ATI Advanced Med-Surg Exam with Complete Solution 2025 Rated A+

Cardiovascular and Hematology 1. A nurse is assessing a client who has pernicious anemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? A. Thick, white coating on the client's tongue B. Decreased pulse rate C. Paresthesias in the hands and feet D. Joint pain in the extremities 2. A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing conservative treatment for deep-vein thrombosis. The client asks the nurse what will happen to the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Your body has a process called fibrinolysis that will eventually dissolve the clot." B. "Your body has a mechanism that will keep the clot stable in its present location." C. "The clot will break into tiny fragments and float harmlessly in your bloodstream." D. "Treatment with heparin will dissolve the clot and keep other clots from forming." 3. A nurse is planning care for a client who has pernicious anemia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan? A. Administer ferrous sulfate supplementation B. Increase dietary intake of folic acid C. Initiate weekly injections of vitamin B12 D. Initiate a blood transfusion 4. A nurse is preparing to transfuse 250 mL of packed red blood cells (RBCs) to a client over 4 hr. A blood administration set is available that delivers 10 gtt/mL. The nurse should set the manual blood transfusion to deliver how many gtt/min? (Fill in the blank with the numeric value only, round the answer to the nearest whole number, and use a leading zero if applicable. Do not use a trailing zero.) 10 gtt/min 5. A nurse is monitoring a client for reperfusion following thrombolytic therapy to treat acute myocardial infarction (MI). Which of the following indicators should the nurse identify to confirm reperfusion? A. Ventricular dysrhythmias B. Appearance of Q waves C. Elevated ST segments D. Recurrence of chest pain 6. A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about assessing clients who are having an acute myocard bu ial infarction (MI). What is the most common assessment finding with acute MI? A. Dyspnea B. Pain in the shoulder and left arm C. Substernal chest pain D. Palpitations 7. A nurse is reviewing laboratory values for an adult client who has sickle cell anemia and a history of receiving blood transfusions. For which of the following complications should the nurse monitor? A. Hypokalemia B. Lead poisoning C. Hypercalcemia D. Iron toxicity 8. A nurse is planning care for a client who is having a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with stent placement. Which of the following actions should the nurse anticipate in the post-procedure plan of care? A. Instruct the client about a long-term cardiac conditioning program B. Administer scheduled doses of acetaminophen C. Check for peak laboratory markers of myocardial damage D. Monitor for bleeding 9. A nurse is monitoring a client who has heart failure related to mitral stenosis. The client reports shortness of breath on exertion. Which of the following conditions should the nurse expect? A. Increased cardiac output B. Increased pulmonary congestion C. Decreased left atrial pressure D. Decreased pulmonary artery pressure 10. A nurse is assessing a client who has pericarditis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect? A. Bradycardia with ST-segment depression B. Relief of chest pain with deep inspiration C. Dyspnea with hiccups D. Chest pain that increases when sitting upright 11. A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has a newly inserted permanent pacemaker. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? A. "Request a provider's prescription when traveling to alert airport security." B. "Stand at least 3 feet away while using a microwave." C. "Keep your cell phone 6 inches away from your pacemaker when making a call." D. "Avoid showering for the first 2 weeks following surgery." 12. A nurse is assessing a client who has peripheral vascular disease and a venous ulcer on the right ankle. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect in the client's affected extremity? A. Absent pedal pulses B. Ankle swelling C. Hair loss D. Skin atrophy 13. A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of pernicious anemia. The nurse should expect the client's provider to prescribe which of the following medications for this client? A. Ferrous sulfate B. Epoetin alfa C. Vitamin B12 D. Folic acid 14. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new permanent pacemaker. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I should check my heart rate at the same time each day." B. "I don't have to take my antihypertensive medications now that I have a pacemaker." C. "I should keep a pressure dressing over the generator until the incision is healed." D. "I cannot stand in front of our new microwave oven when it is on." 15. A nurse is teaching a client who has pernicious anemia. The nurse should encourage the client to increase consumption of which of the following foods? A. Eggs B. Squash C. Kale D. Tofu 16. A nurse on a telemetry unit is caring for a client who has an irregular radial pulse. Which of the following ECG abnormalities should the nurse recognize as atrial flutter? A. P waves occurring at 0.16 seconds before each QRS complex B. Atrial rate of 300/min with QRS complex of 80/min C. Ventricular rate of 82/min with an atrial rate of 80/min D. Irregular ventricular rate of 125/min with a wide QRS pattern 17. A nurse is teaching a client who has polycythemia vera about self-care measures. