Chronic Kidney Disease NCLEX Questions
with correct answers
Is a process of learning a different culture to adapt to a new or changing environment.
✔✔Acculturation.
It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to a
group ✔✔Ethnic identity
Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage, touch,
laughter, humor, & spiritual measures (prayer). ✔✔Low-risk therapies:
Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans,
Hispanic Americans, & African Americans. ✔✔High risk of obesity & diabetes mellitus
Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is
forbidden. This religious group believes the soul cannot live after death. Administration
of medication is an acceptable practice except if the medication is derived from blood
products. ✔✔Jehovah's Witnesses
Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat combination is
unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed; meats that are allowed
include animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed, and ritually slaughtered.
✔✔Orthodox Judaism
include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based practices,
manipulative & body-based practices, & energy medicine. ✔✔Five categories of
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):
Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems.
Dominates group & commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager
addresses problem (quality improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input, &
wants all problems reported directly back to her ✔✔Autocratic leader
Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to determine staff
member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff about any issues &
ask the staff for input with developing a plan. ✔✔Democratic leader
Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that the staff
needed to come up with a plan to "fix it." ✔✔Laissez-faire leader
Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia,
elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck &
,hand vein distention, altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit. ✔✔Overhydration or fluid
overload & occurs when fluid intake or fluid retention
Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork,
beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes ✔✔Common food sources of
potassium:
Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the urine
would be noted ✔✔Hyponatremia
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum hydroxide-
based or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with alcoholism.
✔✔Hypophosphatemia
Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative factors.
Should avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products, vegetables, whole
grains, & carbonated beverages. ✔✔Hyperphosphatemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary output,
insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of ileostomy or
colostomy. Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning. ✔✔Causes of a fluid volume deficit
Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid losses,
excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion of sodium.
✔✔Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis. ✔✔Hyperkalemia causes:
Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives. ✔✔Hypokalemia causes:
Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic ketoacidosis;
high fat diet; insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates; malnutrition; ingestion of toxins,
such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion
high in bicarbonate & may be lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or
diarrhea. ✔✔Metabolic acidotic
Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase. Symptoms
experienced would include hypoventilation & tachycardia. ✔✔Metabolic alkalosis
Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD ✔✔Respiratory
acidotic
Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness,
confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting,
,epigastric pain, numbness & tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea)
occurs. ✔✔Respiratory alkalotic
Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for bleeding
✔✔Warfarin (Coumadin)
aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis. Monitors
extent of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure heparin effect.
Protamine sulfate is antidote. ✔✔Heparin
Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of vitamin C,
which enhances iron absorption. ✔✔Iron deficiency anemia foods in diet:
May lack B12 in diet. ✔✔Vegans
Include fruits & vegetables ✔✔Low sodium foods:
Highly processed or refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal), Saltwater fish &
shellfish. Smoked foods, ✔✔High Sodium foods:
Water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice
pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. ✔✔Clear liquid diet:
Pulling, Vegetable juice, Pureed vegetables, plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks,
milk, pudding & custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, & strained
vegetable juices. ✔✔Full liquid diet:
Pork products rich in this vitamin. Other good food sources include nuts, whole grain
cereals, & legumes. ✔✔High Thiamine foods
On the left side, with the head lower than the feet. This position used to minimize effect
of air traveling as a bolus to lungs by trapping it in right side of heart. ✔✔Suspects air
embolism. Should immediately place client in which position?
Assess for known allergies to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis. ✔✔Fat emulsion (lipids)
Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, restlessness, confusion, weakness, Kussmaul's
respirations, diuresis, & coma when severe. If has these symptoms, blood glucose level
should be checked immediately. ✔✔Hyperglycemia:
Temperature and weight: Temperature monitored to detect infection, potential
complication of therapy. Infection also could result in sepsis becaus e catheter in blood
vessel. Weight monitored for effectiveness nutritional therapy & detect hypervolemia.
