ALTA Certification Review
The curved diacritical mark above a vowel in a sound picture or phonic/dictionary
symbol notation that indicates a short sound in a closed syllable in which at least one
consonant comes after the vowel in the same syllable. - CORRECT ANSWER-Breve
A diacritical marking. A wavy line placed over any vowel before r in a combination to
indicate the unaccented pronunciation eg letter. The tildes used both in coding words
and in a sound picture. When the pronunciation of any unaccented vowel-r combination
is respelled in the dictionary sound picture, the symbol (er) is used - CORRECT
ANSWER-Tilde
The curved line placed beneath c to indicate its "soft" or (s) pronunciation, as opposed
to its hard or (k) pronunciation. Students use the coding on c before the letters e, i, or y
(the softeners), to remind themselves to pronounced the (s) sound eg mice. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Cedilla
A syllable ending with a long vowel sound. (labor, freedom) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Open Syllable
A syllable ending with one or more consonants. The vowel is usually short. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Closed Syllable
A word to which affixes are added. A base word can stand alone. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Base Word
A word made from a base word by the addition of one or more affixes - CORRECT
ANSWER-Derivative
A letter or a group of letters attached to the beginning or ending of a base word or root
that creates a derivative with a meaning or grammatical form that is different that the
base word or root. - CORRECT ANSWER-Affix
A class of open speech sounds produced by the easy passage of air through a relatively
open vocal tract. A, E, I, O, U - CORRECT ANSWER-Vowel
One of a class of speech sounds in which sound moving through the vocal tract is
constricted or obstructed by the lips, tongue or teeth during articulation. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Consonant
, Stress or emphasis on one syllable in a word or on one or more words in a phrase or
sentence. The accented part is spoken louder, longer, and/or in a higher tone. The
speaker's mouth opens wider while saying an accented syllable. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Accent
a spoken or written unit that must have a vowel sound and that may include consonants
that precede or follow that vowel. Syllables are units of sound made by one impulse of
voice. - CORRECT ANSWER-Syllable
An affix attached to the beginning of a word that changes the meaning of that word. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Prefix
A morpheme attached to the end of a word that creates a word with a different form or
use. Suffixes include inflected forms indicating tense, number, person and
comparatives. - CORRECT ANSWER-Suffix
The flat diacritical mark above a vowel in a send picture or phonic/dictionary notation
that indicates a long sound. - CORRECT ANSWER-Macron
Two adjacent letters repressing a single consonant sound - CORRECT ANSWER-
Digraph
Two adjacent letters repressing a single consonant sound - CORRECT ANSWER-
Consonant Digraph
To adjacent letters representing a single vowel sound - CORRECT ANSWER-Vowel
Digraph
Three adjacent letters which represent one speech sound (tch) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Trigraph
Four adjacent letters representing one sound (eigh) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Quadrigraph
A pattern of letters (found in a single syllable) which occurs frequently together. The
pronunciation of at least one of the component parts is unexpected or the letters stand
in an unexpected sequence ( ar, er, ir, or, us, qu, wh) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Combination
Two vowels standing adjacent in the same syllable whose sounds blend smoothly
together in one syllable. There are only four diphthongs in English. These are ou/out,
ow/cow, oi/oil, oy, boy - CORRECT ANSWER-Diphthong
The curved diacritical mark above a vowel in a sound picture or phonic/dictionary
symbol notation that indicates a short sound in a closed syllable in which at least one
consonant comes after the vowel in the same syllable. - CORRECT ANSWER-Breve
A diacritical marking. A wavy line placed over any vowel before r in a combination to
indicate the unaccented pronunciation eg letter. The tildes used both in coding words
and in a sound picture. When the pronunciation of any unaccented vowel-r combination
is respelled in the dictionary sound picture, the symbol (er) is used - CORRECT
ANSWER-Tilde
The curved line placed beneath c to indicate its "soft" or (s) pronunciation, as opposed
to its hard or (k) pronunciation. Students use the coding on c before the letters e, i, or y
(the softeners), to remind themselves to pronounced the (s) sound eg mice. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Cedilla
A syllable ending with a long vowel sound. (labor, freedom) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Open Syllable
A syllable ending with one or more consonants. The vowel is usually short. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Closed Syllable
A word to which affixes are added. A base word can stand alone. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Base Word
A word made from a base word by the addition of one or more affixes - CORRECT
ANSWER-Derivative
A letter or a group of letters attached to the beginning or ending of a base word or root
that creates a derivative with a meaning or grammatical form that is different that the
base word or root. - CORRECT ANSWER-Affix
A class of open speech sounds produced by the easy passage of air through a relatively
open vocal tract. A, E, I, O, U - CORRECT ANSWER-Vowel
One of a class of speech sounds in which sound moving through the vocal tract is
constricted or obstructed by the lips, tongue or teeth during articulation. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Consonant
, Stress or emphasis on one syllable in a word or on one or more words in a phrase or
sentence. The accented part is spoken louder, longer, and/or in a higher tone. The
speaker's mouth opens wider while saying an accented syllable. - CORRECT
ANSWER-Accent
a spoken or written unit that must have a vowel sound and that may include consonants
that precede or follow that vowel. Syllables are units of sound made by one impulse of
voice. - CORRECT ANSWER-Syllable
An affix attached to the beginning of a word that changes the meaning of that word. -
CORRECT ANSWER-Prefix
A morpheme attached to the end of a word that creates a word with a different form or
use. Suffixes include inflected forms indicating tense, number, person and
comparatives. - CORRECT ANSWER-Suffix
The flat diacritical mark above a vowel in a send picture or phonic/dictionary notation
that indicates a long sound. - CORRECT ANSWER-Macron
Two adjacent letters repressing a single consonant sound - CORRECT ANSWER-
Digraph
Two adjacent letters repressing a single consonant sound - CORRECT ANSWER-
Consonant Digraph
To adjacent letters representing a single vowel sound - CORRECT ANSWER-Vowel
Digraph
Three adjacent letters which represent one speech sound (tch) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Trigraph
Four adjacent letters representing one sound (eigh) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Quadrigraph
A pattern of letters (found in a single syllable) which occurs frequently together. The
pronunciation of at least one of the component parts is unexpected or the letters stand
in an unexpected sequence ( ar, er, ir, or, us, qu, wh) - CORRECT ANSWER-
Combination
Two vowels standing adjacent in the same syllable whose sounds blend smoothly
together in one syllable. There are only four diphthongs in English. These are ou/out,
ow/cow, oi/oil, oy, boy - CORRECT ANSWER-Diphthong
