Cianna TCDHA PERIO MIDTERM EXAMS FOR
DENTIST 2025-2026
1. periodontium - functional system of TISSUES that surrounds teeth and attaches them to the
jawbone
- "supporting tissues of teeth" or "attachment apparatus"
peri = around. odontos = tooth
2. tissues of the peri- - gingiva
odontium - cementum
- periodontal ligament
- alveolar bone
3. gingiva the part of mucosa that surrounds CERVICAL portions of teeth and COVERS
ALVEOLAR PROCESS:
- attached by specialized epithelial tissue (which makes up the junctional epithe-
lium)
- composed of thin outer layer of epithelium and underlying layer of CT
4. function of gingi- - protects underlying tooth-supporting structures of periodontium from oral
va environment (thru defense mechanisms such as saliva and immune system)
5. gingival margin
, Cianna TCDHA PERIO MIDTERM EXAMS FOR
DENTIST 2025-2026
- upper edge (coronal)
- follows tooth contour creating a scalloped outline
6. alveolar mucosa - lower edge (apical)
- dark red tissue
7. free gingival a shallow linear depression separating FREE and ATTACHED GINGIVA
groove (hard to see)
8. mucogingival where the pink attached gingiva meets the red alveolar mucosa (clinically visible)
junction
9. four anatomical 1. free gingiva
areas of gingiva 2. attached gingiva
3. interdental gingiva
4. gingival sulcus
10. free gingiva - UNATTACHED, surrounds tooth in the region of CEJ
- "unattached gingiva" "marginal gingiva"
- turtleneck
- fits closely around the tooth but is not directly attached
- located ABOVE CEJ
, Cianna TCDHA PERIO MIDTERM EXAMS FOR
DENTIST 2025-2026
11. free gingiva is junctional epithelium
attched by - forms soft tissue lateral wall of the gingival sulcus
12. attached gingiva tightly bound to the underlying cementum (continuous with free gingiva)
- on the cervical-third of the root and on the periosteum of the alveolar bone
- dimpled/stippled
13. attached gingiva free gingiva and alveolar mucosa
located between - widest in the incisor and molar regions
- narrowest in premolar regions
14. dimpled/stippled attached and interdental gingiva
appearance only - NOT on marginal/free gingva
seen on - provides mechanical reinforcement
15.
, Cianna TCDHA PERIO MIDTERM EXAMS FOR
DENTIST 2025-2026
purpose of at- - withstand forces during chewing, speaking and brushing
tached gingiva - prevents free gingiva from being pulled apically from the tooth when tension
is applied to alveolar mucosa
16. interdental gingi- - fills the interdental space (embrasure) just below contact area
va - prevents food between teeth
- gingival col
17. 2 interdental - FACIAL & LINGUAL
papillae - lateral border and tip formed by free gingiva of adjacent teeth
- centre is formed by attached gingiva
18. gingival col - valley-like depression apical to the contact area of 2 adjacent teeth that connects
facial and lingual papillae
- col will NOT be present if there's a large space between 2 teeth/gingival
recession
19. gingival sulcus - v-shaped shallow space between free gingiva and tooth surface
- measured by probe (1-3mm)
- BASE OF SULCUS formed by JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
DENTIST 2025-2026
1. periodontium - functional system of TISSUES that surrounds teeth and attaches them to the
jawbone
- "supporting tissues of teeth" or "attachment apparatus"
peri = around. odontos = tooth
2. tissues of the peri- - gingiva
odontium - cementum
- periodontal ligament
- alveolar bone
3. gingiva the part of mucosa that surrounds CERVICAL portions of teeth and COVERS
ALVEOLAR PROCESS:
- attached by specialized epithelial tissue (which makes up the junctional epithe-
lium)
- composed of thin outer layer of epithelium and underlying layer of CT
4. function of gingi- - protects underlying tooth-supporting structures of periodontium from oral
va environment (thru defense mechanisms such as saliva and immune system)
5. gingival margin
, Cianna TCDHA PERIO MIDTERM EXAMS FOR
DENTIST 2025-2026
- upper edge (coronal)
- follows tooth contour creating a scalloped outline
6. alveolar mucosa - lower edge (apical)
- dark red tissue
7. free gingival a shallow linear depression separating FREE and ATTACHED GINGIVA
groove (hard to see)
8. mucogingival where the pink attached gingiva meets the red alveolar mucosa (clinically visible)
junction
9. four anatomical 1. free gingiva
areas of gingiva 2. attached gingiva
3. interdental gingiva
4. gingival sulcus
10. free gingiva - UNATTACHED, surrounds tooth in the region of CEJ
- "unattached gingiva" "marginal gingiva"
- turtleneck
- fits closely around the tooth but is not directly attached
- located ABOVE CEJ
, Cianna TCDHA PERIO MIDTERM EXAMS FOR
DENTIST 2025-2026
11. free gingiva is junctional epithelium
attched by - forms soft tissue lateral wall of the gingival sulcus
12. attached gingiva tightly bound to the underlying cementum (continuous with free gingiva)
- on the cervical-third of the root and on the periosteum of the alveolar bone
- dimpled/stippled
13. attached gingiva free gingiva and alveolar mucosa
located between - widest in the incisor and molar regions
- narrowest in premolar regions
14. dimpled/stippled attached and interdental gingiva
appearance only - NOT on marginal/free gingva
seen on - provides mechanical reinforcement
15.
, Cianna TCDHA PERIO MIDTERM EXAMS FOR
DENTIST 2025-2026
purpose of at- - withstand forces during chewing, speaking and brushing
tached gingiva - prevents free gingiva from being pulled apically from the tooth when tension
is applied to alveolar mucosa
16. interdental gingi- - fills the interdental space (embrasure) just below contact area
va - prevents food between teeth
- gingival col
17. 2 interdental - FACIAL & LINGUAL
papillae - lateral border and tip formed by free gingiva of adjacent teeth
- centre is formed by attached gingiva
18. gingival col - valley-like depression apical to the contact area of 2 adjacent teeth that connects
facial and lingual papillae
- col will NOT be present if there's a large space between 2 teeth/gingival
recession
19. gingival sulcus - v-shaped shallow space between free gingiva and tooth surface
- measured by probe (1-3mm)
- BASE OF SULCUS formed by JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
