Human Biology Exam #1 Questions
and Answers
carbohydrate - ANSWER-organic compound composed primarily of sugar, starches,
cellulose groups
amino acid - ANSWER-organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen
protein - ANSWER-one or more polypeptides chains of more than 100 amino acids;
3D
lipid - ANSWER-organic compounds formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
nucleic acid - ANSWER-biopolymers and large biomolecules essential for all forms
of life
ATP - ANSWER-a nucleotide composed of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups;
energy carriers
chemical bonds - ANSWER-attractive forces between 2 atoms that causes the atoms
to be bound to eachother
hydrolysis - ANSWER-the process of breaking a molecule into 2 using water
dehydration synthesis - ANSWER-the process of covalently bonding 2 smaller
molecules together to create a larger molecule by removing water
ion - ANSWER-an atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge; ex-
K- --> K+
molecule - ANSWER-particle consisting of 2 or more atoms joined together by
chemical bonds; ex-water H2O
monomer - ANSWER-is a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to
form a polymer
list the 12 most important elements of living organisms - ANSWER-oxygen,
hydrogen, calcium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium,
sulfur, iron, chlorine
list the 6 important elements found in living organisms - ANSWER-oxygen,
hydrogen, calcium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus
what are the 3 primary types of chemical bonds - ANSWER-covalent, ionic,
hydrogen
, what is the type of energy found in intact chemical bonds - ANSWER-potential
energy
what is the type of energy found when chemical bonds break - ANSWER-kinetic
energy
what is the chemical structure/formula for glucose - ANSWER-C6H12O6
what is the chemical structure/formula of water - ANSWER-H2O
what is the chemical structure/formula of carbohydrates - ANSWER-Cx(H2O)x
what is the chemical structure/formula of lipids - ANSWER-Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
what is the chemical structure/formula of nucleic acid - ANSWER-Adenine, Thymine,
Cytosine, Guanine
what is the chemical structure/formula of ATP - ANSWER-C10H16N5O13P3
what is the chemical structure/formula of proteins - ANSWER-linear sequence of
amino acids in the polypeptide chain; Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen
what are the 4 major macromolecules in humans - ANSWER-carbohydrates, lipids,
nucleic acid, proteins
what is the process of dehydration synthesis - ANSWER-removes equivalent of a
water molecule to link molecular units; build macromolecules from smaller
molecules; requires energy
what is the process of hydrolysis - ANSWER-adds the equivalent of a water
molecule to break apart macromolecules; releases energy
cell theory/doctrine - ANSWER-3 basic principles of cells
what are the 3 basic principles of the cell theory - ANSWER-all living things are
made up of cells and cell products, shows us the characteristics of life, all cells come
from preexisting cells
prokaryote - ANSWER-a single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles; ex- bacteria
eukaryote - ANSWER-an organism composed of cells with a nucleus and internal
membrane-bound organelle; ex-humans
cell structure - ANSWER-the basic structure of a cell; based on cell function
organelle - ANSWER-one of many small cellular structures that perform specific
functions for the cell as a whole
and Answers
carbohydrate - ANSWER-organic compound composed primarily of sugar, starches,
cellulose groups
amino acid - ANSWER-organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen
protein - ANSWER-one or more polypeptides chains of more than 100 amino acids;
3D
lipid - ANSWER-organic compounds formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
nucleic acid - ANSWER-biopolymers and large biomolecules essential for all forms
of life
ATP - ANSWER-a nucleotide composed of adenosine and 3 phosphate groups;
energy carriers
chemical bonds - ANSWER-attractive forces between 2 atoms that causes the atoms
to be bound to eachother
hydrolysis - ANSWER-the process of breaking a molecule into 2 using water
dehydration synthesis - ANSWER-the process of covalently bonding 2 smaller
molecules together to create a larger molecule by removing water
ion - ANSWER-an atom or molecule with a positive or negative electric charge; ex-
K- --> K+
molecule - ANSWER-particle consisting of 2 or more atoms joined together by
chemical bonds; ex-water H2O
monomer - ANSWER-is a molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to
form a polymer
list the 12 most important elements of living organisms - ANSWER-oxygen,
hydrogen, calcium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium,
sulfur, iron, chlorine
list the 6 important elements found in living organisms - ANSWER-oxygen,
hydrogen, calcium, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus
what are the 3 primary types of chemical bonds - ANSWER-covalent, ionic,
hydrogen
, what is the type of energy found in intact chemical bonds - ANSWER-potential
energy
what is the type of energy found when chemical bonds break - ANSWER-kinetic
energy
what is the chemical structure/formula for glucose - ANSWER-C6H12O6
what is the chemical structure/formula of water - ANSWER-H2O
what is the chemical structure/formula of carbohydrates - ANSWER-Cx(H2O)x
what is the chemical structure/formula of lipids - ANSWER-Carbon, Hydrogen,
Oxygen
what is the chemical structure/formula of nucleic acid - ANSWER-Adenine, Thymine,
Cytosine, Guanine
what is the chemical structure/formula of ATP - ANSWER-C10H16N5O13P3
what is the chemical structure/formula of proteins - ANSWER-linear sequence of
amino acids in the polypeptide chain; Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Oxygen
what are the 4 major macromolecules in humans - ANSWER-carbohydrates, lipids,
nucleic acid, proteins
what is the process of dehydration synthesis - ANSWER-removes equivalent of a
water molecule to link molecular units; build macromolecules from smaller
molecules; requires energy
what is the process of hydrolysis - ANSWER-adds the equivalent of a water
molecule to break apart macromolecules; releases energy
cell theory/doctrine - ANSWER-3 basic principles of cells
what are the 3 basic principles of the cell theory - ANSWER-all living things are
made up of cells and cell products, shows us the characteristics of life, all cells come
from preexisting cells
prokaryote - ANSWER-a single celled organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-
bound organelles; ex- bacteria
eukaryote - ANSWER-an organism composed of cells with a nucleus and internal
membrane-bound organelle; ex-humans
cell structure - ANSWER-the basic structure of a cell; based on cell function
organelle - ANSWER-one of many small cellular structures that perform specific
functions for the cell as a whole
