AP Human Geography Exam Review,
Rubenstein |87 Q’s and A’s
1st Agricultural Revolution - -Pg. 57
Time period where human beings first domesticated plants and animals and
no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. Created more stable
source of food.
http://loyolaaphugfar.weebly.com/
- 2nd Agriculture Revolution - -Pg. 57
Result of the Industrial Revolution; Involved the improvements of harvesting,
cultivating, and the introduction of new technology.
- 5 Themes of Geography - -1. Region- An area on Earth distinguished by a
distinctive combination of cultural and physical features. Pg. 5,
Formal Region- An area in which everyone shares one or more
characteristics. Pg. 17
Functional Region (Nodal)- An area organized around a focal point. Pg. 19
Vernacular Region (Perceptual)-An area people believe exists as a part of
their cultural identity. Pg. 19
2.Location- The position of anything on Earth's surface
The four ways to identify location- place name (toponym), site, situation, and
mathematical location Pg. 13
3. Place- Specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.
Every place occupies a specific location. Pg. 5
4. Human-Environment Interaction Involves
Cultural Landscape-The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural
group. Pg. 17
Environment Determinism- An approach that argued that the general laws
sought by human geography could be found in the sciences. Geography was
therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human
activities. Pg. 24
Possibilism- Theory that the physical environment may set limits on human
actions but the people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment
and chooses a course of action from alternatives. Pg. 24
AP Kaplan Review Book Pg. 47
http://aphg.northgwinnett.com/aphg/unit-1-1/5-themes
- 7 Urban Models - -1. Burgess= Concentric Zone Model- City grows outward
from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth rings of a
tree. Pg. 411
2.Hoyt= Sector Model- Tjhe city developes in a series of sectors, not rings.
Certain areas of a city are more attractive for various activities, originally
because of an environmental factor or even by mere chance. Pg. 411
,3. Harris and Ullman= Multiple Nuclei Model- A city is a complex structure
that includes more than one center around which activities revolve. Pg. 412
4.Vance
5. Griffin-Ford- In Latin American cities wealthy people push out from the
center in a well-defined elite residential sector. The elite sector forms on
either side of a narrow spine that contains offices , shops, and other
amenities attractive to wealthy people. Pg 416
6. de Blije
7. McGee
http://www.martinsaphug.com/learn/units/urbanization/urban-structure-
models/
- Acculturation and Assimilation - -Acculturation- The cultural change of a
people upon direct contact with a different culture.
Assimilation- The dying out of the old culture as it becomes replaced with the
culture of where a person or group of people currently reside.
https://books.google.com/books?id=O-D-
AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=aphg+acculturation+and+assimilati
on&source=bl&ots=SPk9oWPv6X&sig=F74LHEErlRJ4FuLAyc8MfJK9X8U&hl=e
n&sa=X&ei=BcUpVbDjAoKZgwTjwoG4CQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage
&q=aphg%20acculturation%20and%20assimilation&f=false
AP Kaplan Review Book Pg. 204
- Agglomeration and Deglomeration - -Agglomeration- The grouping
together of many firms of an industry for the mutual benefit of the industry
as a whole.
Deglomeration- Occurs when the market becomes saturated with a particular
industry, creating too much competition and forcing some businesses to shut
down.
http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/APHG/Unit%207/Notes7.htm
- Balkanization - -Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts
among ethnicities.
Ex.: Yugoslavia
Pg. 232
- Bid Rent Theory - -
- Boundary Disputes - -Definitional/ Territorial- Arise from the legal language
of the treaty's definition of the boundary.
Locational/ Positional- The interpretation of the border is questioned; The
border has shifted and the original intention of the boundary is also
questioned.
Operational/ Functional- Occur when 2 countries next to each other disagree
on a major issue involving the border.
Ex.: US and Mexico Immigration Problems
, Allocational/ Resource- Involve some type of natural resource, often in the
open sea or under the ground.
