HESI-RN Exit 2025/26 Study Pack | High-Scoring
Verified Quizzes and Answers
What should be assessed in a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting? - Onset,
frequency, duration, intensity, and amount and character of emesis.
What are common causes of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing treatment? -
Side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, advanced cancer, bowel obstruction,
some medications, and metabolic abnormalities.
When should a patient take antiemetics if prescribed? - 1 hour before chemotherapy and
continue as prescribed to cover the expected emetogenic period.
What is the effectiveness of antiemetics in relation to timing? - Antiemetics are most
effective if taken prophylactically or at the onset of nausea.
What dietary recommendations can help manage nausea? - Eat cold foods or foods
served at room temperature, clear liquids, and bland foods.
What foods should patients avoid to reduce nausea? - Sweet, fatty, highly salted, and
spicy foods, as well as foods with strong odors.
What strategies can minimize nausea stimuli? - Minimize exposure to smells, sounds, or
sights that may promote nausea.
What candy can help decrease the unpleasant metallic taste during chemotherapy? -
Sour or mint candy.
What is the recommended eating pattern for patients undergoing chemotherapy? - Eat
small, light meals at frequent intervals (5-6 times per day).
What should patients do regarding food intake around chemotherapy sessions? - Avoid
eating or drinking for 1-2 hours before and after chemotherapy.
What is the suggested liquid diet protocol before and after chemotherapy? - Follow a
clear liquid diet for 1-2 hours before and 1-24 hours after chemotherapy.
What relaxation techniques can help prevent anticipatory nausea and vomiting? -
Techniques that may help reduce stress, such as music, television, or reading.
What should patients do if they feel nauseated? - Sit near an open window to breathe
fresh air.
,What should patients avoid during food preparation? - Avoid contact with food while it is
being cooked and being around people who are eating.
What types of antiemetic agents are commonly used? - Dopamine antagonists,
corticosteroids, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, and serotonin antagonists.
Which antineoplastic agents have severe emetic action? - Cisplatin, cyclophosphamide,
cytarabine, and several others listed in BOX 12-5.
What is the role of metoclopramide in managing nausea and vomiting? - It is an
antiemetic used to decrease nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
What is the expected timing for vomiting after chemotherapy? - Vomiting may occur
within 1 hour of chemotherapy administration or a few hours after radiation therapy.
What are some examples of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists? - Ondansetron,
granisetron, dolasetron, and palonosetron.
What should patients do to manage the metallic taste from chemotherapy? - Suck on ice
chips or consume sour or mint candies.
What is the significance of BOX 12-6 in the context of nausea and vomiting? - It lists
common antiemetic agents used to manage nausea and vomiting.
What is the importance of teaching patients about dietary patterns? - Encouraging
exploration of various dietary patterns can help find what works best for managing nausea.
What are the two substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists effective in preventing nausea
and vomiting during chemotherapy? - Aprepitant (Emend) and rolapitant (Varubi)
What is Akynzeo a combination of? - Palonosetron and netupitant (a substance
P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist)
What phenomenon may cause patients to experience nausea and vomiting even without
treatment after chemotherapy? - Anticipatory nausea and vomiting
What is recommended to manage anticipatory nausea and vomiting before chemotherapy
treatment? - Prophylactic administration of antiemetic and antianxiety medication 1 hour
before treatment and eating a light meal of nonirritating food.
How long after chemotherapy can delayed nausea and vomiting develop? - 24 hours to a
week after treatment.
,What should be assessed in patients experiencing nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy? -
Signs and symptoms of dehydration and metabolic alkalosis.
What are some effective methods to manage nausea and vomiting? - Antiemetic
regimens, dietary modification, and nondrug interventions like relaxation breathing.
What are common symptoms of acute gastritis? - Epigastric discomfort or pain, anorexia,
cramping, nausea, and vomiting.
What severe symptom may indicate a life-threatening emergency in gastritis? - Gastric
hemorrhage (vomiting blood).
What are key features of acute gastritis? - Rapid onset of epigastric pain, nausea and
vomiting, hematemesis, gastric hemorrhage, dyspepsia, and anorexia.
What symptoms are associated with chronic gastritis? - Vague epigastric pain relieved by
food, anorexia, nausea or vomiting, intolerance of fatty and spicy foods, and pernicious anemia.
What is the gold standard for diagnosing gastritis? - Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
with biopsy.
What is the purpose of performing a biopsy during EGD for gastritis diagnosis? - To
establish a definitive diagnosis of the type of gastritis and to rule out gastric cancer.
What testing can detect H. pylori infection during gastritis diagnosis? - Rapid urease
testing on biopsy specimens.
What is the typical treatment approach for acute gastritis? - Symptomatic and supportive
treatment, as healing is usually spontaneous.
What may be necessary for patients with severe bleeding due to gastritis? - Blood
transfusion and fluid replacement.
