Certified in Public Health: Policy Ultimate Exam
Guide 2025 | Verified Answer Key | Guaranteed
High Marks
when policies are proposed to address the problem and then debated by policymakers.
Although policymakers may agree a problem is important, inaction can occur if an acceptable
policy solution is not agreed upon. - policy formulation
occurs through established governmental processes in which laws or ordinances are passed by
lawmakers. - policy adoption
occurs after a policy is adopted when government units make the policy operational, which
requires both human and financial resources. - policy implementation
follows implementation to determine whether the policy is meeting its goals in addressing the
identified problem - policy evaluation
occurs after policy evaluation when results are used to determine if a policy should be
continued, modified, or repealed. - policy modification
1. The Medicare policy "window of opportunity" in 1965 was successful with the passage of
Medicare because of what factor(s)?
a. The public perceived that a problem existed.
b. Support existed for the policy design.
c. A majority in Congress supported the plan.
d. All of the above - D
Vignette 2: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted in 2010. The ACA
is also known as "Obamacare" because it is health reform advanced under President Barack
Obama. The law is comprehensive, and full implementation regarding private health insurance
coverage was implemented on January 1, 2014. A key provision is that employers with 50 or
more employees must purchase health insurance for their employees or otherwise pay a
penalty. It also required noncovered individuals who do not qualify for Medicaid to purchase
health insurance, with federal subsidies to those with qualifying incomes. Individual coverage
can be purchased through a state or federal insurance "exchange" where insurance is purchased
absent consideration of pre-existing medical conditions.6 The ACA provisions are somewhat
, similar to employer-sponsored health insurance in which insurance premiums are based on a
group and not an i - B
Medicaid is funded by the - federal government alongside state government matching
funds
ignette 3: Medicaid expansion was passed as part of the ACA in 2010 and would require states
to expand Medicaid coverage to cover all low-income adults aged 18 to 64 years who were at
less than or equal to 138% of the federal poverty level. Each state's expansion was to be
implemented on January 1, 2014. Initially, the Medicaid expansion would be funded solely by
federal funds and later transition to federal and state matching funds.
3. Since then, what occurred with the Medicaid expansion?
a. All states have expanded Medicaid consistent with the ACA.
b. Some states have requested waivers to avoid the mandate to expand Medicaid.
c. The US Supreme Court overturned the mandate for states to expand Medicaid.
d. Some states have been given approval to delay their Medicaid expansion. - C
The Iron Triangle of health care is - access, quality, cost
Vignette 4: Joe had the flu and weeks later was not fully recovered. As a consequence, he visited
his local emergency department (ED) and reported his chief complaint as acute shortness of
breath and said he might have pneumonia. The triage nurse explained that because Joe was
uninsured, it was better for him to use the hospital's urgent care center, which was a few blocks
away. The nurse explained this would be less costly because an ED visit can result in a large
hospital bill of $1,000 or more.
4. Which federal policy is most relevant to this scenario?
a. Value-based purchasing
b. Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act
c. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
d. Meaningful use - B
Vignette 5: Fred, a Medicare beneficiary, also had the flu and subsequently visited the ED for
acute shortness of breath. The triage nurse cautioned that his wait could be long as many sick
patients were waiting to be seen. Two hours later, Fred was still in the waiting room. Following
Guide 2025 | Verified Answer Key | Guaranteed
High Marks
when policies are proposed to address the problem and then debated by policymakers.
Although policymakers may agree a problem is important, inaction can occur if an acceptable
policy solution is not agreed upon. - policy formulation
occurs through established governmental processes in which laws or ordinances are passed by
lawmakers. - policy adoption
occurs after a policy is adopted when government units make the policy operational, which
requires both human and financial resources. - policy implementation
follows implementation to determine whether the policy is meeting its goals in addressing the
identified problem - policy evaluation
occurs after policy evaluation when results are used to determine if a policy should be
continued, modified, or repealed. - policy modification
1. The Medicare policy "window of opportunity" in 1965 was successful with the passage of
Medicare because of what factor(s)?
a. The public perceived that a problem existed.
b. Support existed for the policy design.
c. A majority in Congress supported the plan.
d. All of the above - D
Vignette 2: The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted in 2010. The ACA
is also known as "Obamacare" because it is health reform advanced under President Barack
Obama. The law is comprehensive, and full implementation regarding private health insurance
coverage was implemented on January 1, 2014. A key provision is that employers with 50 or
more employees must purchase health insurance for their employees or otherwise pay a
penalty. It also required noncovered individuals who do not qualify for Medicaid to purchase
health insurance, with federal subsidies to those with qualifying incomes. Individual coverage
can be purchased through a state or federal insurance "exchange" where insurance is purchased
absent consideration of pre-existing medical conditions.6 The ACA provisions are somewhat
, similar to employer-sponsored health insurance in which insurance premiums are based on a
group and not an i - B
Medicaid is funded by the - federal government alongside state government matching
funds
ignette 3: Medicaid expansion was passed as part of the ACA in 2010 and would require states
to expand Medicaid coverage to cover all low-income adults aged 18 to 64 years who were at
less than or equal to 138% of the federal poverty level. Each state's expansion was to be
implemented on January 1, 2014. Initially, the Medicaid expansion would be funded solely by
federal funds and later transition to federal and state matching funds.
3. Since then, what occurred with the Medicaid expansion?
a. All states have expanded Medicaid consistent with the ACA.
b. Some states have requested waivers to avoid the mandate to expand Medicaid.
c. The US Supreme Court overturned the mandate for states to expand Medicaid.
d. Some states have been given approval to delay their Medicaid expansion. - C
The Iron Triangle of health care is - access, quality, cost
Vignette 4: Joe had the flu and weeks later was not fully recovered. As a consequence, he visited
his local emergency department (ED) and reported his chief complaint as acute shortness of
breath and said he might have pneumonia. The triage nurse explained that because Joe was
uninsured, it was better for him to use the hospital's urgent care center, which was a few blocks
away. The nurse explained this would be less costly because an ED visit can result in a large
hospital bill of $1,000 or more.
4. Which federal policy is most relevant to this scenario?
a. Value-based purchasing
b. Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act
c. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
d. Meaningful use - B
Vignette 5: Fred, a Medicare beneficiary, also had the flu and subsequently visited the ED for
acute shortness of breath. The triage nurse cautioned that his wait could be long as many sick
patients were waiting to be seen. Two hours later, Fred was still in the waiting room. Following
