneurs ...................................................................................................................... 19
Tools and instruments .................................................................................................................... 20
Lecture 4: Defining the projects ....................................................................................................20
Refining the scope and goals of the project ...................................................................................... 21
Research on alternatives ................................................................................................................ 22
Selecting alternatives ................................................................................................................. 22
Development of project management plan ...................................................................................... 24
Definition phase ............................................................................................................................. 24
Lecture 5: Planning and preparing projects ...................................................................................25
1
, Refinement of project design .......................................................................................................... 26
Preparing implementation of the construction phase ....................................................................... 26
Temporally program & art in public space .................................................................................... 27
Permitting and legal procedures ..................................................................................................... 27
Collaboration and participation ...................................................................................................... 27
Output........................................................................................................................................... 28
Lecture 6: Implementation and Aftercare .....................................................................................28
Preparatory works .......................................................................................................................... 28
Mitigation and communication ........................................................................................................ 28
Aftercare ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Lecture 7: Managing time .............................................................................................................29
Examples ...................................................................................................................................... 30
Define activities ............................................................................................................................. 31
Milestoneplan ............................................................................................................................ 32
Timeline Eilandje, Antwerp .......................................................................................................... 33
Project planning: a mixed approach ............................................................................................ 33
Schedule activities ......................................................................................................................... 34
Dependencies............................................................................................................................ 35
Network diagram ........................................................................................................................ 36
Estimate durations ......................................................................................................................... 36
Develop schedule .......................................................................................................................... 37
Critical path method .................................................................................................................. 37
Milestone schedule or GANTT ..................................................................................................... 38
Lecture 8: Quality management....................................................................................................40
1. Quality planning ..................................................................................................................... 40
2. Managing quality .................................................................................................................... 42
3. Control quality ....................................................................................................................... 43
Lecture 9: Stakeholder management ............................................................................................44
Why involve stakeholders? ............................................................................................................. 44
Stakeholder analysis ...................................................................................................................... 45
Power-interest grid ..................................................................................................................... 46
Stakeholder analysis grid ............................................................................................................ 47
Planning stakeholder activities: 5W model....................................................................................... 47
Lecture 10: Finance and budget management ...............................................................................50
Recap: real estate market ............................................................................................................... 51
Who is involved? ............................................................................................................................ 51
Costs, revenues and returns ........................................................................................................... 52
Financing vs. funding ...................................................................................................................... 54
Feasibility assessment tools ........................................................................................................... 54
2
, Market analysis .......................................................................................................................... 55
Residual land valuation (RLV) ...................................................................................................... 55
Discounted cash flow analyses ................................................................................................... 56
Net present value (NPV)/ Internal rate of return (IRR) .................................................................... 58
Synopsis ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Lecture 11: Uncertainty and risk management ..............................................................................59
Understanding uncertainty and Risk ................................................................................................ 59
Sources of uncertainty and risk ....................................................................................................... 61
Analyzing uncertainty and risk ......................................................................................................... 63
Quantitative: sensitivity analysis ................................................................................................. 64
Qualitative/quantitative: scenario planning methods ................................................................... 65
Managing uncertainty and risk......................................................................................................... 66
Avoidance strategies ................................................................................................................ 66
Mitigation strategies ................................................................................................................. 66
No-regret and low-regret strategies ............................................................................................. 66
Adaptive/flexibility strategies ...................................................................................................... 67
Uncertainty and risk management plan ........................................................................................... 67
3
, LECTURE 1 COMPLEX SPATIAL PROJECTS: CHARACTERISTICS
THE “PROJECT MODE”
• Projects versus plans and policies
o Generic policies versus projects
o Projects are actionable parts of plans
▪ Specific timing (+/-10-25y): planning is easy, but implementation takes a long
time
▪ Specific place
• Project zone= zone of physical intervention
• Project study area=area where the project has influences
▪ Specific budget
• Terminology
o Strategic projects: projects in planning that are part of a strategic vision/plan
o Environmental projects: water, nature development…
o Urban regeneration/ Renewal/redevelopment: most dominant type
o Infrastructure projects: typically, roads, railways, tunnels, bridges
Complex spatial projects (SDP’s): wide area of different types of projects
TYPES OF CSP’S
• Scope
o Urban
o Business parks
o Landscape projects
o Infrastructure
• Public, private and public-private
o private: typical development of housing, retail, ... Example: PAKT Groen kwartier
o public: roads, squares for example: Kaaien Antwerp
o public-private: collab between the two sectors, could also be roads, government
buildings for example: Nieuw Zuid
• Single goal versus multiple goals
o Single goal: one main goal like infrastructure
o Multiple goals: more robust plan, because more people benefit from it
• Greenfield versus brownfield
• Strategic versus operational
o Strategic: once
o Operational: for example, renewing the streets every now and then
MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF CSP’S
COMPLEXITY AND MANAGEMENT OF SDP’S
• What is meant by “complexity”? It’s different from complicated
o Complex systems theory
▪ Systems with many components
4
MANAGEMENT
INHOUDSOPGAVE
Lecture 1 Complex spatial projects: characteristics ...................................................................... 4
The “project mode” ..........................................................................................................................4
Types of CSP’s .................................................................................................................................4
Management characteristics of CSP’s ...............................................................................................4
Complexity and management of SDP’s ..........................................................................................4
Megaprojects, a separate species of CSP’s........................................................................................6
What are megaprojects? ...............................................................................................................6
Cost overrun of megaprojects .......................................................................................................6
Theoretical causes of failures: 4 mechanisms ................................................................................7
Overview: the “failure funnel” ......................................................................................................... 10
Lecture 2: Project management, the bigger picture .......................................................................10
Project management ...................................................................................................................... 11
