BI 121 Exam 4 questions with verified answers
#1 Olfactory Ans✓✓✓ olfaction
#10 Vagus Ans✓✓✓ speech, swallowing, vasomanipulation
#11 Accessory Ans✓✓✓ transmit to neck muscles, palate, and larynx
#12 Hypoglossal Ans✓✓✓ move tongue
#2 Optic Ans✓✓✓ vision
#3 Oculomotor Ans✓✓✓ move eye, eyelids and iris
#4 Trochlear Ans✓✓✓ superior oblique muscle of eye
#5 Trigeminal Ans✓✓✓ sensory for forehead, face, eyes
#6 Abducens Ans✓✓✓ lateral rectus muscle of eye
#7 Facial Ans✓✓✓ facial expressions & taste buds
,#8 Vestibulocochlear Ans✓✓✓ equilibrium and hearing
#9 Glossopharyngeal Ans✓✓✓ pharynx, tonsils, salivary, posterior
tongue
3 stages of voltage-gated Na+ channels Ans✓✓✓ 1. resting
2. activation
3. inactivation
Acetylcholine Ans✓✓✓ neurotransmitter chemical released at the
ends of nerve cells
Action Potential (nervous impulse, electrical signal) Ans✓✓✓ changes
in TMP transmitted along the axon
*begins with chemically gated Na+ channels; propagates via voltage-
gated channels
action potential Ans✓✓✓
Action potential propagate along the axon via: Ans✓✓✓ A. continuous
propagation
B. saltatory propagation
,Actions of NT controlled by: Ans✓✓✓ 1. enzymes: break down NT (ex:
achetylcholinesterase)
2. recycle: NT taken back into synaptic knob
3. neuromodulars: alter release of NT or block its action (ex: endorphin)
afferent division Ans✓✓✓ consists of all incoming sensory or afferent
pathways
Afferent division of PNS Ans✓✓✓ brings sensory information to the
CNS
Agonist Ans✓✓✓ activates a receptor (ex: nicotine and dopamine)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) Ans✓✓✓ A progressive disease that destroys
the brain's neurons, gradually impairing memory, thinking, language,
and other cognitive functions, resulting in the complete inability to care
for oneself; the most common cause of dementia.
Amygdala Ans✓✓✓ expression of emotions; store memories and code
Amygdaloid Ans✓✓✓ "fight or flight" response, linking emotions with
specific memories
, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/ Lou Gehrig's Disease) Ans✓✓✓ a
progressive degenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the
CNS/PNS; as motor neurons die, control of skeletal muscles is lost;
cause unknown & no cure
Anaxonic neuron Ans✓✓✓ dendrites and axons indistinguishable
limited to brain and sensory organs
Antagonist Ans✓✓✓ binds to receptor an blocks NT action
*most drugs are this type and block dopamine
anterior gray horn Ans✓✓✓ contains somatic motor nuclei
Arachnoid Mater Ans✓✓✓ avascular membrane that reabsorbs
cerebralspinal fluid (CSF)
arachnoid villi Ans✓✓✓ Protrudes through the dura mater to allow CSF
to drain back into the venous circulation
Are all axons myelinated Ans✓✓✓ No, can be myelinated or not.
#1 Olfactory Ans✓✓✓ olfaction
#10 Vagus Ans✓✓✓ speech, swallowing, vasomanipulation
#11 Accessory Ans✓✓✓ transmit to neck muscles, palate, and larynx
#12 Hypoglossal Ans✓✓✓ move tongue
#2 Optic Ans✓✓✓ vision
#3 Oculomotor Ans✓✓✓ move eye, eyelids and iris
#4 Trochlear Ans✓✓✓ superior oblique muscle of eye
#5 Trigeminal Ans✓✓✓ sensory for forehead, face, eyes
#6 Abducens Ans✓✓✓ lateral rectus muscle of eye
#7 Facial Ans✓✓✓ facial expressions & taste buds
,#8 Vestibulocochlear Ans✓✓✓ equilibrium and hearing
#9 Glossopharyngeal Ans✓✓✓ pharynx, tonsils, salivary, posterior
tongue
3 stages of voltage-gated Na+ channels Ans✓✓✓ 1. resting
2. activation
3. inactivation
Acetylcholine Ans✓✓✓ neurotransmitter chemical released at the
ends of nerve cells
Action Potential (nervous impulse, electrical signal) Ans✓✓✓ changes
in TMP transmitted along the axon
*begins with chemically gated Na+ channels; propagates via voltage-
gated channels
action potential Ans✓✓✓
Action potential propagate along the axon via: Ans✓✓✓ A. continuous
propagation
B. saltatory propagation
,Actions of NT controlled by: Ans✓✓✓ 1. enzymes: break down NT (ex:
achetylcholinesterase)
2. recycle: NT taken back into synaptic knob
3. neuromodulars: alter release of NT or block its action (ex: endorphin)
afferent division Ans✓✓✓ consists of all incoming sensory or afferent
pathways
Afferent division of PNS Ans✓✓✓ brings sensory information to the
CNS
Agonist Ans✓✓✓ activates a receptor (ex: nicotine and dopamine)
Alzheimer's disease (AD) Ans✓✓✓ A progressive disease that destroys
the brain's neurons, gradually impairing memory, thinking, language,
and other cognitive functions, resulting in the complete inability to care
for oneself; the most common cause of dementia.
Amygdala Ans✓✓✓ expression of emotions; store memories and code
Amygdaloid Ans✓✓✓ "fight or flight" response, linking emotions with
specific memories
, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS/ Lou Gehrig's Disease) Ans✓✓✓ a
progressive degenerative disease that affects motor neurons in the
CNS/PNS; as motor neurons die, control of skeletal muscles is lost;
cause unknown & no cure
Anaxonic neuron Ans✓✓✓ dendrites and axons indistinguishable
limited to brain and sensory organs
Antagonist Ans✓✓✓ binds to receptor an blocks NT action
*most drugs are this type and block dopamine
anterior gray horn Ans✓✓✓ contains somatic motor nuclei
Arachnoid Mater Ans✓✓✓ avascular membrane that reabsorbs
cerebralspinal fluid (CSF)
arachnoid villi Ans✓✓✓ Protrudes through the dura mater to allow CSF
to drain back into the venous circulation
Are all axons myelinated Ans✓✓✓ No, can be myelinated or not.