All information found in AP Kaplan Review Book Pg. 180
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFgAfGiBj5Q
- Central Business District (CBD) - -The commercial center and downtown
region of an urban area. Place is compact, but contains a large percentage of
the shops, offices, and public institutions. Consumer and business services
are attracted to the CBD because of its accessibility. Pg. 407
- Central Place Theory - -Created by Walter Christaller
Explains how the most profitable location can be identified.
Central Place- Market center for the exchange of goods and services by
people attracted from the surrounding area. Compete against others to serve
as markets for goods and services for the surrounding region. Pg. 388
- Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces - -Centripetal Forces- Attitude that
tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.
Ex.: Nationalism Pg. 219
Centrifugal Forces- Forces that divides people and countries
http://www.lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki/tiki-print_article.php?articleId=146
- Commercial Agriculture - -Production of food primarily for sale off the
farm; found in MDCs
The 6 main types: Mixed crop and Livestock Farming, Dairy Farming, Grain
Farming, Livestock Ranching, Mediterranean Agriculture, Commercial
Gardening and Fruit Farming, Pg 322
Commercial ag- the production of food primarily for sale off the farm.
Five features distinguish commercial ag from subsistence:
-Purpose of farming: subsistence ag is to produce food for own consumption.
Commercial ag is produced for sale to others.
-Percentage of farmers: in MDC's less than 5% of workers are farmers,
compared to 55% in LDC's. The farmers in MDC's are typically commercial,
whereas the LDC farmers are subsistence.
-Use of machinery: Commercial ag makes heavy use of machinery where
subsistence ag uses mainly hand tools and animals (think about the
tractors).
-Farm size: Commercial farms are much larger than subsistence farms. The
commercial farms have to be larger in order to pay for their heavy
machinery, and to make a profit.
-Relationship of farming to other business: Commercial farms are commonly
part of an agribusiness- the many facets of food production, not just isolated
family farming. Note: Improvements in transportation systems has impacted
agriculture by giving corporate farms an advantage over family farms.
http://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB0
Rubenstein |87 Q’s and A’s
1st Agricultural Revolution - -Pg. 57
Time period where human beings first domesticated plants and animals and
no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering. Created more stable
source of food.
http://loyolaaphugfar.weebly.com/
- 2nd Agriculture Revolution - -Pg. 57
Result of the Industrial Revolution; Involved the improvements of harvesting,
cultivating, and the introduction of new technology.
- 5 Themes of Geography - -1. Region- An area on Earth distinguished by a
distinctive combination of cultural and physical features. Pg. 5,
Formal Region- An area in which everyone shares one or more
characteristics. Pg. 17
Functional Region (Nodal)- An area organized around a focal point. Pg. 19
Vernacular Region (Perceptual)-An area people believe exists as a part of
their cultural identity. Pg. 19
2.Location- The position of anything on Earth's surface
The four ways to identify location- place name (toponym), site, situation, and
mathematical location Pg. 13
3. Place- Specific point on Earth distinguished by a particular characteristic.
Every place occupies a specific location. Pg. 5
4. Human-Environment Interaction Involves
Cultural Landscape-The fashioning of a natural landscape by a cultural
group. Pg. 17
Environment Determinism- An approach that argued that the general laws
sought by human geography could be found in the sciences. Geography was
therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human
activities. Pg. 24
Possibilism- Theory that the physical environment may set limits on human
actions but the people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment
and chooses a course of action from alternatives. Pg. 24
AP Kaplan Review Book Pg. 47
http://aphg.northgwinnett.com/aphg/unit-1-1/5-themes
- 7 Urban Models - -1. Burgess= Concentric Zone Model- City grows outward
from a central area in a series of concentric rings, like the growth rings of a
tree. Pg. 411
2.Hoyt= Sector Model- Tjhe city developes in a series of sectors, not rings.