What surgical procedures may be needed for patients with major bleeding or ulceration in
gastritis? - Partial gastrectomy, pyloroplasty, and/or vagotomy.
What is the usual duration for symptoms of acute gastritis? - Symptoms last only a few
hours or days.
What can cause rapid onset gastritis symptoms? - Gastritis or food poisoning caused by
endotoxins, such as staphylococcal endotoxin.
What is a common outcome when the cause of gastritis is removed? - Pain and
discomfort usually subside.
, What are the symptoms of chronic gastritis when ulceration occurs? - Nausea, vomiting,
or upper abdominal discomfort.
What is the significance of discontinuing antacids before H. pylori testing? - The results of
the tests are more reliable if antacids are discontinued for at least a week.
What is the primary treatment approach for gastritis? - Eliminating causative factors,
such as H. pylori infection, and treating underlying diseases.
What medications are typically prescribed to block gastric acid secretions in acute gastritis? -
H2-receptor antagonists like famotidine (Pepcid) and nizatidine (Axid).
What is the role of sucralfate in the treatment of gastritis? - Sucralfate (Carafate,
Sulcrate) is a mucosal barrier fortifier that may be prescribed.
What are common antacids used as buffering agents for gastritis? - Aluminum hydroxide
combined with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox) and aluminum hydroxide combined with
simethicone and magnesium hydroxide (Mylanta).
What class of drugs do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) belong to, and what is their purpose? -
PPIs, such as omeprazole (Prilosec) and pantoprazole (Protonix), suppress gastric acid
secretion.
What should patients monitor for when taking medications for gastritis? - Symptom relief
and side effects, and notify the healthcare provider of any adverse effects or worsening gastric
distress.
What dietary recommendations are given to patients with gastritis? - Limit intake of
irritating foods and spices, such as caffeine, high acid foods, and heavily seasoned dishes.
What lifestyle habits should be avoided by patients with gastritis? - Alcohol and tobacco
should be avoided.
What complementary therapies are commonly used for gastritis and peptic ulcer disease? -
Herbs like cranberry, DGL, ginger, probiotics, slippery elm, and vitamins like Vitamin C.
What is the supportive care plan for acute gastritis? - Rest, NPO status, IV fluids, and
antiemetics if vomiting occurs.
What is the purpose of using an NG tube in severe cases of acute gastritis? - To monitor
for bleeding, lavage the stomach, or keep the stomach empty.
Verified Quizzes and Answers
What should be assessed in a patient experiencing nausea and vomiting? - Onset,
frequency, duration, intensity, and amount and character of emesis.
What are common causes of nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing treatment? -
Side effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, advanced cancer, bowel obstruction,
some medications, and metabolic abnormalities.
When should a patient take antiemetics if prescribed? - 1 hour before chemotherapy and
continue as prescribed to cover the expected emetogenic period.
What is the effectiveness of antiemetics in relation to timing? - Antiemetics are most
effective if taken prophylactically or at the onset of nausea.
What dietary recommendations can help manage nausea? - Eat cold foods or foods
served at room temperature, clear liquids, and bland foods.
What foods should patients avoid to reduce nausea? - Sweet, fatty, highly salted, and
spicy foods, as well as foods with strong odors.
What strategies can minimize nausea stimuli? - Minimize exposure to smells, sounds, or
sights that may promote nausea.
What candy can help decrease the unpleasant metallic taste during chemotherapy? -
Sour or mint candy.
What is the recommended eating pattern for patients undergoing chemotherapy? - Eat
small, light meals at frequent intervals (5-6 times per day).
What should patients do regarding food intake around chemotherapy sessions? - Avoid
eating or drinking for 1-2 hours before and after chemotherapy.
What is the suggested liquid diet protocol before and after chemotherapy? - Follow a
clear liquid diet for 1-2 hours before and 1-24 hours after chemotherapy.
What relaxation techniques can help prevent anticipatory nausea and vomiting? -
Techniques that may help reduce stress, such as music, television, or reading.
What should patients do if they feel nauseated? - Sit near an open window to breathe
fresh air.
,What should patients avoid during food preparation? - Avoid contact with food while it is
being cooked and being around people who are eating.
What types of antiemetic agents are commonly used? - Dopamine antagonists,
corticosteroids, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, and serotonin antagonists.
Which antineoplastic agents have severe emetic action? - Cisplatin, cyclophosphamide,
cytarabine, and several others listed in BOX 12-5.
What is the role of metoclopramide in managing nausea and vomiting? - It is an
antiemetic used to decrease nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.
What is the expected timing for vomiting after chemotherapy? - Vomiting may occur
within 1 hour of chemotherapy administration or a few hours after radiation therapy.
What are some examples of serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonists? - Ondansetron,
granisetron, dolasetron, and palonosetron.
What should patients do to manage the metallic taste from chemotherapy? - Suck on ice
chips or consume sour or mint candies.
