Test Bank - Pilbeam’s Mechanical Ventilation-Physiological and Clinical Applications, 7th Edition (Cairo, 2020), Chapter 1-23 | All Chapters

Test Bank for Pilbeam’s
Mechanical
Ventilation, 6th
Edition, J M Cairo

,Chapterhj01:hjBasichjTermshjandhjConceptshjofhjMechanicalhjVentilation
Cairo:hjPilbeam’shjMechanicalhjVentilation:hjPhysiologicalhjandhjClinicalhjApplications,hj6
thhjEdition


MULTIPLEhjCHOIC
E

1. Thehjbody’shjmechanismhjforhjconductinghjairhjinhjandhjouthjofhjthehjlungshjishjknownhjashjwh
ichhjofhjthehjfollowing?
a. Externalhjrespiration
b. Internalhjrespiration
c. Spontaneoushjventilation
d. Mechanicalhjventilation
ANS:h j C
Thehjconductionhjofhjairhjinhjandhjouthjofhjthehjbodyhjishjknownhjashjventilation.hjSincehjthehjque
stionhjaskshjforhjthehjbody’shjmechanism,hjthishjwouldhjbehjspontaneoushjventilation.hjExternalhj
respirationhjinvolveshjthehjexchangehjofhjoxygenhj(O2)hjandhjcarbonhjdioxidehj(CO2)hjbetweenhjt
hehjalveolihjandhjthehjpulmonaryhjcapillaries.hjInternalhjrespirationhjoccurshjathjthehjcellularhjleve
lhjandhjinvolveshjmovementhjofhjoxygenhjfromhjthehjsystemichjbloodhjintohjthehjcells.

REF:h j h j pg.hj2

2. Whichhjofhjthehjfollowinghjarehjinvolvedhjinhjexternalhjrespiration?
a. Redhjbloodhjcellshjandhjbodyhjcells
b. Scaleneshjandhjtrapeziushjmuscles
c. Alveolihjandhjpulmonaryhjcapillaries
d. Externalhjobliquehjandhjtransversehjabdominalhjmuscles
ANS:h j C
Externalhjrespirationhjinvolveshjthehjexchangehjofhjoxygenhjandhjcarbonhjdioxidehj(CO2)hjbetwee
nhjthehjalveolihjandhjthehjpulmonaryhjcapillaries.hjInternalhjrespirationhjoccurshjathjthehjcellularhjl
evelhjandhjinvolveshjmovementhjofhjoxygenhjfromhjthehjsystemichjbloodhjintohjthehjcells.hjScalen
ehjandhjtrapeziushjmuscleshjarehjaccessoryhjmuscleshjofhjinspiration.hjExternalhjobliquehjandhjtra
nsversehjabdominalhjmuscleshjarehjaccessoryhjmuscleshjofhjexpiration.

REF:h j h j pg.hj2

3. Thehjgraphhjthathjshowshjintrapleuralhjpressurehjchangeshjduringhjnormalhjspontaneoushjbreat
hinghjishjdepictedhjbyhjwhichhjofhjthehjfollowing?
a.

, b.




c.




d.




ANS:h j B
Duringhjspontaneoushjbreathing,hjthehjintrapleuralhjpressurehjdropshjfromhjabouthj 5hjcmhjH2Ohjathj
end-hjexpirationhjtohjabouthj 10hjcmhjH2Ohjathjend-
inspiration.hjThehjgraphhjdepictedhjforhjanswerhjBhjshowshjthathjchangehjfromhj 5hjcmhjH2Ohjtohj
10hjcmhjH2O.

REF:h j h j pg.hj3

4. Duringhjspontaneoushjinspirationhjalveolarhjpressurehj(PA)hjishjabout:hj .
a. 1hjcmhjH2O
b.h j h j +1hjcmhjH2O
c. 0hjcmhjH2O
d. 5hjcmhjH2O
ANS:h j A
1hjcmhjH2Ohjishjthehjlowesthjalveolarhjpressurehjwillhjbecomehjduringhjnormalhjspontaneoushjv
entilation.hjDuringhjthehjexhalationhjofhjahjnormalhjspontaneoushjbreathhjthehjalveolarhjpressurehj
willhjbecomehj+1hjcmhjH2O.

