DIDACTIC PRE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
The pedicle screw's end trajectory is:
- the body of the vertebra
- the disc
- to fuse the facet
- the lamina - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√the body of the vertebra
What structure separates motor and sensory functional regions?
a. Sagittal sinus
b. Sylvian fissure
c. Post central sulcus
d. Central sulcus - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√central sulcus
1.) When ________ outweigh IPSP stimulation a neuronal action potential can occur.
a. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
b. Nerve threshold
c. Temporal summations
d. Excitatory presynaptic thresholds - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√excitatory postsynaptic potentials
Which statement is true in determining artifact in EMGs?
a. If single spike activity appears synchronously in all channels, its artifact
b. Frequency analysis can usually determine if its real or artifactual activity
c. Altering the sweep window can help determine artifact
d. A and C - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√A and C
What is an example of anesthesia effect?
a. Decrease in SSEP amplitude of all waveforms and decrease in TcMEP amplitudes
b. Lower SSEP increase in latency and decrease in amplitude, loss of EMG responses and increased
TcMEP latency
,c. Upper and lower decrease in latency and amplitude and loss of TcMEP
d. Upper and lower decrease in cortical SSEP amplitudes and loss of TcMEP - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√d.
Upper and lower decrease in cortical SSEP amplitudes and loss of TcMEP
What tissues are primarily represented by the lower trace peaks?
a. Medial lemniscus and thalamus
b. Posterior entry zone and dorsal column tracts
c. Mesial thalamus and pre-central gyrus
d. Thoracic and cervical spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Medial lemniscus and thalamus
What is important about monitoring an anterior posterior spinal surgery?
a. Pre and post flip baselines to determine if positioning or repositioning have damaged the cord
b. Adequate stimulation of the anterior screws before cage insertion
c. Watching for positioning effect from posterior rod placement
d. A and C - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Pre and post flip baselines to determine if positioning or
repositioning have damaged the cord
During a T2-T10 scoliosis surgery, what region and function are at risk?
a. Thoracic watershed and lower limb motor and/or sensory loss
b. Central cord injury and motor and sensory loss at the level
c. Anterior hemicord injury and upper and lower limb motor loss
d. Cervical and thoracic posterior spine perfusion territory and bilateral upper and lower limb sensory -
CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Thoracic watershed and lower limb motor and/or sensory loss
During an ACDF surgery what region and function are at greatest risk?
a. Cervical cord disjunction
b. Anterior or central cord injury and loss of motor function
c. Upper thoracic watershed injury and loss of motor and sensory function below the level
d. Hemicord injury with loss of bilateral motor and sensory function below the level but with sacral
sparing - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Anterior or central cord injury and loss of motor function
, What do capacitors do?
a. Insulate against current
b. Increase resistance within a system
c. Generate current
d. Store electrical energy - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Store electrical energy
CP4 is the recording site for?
a. Right ulnar nerve
b. Left median nerve
c. Right median nerve
d. Left posterior tibial nerve - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Left median nerve
What is kyphosis?
a. Exaggeration of the posterior concavity of the lumbar column
b. Exaggeration of the anterior concavity of the lumbar column
c. Exaggeration of the lateral flexion of the spinal column
d. Exaggeration of the posterior convexity of the thoracic column - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Exaggeration
of the posterior convexity of the thoracic column
1.) What is the most caudal region of the brainstem?
a. Pons
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla
d. Thalamus - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Medulla
What parameters can create phase lead and lag?
a. Filters
b. Stimulation frequency
The pedicle screw's end trajectory is:
- the body of the vertebra
- the disc
- to fuse the facet
- the lamina - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√the body of the vertebra
What structure separates motor and sensory functional regions?
a. Sagittal sinus
b. Sylvian fissure
c. Post central sulcus
d. Central sulcus - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√central sulcus
1.) When ________ outweigh IPSP stimulation a neuronal action potential can occur.
a. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
b. Nerve threshold
c. Temporal summations
d. Excitatory presynaptic thresholds - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√excitatory postsynaptic potentials
Which statement is true in determining artifact in EMGs?
a. If single spike activity appears synchronously in all channels, its artifact
b. Frequency analysis can usually determine if its real or artifactual activity
c. Altering the sweep window can help determine artifact
d. A and C - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√A and C
What is an example of anesthesia effect?
a. Decrease in SSEP amplitude of all waveforms and decrease in TcMEP amplitudes
b. Lower SSEP increase in latency and decrease in amplitude, loss of EMG responses and increased
TcMEP latency
,c. Upper and lower decrease in latency and amplitude and loss of TcMEP
d. Upper and lower decrease in cortical SSEP amplitudes and loss of TcMEP - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√d.
Upper and lower decrease in cortical SSEP amplitudes and loss of TcMEP
What tissues are primarily represented by the lower trace peaks?
a. Medial lemniscus and thalamus
b. Posterior entry zone and dorsal column tracts
c. Mesial thalamus and pre-central gyrus
d. Thoracic and cervical spinal cord - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Medial lemniscus and thalamus
What is important about monitoring an anterior posterior spinal surgery?
a. Pre and post flip baselines to determine if positioning or repositioning have damaged the cord
b. Adequate stimulation of the anterior screws before cage insertion
c. Watching for positioning effect from posterior rod placement
d. A and C - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Pre and post flip baselines to determine if positioning or
repositioning have damaged the cord
During a T2-T10 scoliosis surgery, what region and function are at risk?
a. Thoracic watershed and lower limb motor and/or sensory loss
b. Central cord injury and motor and sensory loss at the level
c. Anterior hemicord injury and upper and lower limb motor loss
d. Cervical and thoracic posterior spine perfusion territory and bilateral upper and lower limb sensory -
CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Thoracic watershed and lower limb motor and/or sensory loss
During an ACDF surgery what region and function are at greatest risk?
a. Cervical cord disjunction
b. Anterior or central cord injury and loss of motor function
c. Upper thoracic watershed injury and loss of motor and sensory function below the level
d. Hemicord injury with loss of bilateral motor and sensory function below the level but with sacral
sparing - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Anterior or central cord injury and loss of motor function
, What do capacitors do?
a. Insulate against current
b. Increase resistance within a system
c. Generate current
d. Store electrical energy - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Store electrical energy
CP4 is the recording site for?
a. Right ulnar nerve
b. Left median nerve
c. Right median nerve
d. Left posterior tibial nerve - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Left median nerve
What is kyphosis?
a. Exaggeration of the posterior concavity of the lumbar column
b. Exaggeration of the anterior concavity of the lumbar column
c. Exaggeration of the lateral flexion of the spinal column
d. Exaggeration of the posterior convexity of the thoracic column - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Exaggeration
of the posterior convexity of the thoracic column
1.) What is the most caudal region of the brainstem?
a. Pons
b. Cerebellum
c. Medulla
d. Thalamus - CORRECT ANSWERS√√√Medulla
What parameters can create phase lead and lag?
a. Filters
b. Stimulation frequency