What is the significance of BOX 12-6 in the context of nausea and vomiting? - It lists
common antiemetic agents used to manage nausea and vomiting.
What is the importance of teaching patients about dietary patterns? - Encouraging
exploration of various dietary patterns can help find what works best for managing nausea.
What are the two substance P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists effective in preventing nausea
and vomiting during chemotherapy? - Aprepitant (Emend) and rolapitant (Varubi)
What is Akynzeo a combination of? - Palonosetron and netupitant (a substance
P/neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist)
What phenomenon may cause patients to experience nausea and vomiting even without
treatment after chemotherapy? - Anticipatory nausea and vomiting
What is recommended to manage anticipatory nausea and vomiting before chemotherapy
treatment? - Prophylactic administration of antiemetic and antianxiety medication 1 hour
before treatment and eating a light meal of nonirritating food.
How long after chemotherapy can delayed nausea and vomiting develop? - 24 hours to a
week after treatment.
,What should be assessed in patients experiencing nausea and vomiting after chemotherapy? -
Signs and symptoms of dehydration and metabolic alkalosis.
What are some effective methods to manage nausea and vomiting? - Antiemetic
regimens, dietary modification, and nondrug interventions like relaxation breathing.
What are common symptoms of acute gastritis? - Epigastric discomfort or pain, anorexia,
cramping, nausea, and vomiting.
What severe symptom may indicate a life-threatening emergency in gastritis? - Gastric
hemorrhage (vomiting blood).
What are key features of acute gastritis? - Rapid onset of epigastric pain, nausea and
vomiting, hematemesis, gastric hemorrhage, dyspepsia, and anorexia.
What symptoms are associated with chronic gastritis? - Vague epigastric pain relieved by
food, anorexia, nausea or vomiting, intolerance of fatty and spicy foods, and pernicious anemia.
What is the gold standard for diagnosing gastritis? - Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
with biopsy.
What is the purpose of performing a biopsy during EGD for gastritis diagnosis? - To
establish a definitive diagnosis of the type of gastritis and to rule out gastric cancer.
What testing can detect H. pylori infection during gastritis diagnosis? - Rapid urease
testing on biopsy specimens.
What is the typical treatment approach for acute gastritis? - Symptomatic and supportive
treatment, as healing is usually spontaneous.
What may be necessary for patients with severe bleeding due to gastritis? - Blood
transfusion and fluid replacement.
What surgical procedures may be needed for patients with major bleeding or ulceration in
gastritis? - Partial gastrectomy, pyloroplasty, and/or vagotomy.
What is the usual duration for symptoms of acute gastritis? - Symptoms last only a few
hours or days.
What can cause rapid onset gastritis symptoms? - Gastritis or food poisoning caused by
endotoxins, such as staphylococcal endotoxin.
What is a common outcome when the cause of gastritis is removed? - Pain and
discomfort usually subside.
, What are the symptoms of chronic gastritis when ulceration occurs? - Nausea, vomiting,
or upper abdominal discomfort.
What is the significance of discontinuing antacids before H. pylori testing? - The results of
the tests are more reliable if antacids are discontinued for at least a week.
What is the primary treatment approach for gastritis? - Eliminating causative factors,
such as H. pylori infection, and treating underlying diseases.
What medications are typically prescribed to block gastric acid secretions in acute gastritis? -
H2-receptor antagonists like famotidine (Pepcid) and nizatidine (Axid).
What is the role of sucralfate in the treatment of gastritis? - Sucralfate (Carafate,
Sulcrate) is a mucosal barrier fortifier that may be prescribed.
What are common antacids used as buffering agents for gastritis? - Aluminum hydroxide
combined with magnesium hydroxide (Maalox) and aluminum hydroxide combined with
simethicone and magnesium hydroxide (Mylanta).
What class of drugs do proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) belong to, and what is their purpose? -
PPIs, such as omeprazole (Prilosec) and pantoprazole (Protonix), suppress gastric acid
secretion.
What should patients monitor for when taking medications for gastritis? - Symptom relief
and side effects, and notify the healthcare provider of any adverse effects or worsening gastric
distress.
What dietary recommendations are given to patients with gastritis? - Limit intake of
irritating foods and spices, such as caffeine, high acid foods, and heavily seasoned dishes.
What lifestyle habits should be avoided by patients with gastritis? - Alcohol and tobacco
should be avoided.
What complementary therapies are commonly used for gastritis and peptic ulcer disease? -
Herbs like cranberry, DGL, ginger, probiotics, slippery elm, and vitamins like Vitamin C.
What is the supportive care plan for acute gastritis? - Rest, NPO status, IV fluids, and
antiemetics if vomiting occurs.
What is the purpose of using an NG tube in severe cases of acute gastritis? - To monitor
for bleeding, lavage the stomach, or keep the stomach empty.