REF:h j h j pg.hj4

5. Thehjpressurehjrequiredhjtohjmaintainhjalveolarhjinflationhjishjknownhjashjwhichhjofhjthehjfollowin
g?
a. Transairwayhjpressurehj(PTA)
b. Transthoracichjpressurehj(PTT)
c. Transrespiratoryhjpressurehj(PTR)
d. Transpulmonaryhjpressurehj(PL)
ANS:h j D

, Thehjdefinitionhjofhjtranspulmonaryhjpressurehj(PL)hjishjthehjpressurehjrequiredhjtohjmaintainhjalv
eolarhjinflation.hjTransairwayhjpressurehj(PTA)hjishjthehjpressurehjgradienthjrequiredhjtohjproducehja
irflowhjinhjthehjconductinghjtubes.hjTransrespiratoryhjpressurehj(PTR)hjishjthehjpressurehjtohjinflat
ehjthehjlungshjandhjairwayshjduringhjpositive-
pressurehjventilation.hjTransthoracichjpressurehj(PTT)hjrepresentshjthehjpressurehjrequiredhjtohjex
pandhjorhjcontracthjthehjlungshjandhjthehjchesthjwallhjathjthehjsamehjtime.

REF:h j h j pg.hj4

6. Calculatehjthehjpressurehjneededhjtohjovercomehjairwayhjresistancehjduringhjpositive-
pressurehjventilationhjwhenhjthehjproximalhjairwayhjpressurehj(PAw)hjishj35hjcmhjH2Ohjandhjthehj
alveolarhjpressurehj(PA)hjishj5hjcmhjH2O.
a. 7hjcmhjH2O
b. 30hjcmhjH2O
c. 40hjcmhjH2O
d. 175hjcmhjH2O
ANS:h j B
Thehjtransairwayhjpressurehj(PTA)hjishjusedhjtohjcalculatehjthehjpressurehjrequiredhjtohjovercomehja
irwayhjresistancehjduringhjmechanicalhjventilation.hjThishjformulahjishjPTAhj=hjPawhj-hjPA.

REF:h j h j pg.hj4

7. Thehjtermhjusedhjtohjdescribehjthehjtendencyhjofhjahjstructurehjtohjreturnhjtohjitshjoriginalhjformhj
afterhjbeinghjstretchedhjorhjactedhjonhjbyhjanhjoutsidehjforcehjishjwhichhjofhjthehjfollowing?
a. Elastance
b. Compliance
c. Viscoushjresistance
d. Distendinghjpressure
ANS:h j A
Thehjelastancehjofhjahjstructurehjishjthehjtendencyhjofhjthathjstructurehjtohjreturnhjtohjitshjoriginalhjs
hapehjafterhjbeinghjstretched.hjThehjmorehjelastancehjahjstructurehjhas,hjthehjmorehjdifficulthjithjis
hjtohjstretch.hjThehjcompliancehjofhjahjstructurehjishjthehjeasehjwithhjwhichhjthehjstructurehjdistend
shjorhjstretches.
Compliancehjishjthehjoppositehjofhjelastance.hjViscoushjresistancehjishjthehjoppositionhjtohjmove
menthjofferedhjbyhjadjacenthjstructureshjsuchhjashjthehjlungshjandhjtheirhjadjacenthjorgans.hjDisten
dinghjpressurehjishjpressurehjrequiredhjtohjmaintainhjinflation,hjforhjexample,hjalveolarhjdistendi
nghjpressure.

REF:h j h j pg.hj5

8. Calculatehjthehjpressurehjrequiredhjtohjachievehjahjtidalhjvolumehjofhj400hjmLhjforhjanhjintubate
dhjpatienthjwithhjahjrespiratoryhjsystemhjcompliancehjofhj15hjmL/cmhjH2O.
a. 6hjcmhjH2O
b. 26.7hjcmhjH2O
c. 37.5hjcmhjH2O
d. 41.5hjcmhjH2O
ANS:h j B
Chj=hj V/ Phjthenhj Phj=hj V/ C

REF:h j h j pg.hj5