Projects, programs and portfolio’s .............................................................................................. 11
Project management basics ....................................................................................................... 12
Project management knowledge area’s ....................................................................................... 13
PMI 7th edition: focus on agility ................................................................................................... 13
Lecture 3: Initiating Projects ........................................................................................................16
Why projects are initiated ............................................................................................................... 17
Problem stream ......................................................................................................................... 17
Solution/ opportunity stream ...................................................................................................... 18
Kingdon’s stream model ............................................................................................................. 19
Activities in the initiation phase ....................................................................................................... 19
Policy entrepreneurs ...................................................................................................................... 19
Tools and instruments .................................................................................................................... 20
Lecture 4: Defining the projects ....................................................................................................20
Refining the scope and goals of the project ...................................................................................... 21
Research on alternatives ................................................................................................................ 22
Selecting alternatives ................................................................................................................. 22
Development of project management plan ...................................................................................... 24
Definition phase ............................................................................................................................. 24
Lecture 5: Planning and preparing projects ...................................................................................25
1
, Refinement of project design .......................................................................................................... 26
Preparing implementation of the construction phase ....................................................................... 26
Temporally program & art in public space .................................................................................... 27
Permitting and legal procedures ..................................................................................................... 27
Collaboration and participation ...................................................................................................... 27
Output........................................................................................................................................... 28
Lecture 6: Implementation and Aftercare .....................................................................................28
Preparatory works .......................................................................................................................... 28
Mitigation and communication ........................................................................................................ 28
Aftercare ....................................................................................................................................... 29
Lecture 7: Managing time .............................................................................................................29
Examples ...................................................................................................................................... 30
Define activities ............................................................................................................................. 31
Milestoneplan ............................................................................................................................ 32
Timeline Eilandje, Antwerp .......................................................................................................... 33
Project planning: a mixed approach ............................................................................................ 33
Schedule activities ......................................................................................................................... 34
Dependencies............................................................................................................................ 35
Network diagram ........................................................................................................................ 36
Estimate durations ......................................................................................................................... 36
Develop schedule .......................................................................................................................... 37
Critical path method .................................................................................................................. 37
Milestone schedule or GANTT ..................................................................................................... 38
Lecture 8: Quality management....................................................................................................40
1. Quality planning ..................................................................................................................... 40
2. Managing quality .................................................................................................................... 42
3. Control quality ....................................................................................................................... 43
Lecture 9: Stakeholder management ............................................................................................44
Why involve stakeholders? ............................................................................................................. 44
Stakeholder analysis ...................................................................................................................... 45
Power-interest grid ..................................................................................................................... 46
Stakeholder analysis grid ............................................................................................................ 47
Planning stakeholder activities: 5W model....................................................................................... 47
Lecture 10: Finance and budget management ...............................................................................50
Recap: real estate market ............................................................................................................... 51
Who is involved? ............................................................................................................................ 51
Costs, revenues and returns ........................................................................................................... 52
Financing vs. funding ...................................................................................................................... 54
Feasibility assessment tools ........................................................................................................... 54
2
, Market analysis .......................................................................................................................... 55
Residual land valuation (RLV) ...................................................................................................... 55
Discounted cash flow analyses ................................................................................................... 56
Net present value (NPV)/ Internal rate of return (IRR) .................................................................... 58
Synopsis ........................................................................................................................................ 58
Lecture 11: Uncertainty and risk management ..............................................................................59
Understanding uncertainty and Risk ................................................................................................ 59
Sources of uncertainty and risk ....................................................................................................... 61
Analyzing uncertainty and risk ......................................................................................................... 63
Quantitative: sensitivity analysis ................................................................................................. 64
Qualitative/quantitative: scenario planning methods ................................................................... 65
Managing uncertainty and risk......................................................................................................... 66
Avoidance strategies ................................................................................................................ 66
Mitigation strategies ................................................................................................................. 66
No-regret and low-regret strategies ............................................................................................. 66
Adaptive/flexibility strategies ...................................................................................................... 67
Uncertainty and risk management plan ........................................................................................... 67
3
, LECTURE 1 COMPLEX SPATIAL PROJECTS: CHARACTERISTICS
THE “PROJECT MODE”
• Projects versus plans and policies
o Generic policies versus projects
o Projects are actionable parts of plans
▪ Specific timing (+/-10-25y): planning is easy, but implementation takes a long
time
▪ Specific place
• Project zone= zone of physical intervention
• Project study area=area where the project has influences
▪ Specific budget
• Terminology
o Strategic projects: projects in planning that are part of a strategic vision/plan
o Environmental projects: water, nature development…
o Urban regeneration/ Renewal/redevelopment: most dominant type
o Infrastructure projects: typically, roads, railways, tunnels, bridges
Complex spatial projects (SDP’s): wide area of different types of projects
TYPES OF CSP’S
• Scope
o Urban
o Business parks
o Landscape projects
o Infrastructure
• Public, private and public-private
o private: typical development of housing, retail, ... Example: PAKT Groen kwartier
o public: roads, squares for example: Kaaien Antwerp
o public-private: collab between the two sectors, could also be roads, government
buildings for example: Nieuw Zuid
• Single goal versus multiple goals
o Single goal: one main goal like infrastructure
o Multiple goals: more robust plan, because more people benefit from it
• Greenfield versus brownfield
• Strategic versus operational
o Strategic: once
o Operational: for example, renewing the streets every now and then
MANAGEMENT CHARACTERISTICS OF CSP’S
COMPLEXITY AND MANAGEMENT OF SDP’S
• What is meant by “complexity”? It’s different from complicated
o Complex systems theory
▪ Systems with many components
4