✔✔Parenteral nutrition; PN monitor
, Burns, exacerbation Crohn's disease, persistent nausea & vomiting due to
chemotherapy. Had extensive surgery, multiple fractures, are septic, have advanced
cancer or AIDS. (Electronic infusion pump used to administer) ✔✔Parenteral nutrition;
Patients needing
10% dextrose in water until new PN solution becomes available. ✔✔Parenteral nutrition;
If PN bag empty hang
IV dislodged from vein & is lying in subcutaneous tissue. Pallor, coolness, & swelling
are results of IV fluid being deposited in tissue. Corrective action is remove catheter &
start new IV line at another site. ✔✔Infiltrated IV
Discomfort at site, redness, warmth, & swelling proximal to catheter. If phlebitis occurs,
discontinue IV line & insert new IV line at different site. Apply warm moist compresses
to area speed resolution of inflammation. Notify (HCP). Document occurrence, actions
taken, & client response. ✔✔Phlebitis at IV site:
Produces a rash, redness, & itching. ✔✔An allergic reaction at IV site:
Characterized by ecchymosis, swelling, & leakage at IV insertion site, as well as hard &
painful lumps at site. ✔✔Hematoma
Dyspnea, a swollen tongue, & cyanosis. ✔✔Hypersensitivity reaction:
Taught minor activity restrictions apply with this type of catheter. Protect site during
bathing & should carry or wear Medic-Alert ID. Have repair kit in home for use as
needed because catheter is for long-term use. ✔✔PICC line
Before beginning administration IV solution, assess whether chest radiograph reveals
central catheter is in proper place. Portable chest X-ray. ✔✔Central venous catheter
insertion:
Characterized by chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, &
tachycardia. ✔✔Systemic infection
Characterized by tachycardia, dyspnea, hypotension, cyanosis, decreased LOC,
anxiety, feelings of impending doom, chest pain, & hypotension. Place left side in
Trendelenburg's position. Lying left side may prevent air from flowing into pulmonary
veins. Trendelenburg's position increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases
amount of blood pulled into vena cava during inspiration. ✔✔Air embolism
Occurs with transfusion of blood contaminated with microorganisms. Signs include
chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, & development of shock ✔✔Septicemia
with correct answers
Is a process of learning a different culture to adapt to a new or changing environment.
✔✔Acculturation.
It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to a
group ✔✔Ethnic identity
Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage, touch,
laughter, humor, & spiritual measures (prayer). ✔✔Low-risk therapies:
Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans,
Hispanic Americans, & African Americans. ✔✔High risk of obesity & diabetes mellitus
Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is
forbidden. This religious group believes the soul cannot live after death. Administration
of medication is an acceptable practice except if the medication is derived from blood
products. ✔✔Jehovah's Witnesses
Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat combination is
unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed; meats that are allowed
include animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed, and ritually slaughtered.
✔✔Orthodox Judaism
include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based practices,
manipulative & body-based practices, & energy medicine. ✔✔Five categories of
complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):
Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems.
Dominates group & commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager
addresses problem (quality improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input, &
wants all problems reported directly back to her ✔✔Autocratic leader
Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to determine staff
member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff about any issues &
ask the staff for input with developing a plan. ✔✔Democratic leader
Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that the staff
needed to come up with a plan to "fix it." ✔✔Laissez-faire leader
Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia,
elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck &
,hand vein distention, altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit. ✔✔Overhydration or fluid
overload & occurs when fluid intake or fluid retention
Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes, pork,
beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes ✔✔Common food sources of
potassium:
Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the urine
would be noted ✔✔Hyponatremia
Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum hydroxide-
based or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with alcoholism.
✔✔Hypophosphatemia
Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative factors.
Should avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products, vegetables, whole
grains, & carbonated beverages. ✔✔Hyperphosphatemia
Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary output,
insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of ileostomy or
colostomy. Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning. ✔✔Causes of a fluid volume deficit
Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic fluid losses,
excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion of sodium.
✔✔Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis. ✔✔Hyperkalemia causes:
Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives. ✔✔Hypokalemia causes:
Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic ketoacidosis;
high fat diet; insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates; malnutrition; ingestion of toxins,
such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin); malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion
high in bicarbonate & may be lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or
diarrhea. ✔✔Metabolic acidotic
Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase. Symptoms
experienced would include hypoventilation & tachycardia. ✔✔Metabolic alkalosis
Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD ✔✔Respiratory
acidotic
Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness,
confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting,
,epigastric pain, numbness & tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea)
occurs. ✔✔Respiratory alkalotic
Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for bleeding
✔✔Warfarin (Coumadin)
aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis. Monitors
extent of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure heparin effect.
