APEA 3P 2025 LATEST UPDATED COMPLETE
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
Comprehensive Physical Examination Review
I. Musculoskeletal System
A. Joint Palpation and Assessment
Metacarpophalangeal Joint Groove: The groove of this joint can be
palpated by having the patient flex their hand and spread their fingers.
B. Ankle and Foot Examination
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI): This screening test assesses the risk for
***Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)***.
Walking on Toes and Heels: This maneuver may reveal distal muscular
weakness in the legs.
Ankle Extension: Pointing the foot toward the ceiling assesses ankle
extension.
C. Knee Examination
Patellar Pain and Crepitus: Suggests roughening of the patellar
undersurface.
Swelling Above and Adjacent to Patella: May indicate synovial
thickening over the knee joint.
Medial Meniscus Palpation: Palpate the medial soft tissue along the upper
edge of the tibial plateau while slightly internally rotating the tibia.
Trochlear Groove: The patella slides on this groove, located on the anterior
aspect of the distal femur, during knee flexion and extension.
Negative Infrapatellar Space: These are the concavities noted on each
side and above the patella.
Patellar Tendon Insertion: This tendon inserts distally on the tibial
tuberosity.
D. Elbow Examination
Lateral Epicondylitis: Pain when trying to extend the wrist against
resistance is consistent with lateral epicondylitis.
, Elbow Extension: Straightening the elbow demonstrates extension.
Supination: Turning the palm upward is an example of supination.
E. Shoulder Examination
Scapulohumeral Muscle Group Tenderness: Tenderness with inability to
abduct the arm over shoulder level may indicate various conditions except
synovitis of the glenohumeral joint.
Shoulder Girdle Flexion: Moving the arm in front of the body is an
example of flexion of the shoulder girdle.
Acromion Process: This is the extension of the spine of the scapula
located at the highest point of the shoulder.
Bony Structures: The bony structures of the shoulder include the humerus,
clavicle, and scapula; teres minor is a muscle, not a bony structure.
F. Hip Examination
Focal Tenderness Over Trochanter: Confirms bursitis.
Restrictions of Hip Rotation: Limitations in internal and external rotation
are sensitive indicators of arthritis.
G. Spine Examination
Twelfth Rib Location: Palpate between the spine and lateral chest to
locate the twelfth rib.
Thoracic Kyphosis: A "hump" appearance of the upper back suggests
thoracic kyphosis.
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine: This is the area where the iliac crest
terminates anteriorly on the ilium.
Lumbosacral Junction: The vertebral column angles sharply posteriorly
and becomes immovable at the lumbosacral junction.
Spondylolisthesis: The forward slippage of one vertebra resulting in
spinal cord compression.
Unequal Iliac Crest Heights: May suggest unequal leg lengths.
Cervical Rotation Assessment: Instructing the patient to look over one
shoulder, then the other, assesses cervical rotation.
Cervical Myelopathy: Physical signs include neck flexion with resulting
sensation of electrical shock radiating down the spine.
H. Muscular System
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
Comprehensive Physical Examination Review
I. Musculoskeletal System
A. Joint Palpation and Assessment
Metacarpophalangeal Joint Groove: The groove of this joint can be
palpated by having the patient flex their hand and spread their fingers.
B. Ankle and Foot Examination
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI): This screening test assesses the risk for
***Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)***.
Walking on Toes and Heels: This maneuver may reveal distal muscular
weakness in the legs.
Ankle Extension: Pointing the foot toward the ceiling assesses ankle
extension.
C. Knee Examination
Patellar Pain and Crepitus: Suggests roughening of the patellar
undersurface.
Swelling Above and Adjacent to Patella: May indicate synovial
thickening over the knee joint.
Medial Meniscus Palpation: Palpate the medial soft tissue along the upper
edge of the tibial plateau while slightly internally rotating the tibia.
Trochlear Groove: The patella slides on this groove, located on the anterior
aspect of the distal femur, during knee flexion and extension.
Negative Infrapatellar Space: These are the concavities noted on each
side and above the patella.
Patellar Tendon Insertion: This tendon inserts distally on the tibial
tuberosity.
D. Elbow Examination
Lateral Epicondylitis: Pain when trying to extend the wrist against
resistance is consistent with lateral epicondylitis.
, Elbow Extension: Straightening the elbow demonstrates extension.
Supination: Turning the palm upward is an example of supination.
E. Shoulder Examination
Scapulohumeral Muscle Group Tenderness: Tenderness with inability to
abduct the arm over shoulder level may indicate various conditions except
synovitis of the glenohumeral joint.
Shoulder Girdle Flexion: Moving the arm in front of the body is an
example of flexion of the shoulder girdle.
Acromion Process: This is the extension of the spine of the scapula
located at the highest point of the shoulder.
Bony Structures: The bony structures of the shoulder include the humerus,
clavicle, and scapula; teres minor is a muscle, not a bony structure.
F. Hip Examination
Focal Tenderness Over Trochanter: Confirms bursitis.
Restrictions of Hip Rotation: Limitations in internal and external rotation
are sensitive indicators of arthritis.
G. Spine Examination
Twelfth Rib Location: Palpate between the spine and lateral chest to
locate the twelfth rib.
Thoracic Kyphosis: A "hump" appearance of the upper back suggests
thoracic kyphosis.
Anterior Superior Iliac Spine: This is the area where the iliac crest
terminates anteriorly on the ilium.
Lumbosacral Junction: The vertebral column angles sharply posteriorly
and becomes immovable at the lumbosacral junction.
Spondylolisthesis: The forward slippage of one vertebra resulting in
spinal cord compression.
Unequal Iliac Crest Heights: May suggest unequal leg lengths.
Cervical Rotation Assessment: Instructing the patient to look over one
shoulder, then the other, assesses cervical rotation.
Cervical Myelopathy: Physical signs include neck flexion with resulting
sensation of electrical shock radiating down the spine.
H. Muscular System
