IPAC - Accurate Answers To All Questions
Microorganisms (agents) Correct Answer - • Bacteria•
Viruses• Fungi• Protozoa; Are carried by blood, saliva and other
body fluids
Bacteria Correct Answer - single-celled organisms that lack a
nucleus; prokaryotes; Some bacteria are an essential part of our
body flora Some bacteria cause infections
Peptidoglycan Correct Answer - the main component of the
bacterial cell wall; it maintains cell shape while protecting the cell
from internal osmotic pressure and external environmental
challenges.
Gram straining Correct Answer - Bacteria stained with Gram's
staining procedure, appear dark blue (Gram-positive) or red (Gram-
negative); determined by cell wall structure
Why the Gram reaction is important: Correct Answer - •
identifying bacteria (shape + Gram reaction)
• determines effectiveness of antibiotics
• determines effectiveness of disinfectants
Examples Correct Answer - Gram-positive: bacilli and cocci
(strep infection, toxic shock)
Gram-Negative: E. coli, pneumonia, urinary tract infections
Virus Correct Answer - Smaller than bacteria;Need a living
host to replicate starts producing copies of the original
virus;Contain DNA or RNA; Envelope viruses are easier to kill when
disinfecting; Flu
, Fungi Correct Answer - An organism that absorbs nutrients
from the environment; non-photosynthetic plants;
Yeast - unicellular & Mold - multicellular Visible
Protozoa Correct Answer - one-celled organisms that are more
complex than bacteria; Unicellular; Easier to kill when compared to
bacteria and viruses
Host Correct Answer - Organism that is the target of an agent
After exposure to an agent a host may be infected but may or may
notdevelop disease, depending on Correct Answer - General
heath of the host
Status of immune system of the host
Host susceptibility Correct Answer - determines whether an
encounter with aninfectious microorganism will result in disease.
That susceptibility is influenced by Correct Answer - • Age
(new-born and elderly are more susceptible)
• Health and immune status
• Dose of the infectious agent (number of organisms required to
establish an infection, will vary according to the microorganism)
• Antibodies
Antibodies Correct Answer - Proteins that attach to antigens,
keeping them from harming the body; Vaccination against a disease-
causing microbe• Recovery from a particular infection
The ability of an agent to infect relates to Correct Answer -
Virulence (ability to overcome immune system)
Amount of agent transmitted (dosage)
Microorganisms (agents) Correct Answer - • Bacteria•
Viruses• Fungi• Protozoa; Are carried by blood, saliva and other
body fluids
Bacteria Correct Answer - single-celled organisms that lack a
nucleus; prokaryotes; Some bacteria are an essential part of our
body flora Some bacteria cause infections
Peptidoglycan Correct Answer - the main component of the
bacterial cell wall; it maintains cell shape while protecting the cell
from internal osmotic pressure and external environmental
challenges.
Gram straining Correct Answer - Bacteria stained with Gram's
staining procedure, appear dark blue (Gram-positive) or red (Gram-
negative); determined by cell wall structure
Why the Gram reaction is important: Correct Answer - •
identifying bacteria (shape + Gram reaction)
• determines effectiveness of antibiotics
• determines effectiveness of disinfectants
Examples Correct Answer - Gram-positive: bacilli and cocci
(strep infection, toxic shock)
Gram-Negative: E. coli, pneumonia, urinary tract infections
Virus Correct Answer - Smaller than bacteria;Need a living
host to replicate starts producing copies of the original
virus;Contain DNA or RNA; Envelope viruses are easier to kill when
disinfecting; Flu
, Fungi Correct Answer - An organism that absorbs nutrients
from the environment; non-photosynthetic plants;
Yeast - unicellular & Mold - multicellular Visible
Protozoa Correct Answer - one-celled organisms that are more
complex than bacteria; Unicellular; Easier to kill when compared to
bacteria and viruses
Host Correct Answer - Organism that is the target of an agent
After exposure to an agent a host may be infected but may or may
notdevelop disease, depending on Correct Answer - General
heath of the host
Status of immune system of the host
Host susceptibility Correct Answer - determines whether an
encounter with aninfectious microorganism will result in disease.
That susceptibility is influenced by Correct Answer - • Age
(new-born and elderly are more susceptible)
• Health and immune status
• Dose of the infectious agent (number of organisms required to
establish an infection, will vary according to the microorganism)
• Antibodies
Antibodies Correct Answer - Proteins that attach to antigens,
keeping them from harming the body; Vaccination against a disease-
causing microbe• Recovery from a particular infection
The ability of an agent to infect relates to Correct Answer -
Virulence (ability to overcome immune system)
Amount of agent transmitted (dosage)