Protamine sulfate is antidote. ✔✔Heparin
Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of vitamin C,
which enhances iron absorption. ✔✔Iron deficiency anemia foods in diet:
May lack B12 in diet. ✔✔Vegans
Include fruits & vegetables ✔✔Low sodium foods:
Highly processed or refined foods (tomato soup, instant oatmeal), Saltwater fish &
shellfish. Smoked foods, ✔✔High Sodium foods:
Water, bouillon, clear broth, carbonated beverages, gelatin, hard candy, lemonade, ice
pops, and regular or decaffeinated coffee or tea. ✔✔Clear liquid diet:
Pulling, Vegetable juice, Pureed vegetables, plain ice cream, sherbet, breakfast drinks,
milk, pudding & custard, soups that are strained, refined cooked cereals, & strained
vegetable juices. ✔✔Full liquid diet:
Pork products rich in this vitamin. Other good food sources include nuts, whole grain
cereals, & legumes. ✔✔High Thiamine foods
On the left side, with the head lower than the feet. This position used to minimize effect
of air traveling as a bolus to lungs by trapping it in right side of heart. ✔✔Suspects air
embolism. Should immediately place client in which position?
Assess for known allergies to eggs to prevent anaphylaxis. ✔✔Fat emulsion (lipids)
Signs include excessive thirst, fatigue, restlessness, confusion, weakness, Kussmaul's
respirations, diuresis, & coma when severe. If has these symptoms, blood glucose level
should be checked immediately. ✔✔Hyperglycemia:
Temperature and weight: Temperature monitored to detect infection, potential
complication of therapy. Infection also could result in sepsis becaus e catheter in blood
vessel. Weight monitored for effectiveness nutritional therapy & detect hypervolemia.
✔✔Parenteral nutrition; PN monitor
, Burns, exacerbation Crohn's disease, persistent nausea & vomiting due to
chemotherapy. Had extensive surgery, multiple fractures, are septic, have advanced
cancer or AIDS. (Electronic infusion pump used to administer) ✔✔Parenteral nutrition;
Patients needing
10% dextrose in water until new PN solution becomes available. ✔✔Parenteral nutrition;
If PN bag empty hang
IV dislodged from vein & is lying in subcutaneous tissue. Pallor, coolness, & swelling
are results of IV fluid being deposited in tissue. Corrective action is remove catheter &
start new IV line at another site. ✔✔Infiltrated IV
Discomfort at site, redness, warmth, & swelling proximal to catheter. If phlebitis occurs,
discontinue IV line & insert new IV line at different site. Apply warm moist compresses
to area speed resolution of inflammation. Notify (HCP). Document occurrence, actions
taken, & client response. ✔✔Phlebitis at IV site:
Produces a rash, redness, & itching. ✔✔An allergic reaction at IV site:
Characterized by ecchymosis, swelling, & leakage at IV insertion site, as well as hard &
painful lumps at site. ✔✔Hematoma
Dyspnea, a swollen tongue, & cyanosis. ✔✔Hypersensitivity reaction:
Taught minor activity restrictions apply with this type of catheter. Protect site during
bathing & should carry or wear Medic-Alert ID. Have repair kit in home for use as
needed because catheter is for long-term use. ✔✔PICC line
Before beginning administration IV solution, assess whether chest radiograph reveals
central catheter is in proper place. Portable chest X-ray. ✔✔Central venous catheter
insertion:
Characterized by chills, fever, malaise, headache, nausea, vomiting, backache, &
tachycardia. ✔✔Systemic infection
Characterized by tachycardia, dyspnea, hypotension, cyanosis, decreased LOC,
anxiety, feelings of impending doom, chest pain, & hypotension. Place left side in
Trendelenburg's position. Lying left side may prevent air from flowing into pulmonary
veins. Trendelenburg's position increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases
amount of blood pulled into vena cava during inspiration. ✔✔Air embolism
Occurs with transfusion of blood contaminated with microorganisms. Signs include
chills, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension, & development of shock ✔✔Septicemia
