1
NURS 5315 Final Exam Questions & Answers Latest
Update 100% Solved.
A patient in respiratory distress and is A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating and blowing
breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which off CO2; therefore, the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will most likely
ABG value is consisten t with the clinical experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not
scenario? consistent with this diagnosis.
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100%
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L b. The cause of neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is
and is disoriented and lethargic. Which directly related to fluid shifting in to or ou t of the neurons of the brain. Wi th a
pathological process best explains this serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into the neurons and causes them to
patient's symptoms? swell. Hypernatremia causes water to shift out of the cell into the intravascular
a. The action potential has become space and causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in the ac tion
hyperpolarized. potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and
caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular
space and dehydrated the neurons.
d. The action potential has become
hypopolarized.
A patient experiencing dehydration a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of dehydration. An elevated serum
should be monitored for which osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space from the intracellular
electrolyte imbalance? space and cause a rise in serum potassium.
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia
Page 1 of 13
, 2
A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell nucleus which is
made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes
are separated into two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set
of chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell division. This
process is responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the daughter cells.
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of
chromosomes is the pair which contains the genetic information for gender. This
pair contains the genetic information which delineates between the male and
female genders. Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY
chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous. This means
they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender. Autosomal genetic
diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are
only carried on the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are
nearly identical to one another and are considered homologous to one another.
Each autosomal chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes
are known as alleles. The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the
chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or physiologic function.
Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be dominant and the other
recessive, or they both may be dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles'
A married couple presents to your office
genetic code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The information in
for genetic counseling. The husband has
the recessive allele is typically not expressed in the phenotype unless both alleles
an autosomal recessive disease and his
are recessive. For the purpose of clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a
wife has a heterozygous genotype for the
capital letter and the recessive gene is assigned a lower case letter. Any letter is
disease. They ask you, What is the chance
okay to use but make sure you use the same letter for the genotype - for example,
that our baby will have the disease?
"Bb or aa." The term homozygous refers to a pair of alleles which are either both
Which of the following answers is
dominant or recessive. For example, "BB or bb" are said to be homozygous
correct?
because the alleles are either both dominant or recessive. An allele pair in which
25%
one is dominant and one is recessive is said to be heterozygous. In autosomal
50%
recessive disorders both alleles on the chromosome are affected by the genetic
75%
aberration. If only one recessive gene is affected by the genetic aberration then
100%
the person is said to be a carrier and will not have the phenotypic expression of
the disease. The healthy, recessive allele will compensate for the allele which is
affected by the genetic aberration. The carrier can pass the trait but does not
have the genetic disease. In an autosomal dominant disorder the dominant gene is
the only gene that has to be affected by the genetic aberration in order to have
the phenotypic expression of the disease. A healthy recessive allele cannot
compensate for a diseased dominant allele. In order to answer this question one
must understand the above information and draw a Punnett Square.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease which means his genotype must
be aa. The wife has a heterozygous genotype for the disease which means her
genotype is Aa. The capital A reflects a healthy gene so she is merely a carrier and
does not express the disease phenotype. The father's genotype is written across
the top line and the mother's genotype is written in the boxes to the left. The four
boxes in the middle are the possible genotypes of their offspring. Each box
represents a 25% chance for the offspring to have that particular genotype. The
question asks you to determine the chances the offspring will have the autosomal
recessive disease or in other words, express the phenotype for the disease. The
genotype which will result in the disease is "aa." Therefore, there is a 50% chance
that their offspring will have the autosomal recessive disease.
Page 2 of 13
NURS 5315 Final Exam Questions & Answers Latest
Update 100% Solved.
A patient in respiratory distress and is A patient who is breathing 33 breaths per minute is hyperventilating and blowing
breathing 33 breaths per minute. Which off CO2; therefore, the PCO2 level will be low. The patient will most likely
ABG value is consisten t with the clinical experience a respiratory alkalosis and the two pH values provided are not
scenario? consistent with this diagnosis.
