2024 AQA AS HISTORY 7041/1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204 Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149 Verified Question paper and Marking Scheme Attached

2024 AQA AS HISTORY 7041/1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204 Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149 Verified Question paper and Marking Scheme Attached HISTORY The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204 Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149 Wednesday 15 May 2024 Materials For this paper you must have: • an AQA 16-page answer book. Instructions • Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Afternoon Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes • Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Paper Reference is 7041/1A. • Answer two questions. In Section A answer Question 01. In Section B answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Information • The marks for questions are shown in brackets. • The maximum mark for this paper is 50. • You will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. Advice • You are advised to spend about: – 50 minutes on Section A – 40 minutes on Section B. 2 Section A Answer Question 01. Extract A In the late summer of 1071, the Seljuk forces of Alp-Arslan met the Byzantine army at Manzikert and inflicted on it a bloody and disastrous defeat. Two years later the well-planned invasion and occupation of Anatolia by the Seljuks began. There was little opposition. Within less than a decade nearly all of that prosperous and fertile region was under the control of the Seljuks. Nor was this the only Byzantine loss. The treasury was empty. The navy had ceased to exist. Trade was at a standstill. The currency was ruined. History has few examples to show of a collapse so sudden and so complete as this. Adapted from RJH Jenkins, The Byzantine Empire on the Eve of the Crusades, 1968 5 Extract B The Byzantine army does not seem to have suffered heavy casualties at Manzikert. The army commanders were able to escape with most of their troops. As a result of the battle, the Byzantines lost little or no territory, yet Manzikert confirmed Seljuk dominance. The defeat at Manzikert has always been taken as one of the turning points of Byzantine history, yet there was nothing in the defeat which pointed to the swift conquest of Anatolia by the Seljuks, which followed. The defeat is not therefore a satisfactory explanation of the fall of Anatolia. It is altogether more complicated than that; by their victory at Manzikert the Seljuks were given the opportunity to exploit the political weaknesses of the Byzantine Empire. Adapted from M Angold, The Byzantine Empire 1025–1204, 1997 5 0 1 With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of the impact of the Battle of Manzikert on the Byzantine Empire? [25 marks] IB/M/Jun24/7041/1A 3 Section B Answer either Question 02 or Question 03. Either 0 2 ‘In the years 1099 to 1131, the leadership of Baldwin II was more important than that of Baldwin I in consolidating the position of the Latin Christians in the Near East.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] or 0 3 ‘Damascus was the greatest threat to the Crusader States in the years 1131 to 1148.’ Explain why you agree or disagree with this view. [25 marks] END OF QUESTIONS IB/M/Jun24/7041/1A 4 There are no questions printed on this page Copyright information For confidentiality purposes, all acknowledgements of third-party copyright material are published in a separate booklet. This booklet is published after each live examination series and is available for free download from Permission to reproduce all copyright material has been applied for. In some cases, efforts to contact copyright-holders may have been unsuccessful and AQA will be happy to rectify any omissions of acknowledgements. If you have any queries please contact the Copyright Team. Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. IB/M/Jun24/7041/1A AS HISTORY 7041/1A The Age of the Crusades, c1071–1204 Component 1A The Crusader states and Outremer, c1071–1149 Mark scheme June 2024 Version: 1.0 Final MARK SCHEME – AS HISTORY – 7041/1A – JUNE 2024 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from Copyright information AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Copyright © 2024 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. 2 MARK SCHEME – AS HISTORY – 7041/1A – JUNE 2024 Level of response marking instructions Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level. Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme. Step 1 Determine a level Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With practice and familiarity, you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the lower levels of the mark scheme. When assigning a level, you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within the level, ie if the response is predominantly Level 3 with a small amount of Level 4 material it would be placed in Level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the Level 4 content. Step 2 Determine a mark Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example. You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate. Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points mentioned in the Indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme. An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks. 3 MARK SCHEME – AS HISTORY – 7041/1A – JUNE 2024 Section A 0 1 With reference to these extracts and your understanding of the historical context, which of these two extracts provides the more convincing interpretation of the impact of the Battle of Manzikert on the Byzantine Empire? [25 marks] Target: AO3 Analyse and evaluate, in relation to the historical context, different ways in which aspects of the past have been interpreted. Generic Mark Scheme L5: L4: Answers will display a good understanding of the interpretations given in the extracts. They will evaluate the extracts thoroughly in order to provide a well-substantiated judgement on which offers the more convincing interpretation. The response demonstrates a very good understanding of context. 21–25 Answers will display a good understanding of the interpretations given in the extracts. There will be sufficient comment to provide a supported conclusion as to which offers the more convincing interpretation. However, not all comments will be well-substantiated, and judgements may be limited. The response demonstrates a good understanding of context. 16–20 L3: L2: L1: The answer will show a reasonable understanding of the interpretations given in the extracts. Comments as to which offers the more convincing interpretation will be partial and/or thinly supported. The response demonstrates an understanding of context. 11–15 The answer will show some partial understanding of the interpretations given in the extracts. There will be some undeveloped comment in relation to the question. The response demonstrates some understanding of context. 6–10 The answer will show a little understanding of the interpretations given in the extracts. There will be only unsupported, vague or generalist comment in relation to the question. The response demonstrates limited understanding of context. 1–5 Nothing worthy of credit. 0 4 MARK SCHEME – AS HISTORY – 7041/1A – JUNE 2024 Indicative content Note: This content is not prescriptive and students are not obliged to refer to the material contained in this mark scheme. Any legitimate answer will be assessed on its merits according to the generic levels scheme. Students must assess the extent to which the interpretations are convincing by drawing on contextual knowledge to corroborate and challenge the interpretations/arguments/views. In their identification of the argument in Extract A, students may refer to the following: • the Battle of Manzikert had a very negative impact on the Byzantine Empire in a number of ways • the Byzantine military was significantly weakened due to th