Certain areas of a city are more attractive for various activities, originally
because of an environmental factor or even by mere chance. Pg. 411
,3. Harris and Ullman= Multiple Nuclei Model- A city is a complex structure
that includes more than one center around which activities revolve. Pg. 412
4.Vance
5. Griffin-Ford- In Latin American cities wealthy people push out from the
center in a well-defined elite residential sector. The elite sector forms on
either side of a narrow spine that contains offices , shops, and other
amenities attractive to wealthy people. Pg 416
6. de Blije
7. McGee
http://www.martinsaphug.com/learn/units/urbanization/urban-structure-
models/
- Acculturation and Assimilation - -Acculturation- The cultural change of a
people upon direct contact with a different culture.
Assimilation- The dying out of the old culture as it becomes replaced with the
culture of where a person or group of people currently reside.
https://books.google.com/books?id=O-D-
AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=aphg+acculturation+and+assimilati
on&source=bl&ots=SPk9oWPv6X&sig=F74LHEErlRJ4FuLAyc8MfJK9X8U&hl=e
n&sa=X&ei=BcUpVbDjAoKZgwTjwoG4CQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage
&q=aphg%20acculturation%20and%20assimilation&f=false
AP Kaplan Review Book Pg. 204
- Agglomeration and Deglomeration - -Agglomeration- The grouping
together of many firms of an industry for the mutual benefit of the industry
as a whole.
Deglomeration- Occurs when the market becomes saturated with a particular
industry, creating too much competition and forcing some businesses to shut
down.
http://teacherweb.ftl.pinecrest.edu/snyderd/APHG/Unit%207/Notes7.htm
- Balkanization - -Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts
among ethnicities.
Ex.: Yugoslavia
Pg. 232
- Bid Rent Theory - -
- Boundary Disputes - -Definitional/ Territorial- Arise from the legal language
of the treaty's definition of the boundary.
Locational/ Positional- The interpretation of the border is questioned; The
border has shifted and the original intention of the boundary is also
questioned.
Operational/ Functional- Occur when 2 countries next to each other disagree
on a major issue involving the border.
Ex.: US and Mexico Immigration Problems
, Allocational/ Resource- Involve some type of natural resource, often in the
open sea or under the ground.
All information found in AP Kaplan Review Book Pg. 180
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DFgAfGiBj5Q
- Central Business District (CBD) - -The commercial center and downtown
region of an urban area. Place is compact, but contains a large percentage of
the shops, offices, and public institutions. Consumer and business services
are attracted to the CBD because of its accessibility. Pg. 407
- Central Place Theory - -Created by Walter Christaller
Explains how the most profitable location can be identified.
Central Place- Market center for the exchange of goods and services by
people attracted from the surrounding area. Compete against others to serve
as markets for goods and services for the surrounding region. Pg. 388
- Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces - -Centripetal Forces- Attitude that
tends to unify people and enhance support for a state.
Ex.: Nationalism Pg. 219
Centrifugal Forces- Forces that divides people and countries
http://www.lewishistoricalsociety.com/wiki/tiki-print_article.php?articleId=146
- Commercial Agriculture - -Production of food primarily for sale off the
farm; found in MDCs
The 6 main types: Mixed crop and Livestock Farming, Dairy Farming, Grain
Farming, Livestock Ranching, Mediterranean Agriculture, Commercial
Gardening and Fruit Farming, Pg 322
Commercial ag- the production of food primarily for sale off the farm.
Five features distinguish commercial ag from subsistence:
-Purpose of farming: subsistence ag is to produce food for own consumption.
Commercial ag is produced for sale to others.
-Percentage of farmers: in MDC's less than 5% of workers are farmers,
compared to 55% in LDC's. The farmers in MDC's are typically commercial,
whereas the LDC farmers are subsistence.
-Use of machinery: Commercial ag makes heavy use of machinery where
subsistence ag uses mainly hand tools and animals (think about the
tractors).
-Farm size: Commercial farms are much larger than subsistence farms. The
commercial farms have to be larger in order to pay for their heavy
machinery, and to make a profit.
-Relationship of farming to other business: Commercial farms are commonly
part of an agribusiness- the many facets of food production, not just isolated
family farming. Note: Improvements in transportation systems has impacted
agriculture by giving corporate farms an advantage over family farms.
http://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=11&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CB0