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include? A. "Drink at least 1 liter of fluid each day." B. "Continuously wear support hose." C. "Elevate your legs when sitting." D. "Use dental floss daily." 18. A nurse is assessing a client who has deep-vein thrombosis in her left calf. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect to find? (Select all that apply.) A. Hardening along the blood vessel B. Absence of a peripheral pulse C. Tenderness in the calf D. Cool skin on the leg E. Increased leg circumference 19. A nurse is caring for a client who has peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and ulcers on the toes. Which of the following findings of PVD is a risk factor for ulceration of the extremities? A. Insufficient skin care B. Dehydration C. Immobility D. Impaired circulation 20. A nurse is teaching about a low-cholesterol diet to a client who had a myocardial infarction. Which of the following meal selections by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. Chicken breast and corn on the cob B. Shrimp and rice C. Cheese omelet and turkey bacon D. Liver and onions 21. A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has aplastic anemia. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the instructions? A. "I need to stay active to prevent blood clots in my legs." B. "If I have a bad headache, I can take aspirin to get rid of it." C. "I should eliminate uncooked foods from my diet for now." D. "I should eat more iron-fortified cereal to strengthen my blood." 22. A nurse is caring for a client who has hemophilia. The client reports pain and swelling in a joint following an injury. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Obtain blood samples to test platelet function B. Prepare for replacement of the missing clotting factor C. Administer aspirin for the client's pain D. Place the bleeding joint in the dependent position 23. A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing treatment for hypertension. Which of the following statements indicates that the client is adhering to the treatment plan? A. "I would never have believed I could get used to enjoying my food without salt." B. "My blood pressure device at home usually shows about 156 over 98 or so." C. "I make sure I take my blood pressure medicine when I have headaches." D. "My blood pressure pills are very expensive. Could I take a cheaper medication?" 24. A nurse is caring for a client who has a platelet count of 50,000/mm^3. After discontinuing the client's peripheral IV site, which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Apply warm compresses B. Apply pressure to the catheter removal site for 5 min C. Place the affected arm in a dependent position D. Clean the insertion site with alcohol 25. A. Apply warm compresses B. Apply pressure to the catheter removal site for 5 min C. Place the affected arm in a dependent position D. Clean the insertion site with alcohol A. Hyperkalemia B. Hyponatremia C. Hypercalcemia D. Hypomagnesemia 26. A nurse is preparing an in-service presentation about the management of myocardial infarction (MI). Death following MI is often a result of which of the following complications? A. Cardiogenic shock B. Dysrhythmias C. Heart failure D. Pulmonary edema 27. A client who just learned that he has variant (Prinzmetal's) angina asks the nurse how this type of angina compares with stable angina. Which of the following replies should the nurse make? A. "Exertion often brings on pain." B. "Variant angina occurs randomly at various times." C. "Variant angina can cause changes on your electrocardiogram." D. "Reducing your cholesterol can help you experience less pain." 28. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following vein ligation and stripping for varicose veins. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Position the client supine with his legs elevated when in bed B. Encourage the client to ambulate for 15 min every hour while awake for the first 24 hr C. Tell the client to sit with his legs dependent after ambulating D. Instruct the client to wear knee-length socks for 2 weeks after surgery 29. A. Position the client supine with his legs elevated when in bed B. Encourage the client to ambulate for 15 min every hour while awake for the first 24 hr C. Tell the client to sit with his legs dependent after ambulating D. Instruct the client to wear knee-length socks for 2 weeks after surgery A. "I’ll stick with sof t foods for now." B. "My family will be bringing me fresh flowers today." C. "I'll use a new disposable razor each day." D. "I’ll blow my nose more often to avoid nosebleeds." 30. A nurse is providing information to a client who is scheduled for an exercise electrocardiography test. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I will not drink coffee 4 hr prior to my test." B. "I can eat a light meal 1 hr prior to the test." C. "I can have a cigarette up to 30 min prior to the test." D. "I will take my heart medication on the day of the test."