1/21/25
Rachel Jeric Clark Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture 1: Introduction to Anatomy Units of the Body
Anatomy:
Applied Anatomy (Clinical)- The application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of
disease and surgical procedures.
We will be using Applied Anatomy as SLPs.
Descriptive Anatomy (Systemic)- Description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease
conditions, viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together.
Gross Anatomy- Studies structures that are visible without a microscope.
Developmental Anatomy- The development of the organism from conception.
Comparative Anatomy- Making comparisons across species boundaries.
Related fields of study:
Cytology- Study of cell structure and function.
Histology- Study of cells and tissues.
Osteology- Study of structure and function of bones.
Myology- Study of muscles.
Anthrology- Study of joints.
Angiology- Study of blood vessels and lymphatic system.
Neurology- Study of the nervous system.
Terminology:
Anatomical position:
Axial- Head and trunk.
Spinal cord functions as the axis.
Appendicular- Upper and lower limbs.
Planes of the body:
Sagittal (midsagittal, parasagittal)- Left and right.
Transverse (horizontal, axial)- Upper and lower.
Coronal- Front and back.
Coronal
Sagittal, Median
Transverse
, 1/21/25
Rachel Jeric Clark
Directions:
Anterior (ventral)- Front surface of a body.
Posterior (dorsal)- Toward the back.
Superior (cranial, cephalic, rostral)- Towards the
head; above, farther from the ground.
Inferior (caudal)- Towards the feet; below, closer
to the ground.
Lateral- Towards the side; away from midline.
Directions:
Peripheral- Away from the center.
Central- Towards the center of the body.
Superficial (external)- Confined to the surface.
Deep (internal)- Closer to the axis of the body.
Proximal- Toward the body.
Distal- Away from the body.
Medial (mesial)- Towards midline.
Abduction- Opening away from midline.
Adduction- Opening towards midline.
Flexion- Pulling ends together.
Extension- Pulling ends apart.
Plantar- Towards the sole of foot.
Palmar (ventral)- Towards palm of hand.
Pronated- On your stomach, facing down.
Supinated- On your back, facing up.
Hyper- Too much.
Hypo- Too little.
Rachel Jeric Clark Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture 1: Introduction to Anatomy Units of the Body
Anatomy:
Applied Anatomy (Clinical)- The application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of
disease and surgical procedures.
We will be using Applied Anatomy as SLPs.
Descriptive Anatomy (Systemic)- Description of individual parts of the body without reference to disease
conditions, viewing the body as a composite of systems that function together.
Gross Anatomy- Studies structures that are visible without a microscope.
Developmental Anatomy- The development of the organism from conception.
Comparative Anatomy- Making comparisons across species boundaries.
Related fields of study:
Cytology- Study of cell structure and function.
Histology- Study of cells and tissues.
Osteology- Study of structure and function of bones.
Myology- Study of muscles.
Anthrology- Study of joints.
Angiology- Study of blood vessels and lymphatic system.
Neurology- Study of the nervous system.
Terminology:
Anatomical position:
Axial- Head and trunk.
Spinal cord functions as the axis.
Appendicular- Upper and lower limbs.
Planes of the body:
Sagittal (midsagittal, parasagittal)- Left and right.
Transverse (horizontal, axial)- Upper and lower.
Coronal- Front and back.
Coronal
Sagittal, Median
Transverse
, 1/21/25
Rachel Jeric Clark
Directions:
Anterior (ventral)- Front surface of a body.
Posterior (dorsal)- Toward the back.
Superior (cranial, cephalic, rostral)- Towards the
head; above, farther from the ground.
Inferior (caudal)- Towards the feet; below, closer
to the ground.
Lateral- Towards the side; away from midline.
Directions:
Peripheral- Away from the center.
Central- Towards the center of the body.
Superficial (external)- Confined to the surface.
Deep (internal)- Closer to the axis of the body.
Proximal- Toward the body.
Distal- Away from the body.
Medial (mesial)- Towards midline.
Abduction- Opening away from midline.
Adduction- Opening towards midline.
Flexion- Pulling ends together.
Extension- Pulling ends apart.
Plantar- Towards the sole of foot.
Palmar (ventral)- Towards palm of hand.
Pronated- On your stomach, facing down.
Supinated- On your back, facing up.
Hyper- Too much.
Hypo- Too little.
