PS 105
Development Psychology
4.0 Credits
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
©2025
, Multiple Choice Questions (10 Questions)
1. Question:
Which normal form is specifically aimed at eliminating transitive
dependencies in a relational schema?
- a. First Normal Form (1NF)
- b. Second Normal Form (2NF)
- c. Third Normal Form (3NF)
- d. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
ANS: c. Third Normal Form (3NF)
Rationale:
Third Normal Form (3NF) requires that all non-prime attributes
are non-transitively dependent on every key of the table. By
eliminating transitive dependencies, 3NF reduces redundancy and
update anomalies.
2. Question:
Which SQL clause is used in conjunction with window functions
(using the OVER keyword) to perform calculations across a set of
table rows related to the current row without collapsing the result
set?
- a. GROUP BY
- b. HAVING
- c. OVER
- d. DISTINCT
ANS: c. OVER
Rationale:
The OVER clause, when combined with functions such as SUM()
or AVG(), defines a window over which the computation is
performed. This method preserves the detail level of the dataset
while providing aggregate information.
©2025
, 3. Question:
Which property of ACID transactions ensures that a transaction’s
changes are permanently stored even in the event of a system
crash?
- a. Atomicity
- b. Consistency
- c. Isolation
- d. Durability
ANS: d. Durability
Rationale:
Durability guarantees that once a transaction has been
committed, its effects persist despite system failures—a critical
property for maintaining data integrity in transactional systems.
4. Question:
Which recovery technique in database management uses write-
ahead logging as its primary mechanism to ensure that both redo
and undo operations can be performed?
- a. Shadow Paging
- b. ARIES
- c. Checkpointing
- d. Two-Phase Commit
ANS: b. ARIES
Rationale:
ARIES (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting
Semantics) relies on write-ahead logging to record changes before
they are made, allowing the system to redo or undo operations
during recovery.
5. Question:
Which file system feature logs metadata or data changes before
they are committed to the main file system, thus enabling rapid
recovery after a crash?
- a. Journaling
©2025
Development Psychology
4.0 Credits
Midterm Exam Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
©2025
, Multiple Choice Questions (10 Questions)
1. Question:
Which normal form is specifically aimed at eliminating transitive
dependencies in a relational schema?
- a. First Normal Form (1NF)
- b. Second Normal Form (2NF)
- c. Third Normal Form (3NF)
- d. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
ANS: c. Third Normal Form (3NF)
Rationale:
Third Normal Form (3NF) requires that all non-prime attributes
are non-transitively dependent on every key of the table. By
eliminating transitive dependencies, 3NF reduces redundancy and
update anomalies.
2. Question:
Which SQL clause is used in conjunction with window functions
(using the OVER keyword) to perform calculations across a set of
table rows related to the current row without collapsing the result
set?
- a. GROUP BY
- b. HAVING
- c. OVER
- d. DISTINCT
ANS: c. OVER
Rationale:
The OVER clause, when combined with functions such as SUM()
or AVG(), defines a window over which the computation is
performed. This method preserves the detail level of the dataset
while providing aggregate information.
©2025
, 3. Question:
Which property of ACID transactions ensures that a transaction’s
changes are permanently stored even in the event of a system
crash?
- a. Atomicity
- b. Consistency
- c. Isolation
- d. Durability
ANS: d. Durability
Rationale:
Durability guarantees that once a transaction has been
committed, its effects persist despite system failures—a critical
property for maintaining data integrity in transactional systems.
4. Question:
Which recovery technique in database management uses write-
ahead logging as its primary mechanism to ensure that both redo
and undo operations can be performed?
- a. Shadow Paging
- b. ARIES
- c. Checkpointing
- d. Two-Phase Commit
ANS: b. ARIES
Rationale:
ARIES (Algorithm for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting
Semantics) relies on write-ahead logging to record changes before
they are made, allowing the system to redo or undo operations
during recovery.
5. Question:
Which file system feature logs metadata or data changes before
they are committed to the main file system, thus enabling rapid
recovery after a crash?
- a. Journaling
©2025
