NYSTCE Visual Arts 167: Artistic
Processes & Materials 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
Origins of drawing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-first was created on cave walls as early
as 10,000 B.C.
-by Egyptians starting in 3,000 B.C.
-originally used to express ideas and scenes in cave paintings
-In the Middle Ages, drawings were mainly completed on animal skins,
wood, wax, or slate
Drawing in the Renaissance Era - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-became more widely
used due to availability of paper
-artists would learn to draw before painting or sculpting
-used to study and record nature and anatomy
-artists used pen and ink, as well as black and red charcoal
1
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Charcoal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔an early drawing material made from slowly
burned wood. Charcoal was used for cave drawings, when burnt sticks
were rubbed on cave walls
Red chalk - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay
-popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, and Leonardo da Vinci used it for
many sketches
Black chalk - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-carbonaceous shale, and it is softer than red
chalk
-used in 15th-century Italy for underdrawings for ink or metal point artwork
-Albrecht Dürer and Anthony van Dyck used black chalk for portraits
White chalk - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-calcium carbonate or soapstone
-used for highlights on drawings
Conté crayons - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-developed in the early 1800s
-made in red, black, and white
-harder than chalk and produce smoother lines
Ink - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-liquid pigment that can be used with a pen or a brush
2
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,-commonly used for writing
Pens - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-first made with bird feathers (quills) and reeds, and
later they were created with metal tips
Pencils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-made from graphite encased in wood
-available in a range of hardnesses, from 10H to 10B
-10B pencil has the softest lead, and it will wear down quickly, leaving the
darkest mark on the paper
-in the middle are F and HB, which are a medium hardness and darkness
Mahlstick - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔stick with a padded head used to rest and
support your hand to keep it steady while drawing or painting
Kneaded rubber eraser - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔can be manipulated and rolled into
smaller sizes to erase small areas, and it will not leave eraser crumbs
behind
Gum eraser - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-yellowish and will crumble quickly
-best for larger areas
Pink eraser - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-firmer and more precise, but it will still leave
crumbs on the paper
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Parchment - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-commonly used drawing surface used in the
Middle Ages
-animal skin
Paper - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-first created in A.D. 105 in China
-wasn't widely used as a drawing material until it was produced more
quickly and more inexpensively in the 1800s
-comes in hot-pressed and cold-pressed surfaces
-Hot-pressed paper will be smooth, whereas cold-pressed paper will have a
texture
-A smooth surface will allow for greater detail and better control of pencil
marks, whereas a rough surface is better suited for looser drawing and
sketching or for a drawing with a rough texture
Archival (paper) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔acid-free, doesn't yellow or deteriorate
over time. should be used for finished drawings, whereas any paper can be
used for preliminary sketches
Hatching - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-technique that uses closely placed parallel lines
to create shading and tones
4
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Processes & Materials 2025/2026 Exam
Questions and Answers | 100% Pass
Origins of drawing - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-first was created on cave walls as early
as 10,000 B.C.
-by Egyptians starting in 3,000 B.C.
-originally used to express ideas and scenes in cave paintings
-In the Middle Ages, drawings were mainly completed on animal skins,
wood, wax, or slate
Drawing in the Renaissance Era - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-became more widely
used due to availability of paper
-artists would learn to draw before painting or sculpting
-used to study and record nature and anatomy
-artists used pen and ink, as well as black and red charcoal
1
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,Charcoal - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔an early drawing material made from slowly
burned wood. Charcoal was used for cave drawings, when burnt sticks
were rubbed on cave walls
Red chalk - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-made from iron oxide pigment and refined clay
-popular in the 16th and 17th centuries, and Leonardo da Vinci used it for
many sketches
Black chalk - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-carbonaceous shale, and it is softer than red
chalk
-used in 15th-century Italy for underdrawings for ink or metal point artwork
-Albrecht Dürer and Anthony van Dyck used black chalk for portraits
White chalk - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-calcium carbonate or soapstone
-used for highlights on drawings
Conté crayons - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-developed in the early 1800s
-made in red, black, and white
-harder than chalk and produce smoother lines
Ink - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-liquid pigment that can be used with a pen or a brush
2
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,-commonly used for writing
Pens - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-first made with bird feathers (quills) and reeds, and
later they were created with metal tips
Pencils - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-made from graphite encased in wood
-available in a range of hardnesses, from 10H to 10B
-10B pencil has the softest lead, and it will wear down quickly, leaving the
darkest mark on the paper
-in the middle are F and HB, which are a medium hardness and darkness
Mahlstick - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔stick with a padded head used to rest and
support your hand to keep it steady while drawing or painting
Kneaded rubber eraser - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔can be manipulated and rolled into
smaller sizes to erase small areas, and it will not leave eraser crumbs
behind
Gum eraser - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-yellowish and will crumble quickly
-best for larger areas
Pink eraser - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-firmer and more precise, but it will still leave
crumbs on the paper
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, Parchment - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-commonly used drawing surface used in the
Middle Ages
-animal skin
Paper - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-first created in A.D. 105 in China
-wasn't widely used as a drawing material until it was produced more
quickly and more inexpensively in the 1800s
-comes in hot-pressed and cold-pressed surfaces
-Hot-pressed paper will be smooth, whereas cold-pressed paper will have a
texture
-A smooth surface will allow for greater detail and better control of pencil
marks, whereas a rough surface is better suited for looser drawing and
sketching or for a drawing with a rough texture
Archival (paper) - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔acid-free, doesn't yellow or deteriorate
over time. should be used for finished drawings, whereas any paper can be
used for preliminary sketches
Hatching - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-technique that uses closely placed parallel lines
to create shading and tones
4
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
