NUR 509 Exam 1
Adverse Reaction
Undesirable drug effects, severe and life threatening.
Side Effects
Undesirable drug effect is a mild reaction.
First Pass
Ingest the drug orally, metabolized (usually by the liver or gut), the effect of the medication is reduced, and only part of the
drug reaches the systemic circulation. The drugs will end up becoming less powerful.
first pass routes
Hepatic arterial
Oral/enteral
Portal venous
Half-Life
Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a drug
Approximately how many half lives does it take to remove a drug from the body?
About 5 half-lives
,Off Label Drugs
Drug is FDA approved for one use, but is being prescribed for a different purpose.
FDA Approved Drugs
approved for a specific purpose
Sublingual Route of Administration
absorbed more rapidly than enteric-coated tablets. Sublingual medications are placed under the tongue and dissolve,
allowing for quick absorption through the mucous membranes and entry into the bloodstream.
Bypass first-pass effect
Enteral Route of Administration
enteric-coated tablets have a coating that prevents them from being broken down in the acidic environment of the
stomach. They are not absorbed until they reach the higher pH of the intestines, resulting in slower absorption.
Intravenous Route of Administration
Medication administered via the veins, produces the most rapid drug response , can produce an almost immediate onset
of action (bypasses the first past effect)
Intramuscular Route of Administration
, Requires a needle for administration, medication is administered in the muscle, allows drug to diffuse slowly into the many
blood vessels within muscle tissue (bypasses the first pass effect).
Subcutaneous Route of Administration
Medication administered under the skin into the SUBCUTANEOUS tissue (bypasses the first pass effect)
Intradermal Route of Administration
Medication is administered into the DERMIS of the skin (bypasses the first pass effect).
Buccal Route of Administration
Medication is administered in the oral mucosa between the cheek and gum (bypasses first pass effect)
Rectal Route of Administration
The delivery of medication via the rectum, good alternative when oral is not available (does NOT bypass first pass effect)
Topical Route of Administration
Medication is applied directly on the skin via ointment, gels, or creams (bypasses the first pass effect)
Transdermal Route of Administration
Medication is administered via adhesive patches, provide constant rate of absorption (bypasses first pass effect)
Inhalation Route of Administration
Adverse Reaction
Undesirable drug effects, severe and life threatening.
Side Effects
Undesirable drug effect is a mild reaction.
First Pass
Ingest the drug orally, metabolized (usually by the liver or gut), the effect of the medication is reduced, and only part of the
drug reaches the systemic circulation. The drugs will end up becoming less powerful.
first pass routes
Hepatic arterial
Oral/enteral
Portal venous
Half-Life
Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of a drug
Approximately how many half lives does it take to remove a drug from the body?
About 5 half-lives
,Off Label Drugs
Drug is FDA approved for one use, but is being prescribed for a different purpose.
FDA Approved Drugs
approved for a specific purpose
Sublingual Route of Administration
absorbed more rapidly than enteric-coated tablets. Sublingual medications are placed under the tongue and dissolve,
allowing for quick absorption through the mucous membranes and entry into the bloodstream.
Bypass first-pass effect
Enteral Route of Administration
enteric-coated tablets have a coating that prevents them from being broken down in the acidic environment of the
stomach. They are not absorbed until they reach the higher pH of the intestines, resulting in slower absorption.
Intravenous Route of Administration
Medication administered via the veins, produces the most rapid drug response , can produce an almost immediate onset
of action (bypasses the first past effect)
Intramuscular Route of Administration
, Requires a needle for administration, medication is administered in the muscle, allows drug to diffuse slowly into the many
blood vessels within muscle tissue (bypasses the first pass effect).
Subcutaneous Route of Administration
Medication administered under the skin into the SUBCUTANEOUS tissue (bypasses the first pass effect)
Intradermal Route of Administration
Medication is administered into the DERMIS of the skin (bypasses the first pass effect).
Buccal Route of Administration
Medication is administered in the oral mucosa between the cheek and gum (bypasses first pass effect)
Rectal Route of Administration
The delivery of medication via the rectum, good alternative when oral is not available (does NOT bypass first pass effect)
Topical Route of Administration
Medication is applied directly on the skin via ointment, gels, or creams (bypasses the first pass effect)
Transdermal Route of Administration
Medication is administered via adhesive patches, provide constant rate of absorption (bypasses first pass effect)
Inhalation Route of Administration