PCO2 15
pH 7.30
pH 7.45
O2 sat 100%
A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L b. The cause of neurologic symptoms associated with a sodium imbalance is
and is disoriented and lethargic. Which directly related to fluid shifting in to or ou t of the neurons of the brain. Wi th a
pathological process best explains this serum sodium of 115 mEq/L, water shifts into the neurons and causes them to
patient's symptoms? swell. Hypernatremia causes water to shift out of the cell into the intravascular
a. The action potential has become space and causes the neurons to become dehydrated. An alteration in the ac tion
hyperpolarized. potential is not seen with sodium imbalances.
b. Water has shifted into the neurons and
caused them to swell.
c. Water has shifted into the vascular
space and dehydrated the neurons.
d. The action potential has become
hypopolarized.
A patient experiencing dehydration a. Serum osmolality is increased during times of dehydration. An elevated serum
should be monitored for which osmolality will pull potassium into the intravascular space from the intracellular
electrolyte imbalance? space and cause a rise in serum potassium.
a. Hyperkalemia
b. Hypocalcemia
c. Hypercalcemia
d. Hyponatermia
Page 1 of 13
, 2
A chromosome is a package of material located inside the cell nucleus which is
made of proteins and a single molecule of DNA. There are 23 pairs of
chromosomes in each human cell for a total of 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes
are separated into two identical sets during mitosis or meiosis. This provides a set
of chromosomes to each daughter cell which results from cell division. This
process is responsible for the transfer of genetic information to the daughter cells.
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are known as autosomes. The 23rd pair of
chromosomes is the pair which contains the genetic information for gender. This
pair contains the genetic information which delineates between the male and
female genders. Females have two X chromosomes (XX) and males have an XY
chromosome pair. Autosomal chromosomes are said to be autologous. This means
they do not carry genetic information pertaining to gender. Autosomal genetic
diseases are carried on the first 22 pairs of chromosomes. Sex-linked diseases are
only carried on the 23rd pair of chromosomes. The autosomal chromosomes are
nearly identical to one another and are considered homologous to one another.
Each autosomal chromosome in a pair carries identical genes. These two genes
are known as alleles. The alleles occupy the same site on each partner of the
chromosome pair and code for the same genetic trait or physiologic function.
Alleles can be dominant or recessive. One allele may be dominant and the other
recessive, or they both may be dominant or both recessive. The dominant alleles'
A married couple presents to your office
genetic code will always manifest in the individual's phenotype. The information in
for genetic counseling. The husband has
the recessive allele is typically not expressed in the phenotype unless both alleles
an autosomal recessive disease and his
are recessive. For the purpose of clarity in use, the dominant gene is assigned a
wife has a heterozygous genotype for the
capital letter and the recessive gene is assigned a lower case letter. Any letter is
disease. They ask you, What is the chance
okay to use but make sure you use the same letter for the genotype - for example,
that our baby will have the disease?
"Bb or aa." The term homozygous refers to a pair of alleles which are either both
Which of the following answers is
dominant or recessive. For example, "BB or bb" are said to be homozygous
correct?
because the alleles are either both dominant or recessive. An allele pair in which
25%
one is dominant and one is recessive is said to be heterozygous. In autosomal
50%
recessive disorders both alleles on the chromosome are affected by the genetic
75%
aberration. If only one recessive gene is affected by the genetic aberration then
100%
the person is said to be a carrier and will not have the phenotypic expression of
the disease. The healthy, recessive allele will compensate for the allele which is
affected by the genetic aberration. The carrier can pass the trait but does not
have the genetic disease. In an autosomal dominant disorder the dominant gene is
the only gene that has to be affected by the genetic aberration in order to have
the phenotypic expression of the disease. A healthy recessive allele cannot
compensate for a diseased dominant allele. In order to answer this question one
must understand the above information and draw a Punnett Square.
The husband has an autosomal recessive disease which means his genotype must
be aa. The wife has a heterozygous genotype for the disease which means her
genotype is Aa. The capital A reflects a healthy gene so she is merely a carrier and
does not express the disease phenotype. The father's genotype is written across
the top line and the mother's genotype is written in the boxes to the left. The four
boxes in the middle are the possible genotypes of their offspring. Each box
represents a 25% chance for the offspring to have that particular genotype. The
question asks you to determine the chances the offspring will have the autosomal
recessive disease or in other words, express the phenotype for the disease. The
genotype which will result in the disease is "aa." Therefore, there is a 50% chance
that their offspring will have the autosomal recessive disease.
Page 2 of 13
