©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
APUSH Semester 1 Final Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Great Columbia/Biological Exchange - ANS between America (got cattle, pigs) and Europe
(got corn, potatoes, beans); nourish world; europeans give Indians disease
Christopher Columbus - ANS (1492) of Spain began exploration of Americas; exploitation of
natives; began trans-Atlantic slave trade; Columbian exchange
Bartolomeo de las Casas - ANS (1552) wrote testimony to the European cruelty towards
native peoples; helped to win limited reforms to protect Indians + "Black Legend"; History of
the Indies & A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies
Spanish Empire - ANS autocratic/mercantilistic/catholic development of self-sustaining
economies less important that conversion of "heathens" to Catholicism (mission system) and
search for gold and silver
French Empire - ANS autocratic; small in numbers; have cordial relations with indigenous
populations; traders and Jesuits
English/British Empire - ANS representative assemblies with diverse economy; larger
population composed of transplation of families; business enterprises; more independent
pol/econ/social practices
Jamestown - ANS (1607) first permanent English settlement in America; John Smith; saved by
cultivation of tobacco (John Rolfe)
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Plymouth Colony - ANS (1620) founded by Pilgrims/Separatists; self-governing/royal colony
Mayflower Compact - ANS agreement to obey laws created by community and profession of
allegiance to the king; created consensual agreement between Separatists and non-religious
Chesapeake Colonies - ANS made up of Virginia and Maryland; grew tobacco; Church of
England; Maryland Act of Toleration; plantation economy w/cheap labor; headright system
Virginia Colony - ANS 1607 - Jamestown - London Company; charter to stock company/Royal
1619 - ANS first Africans brought to British colonies; establishment of House of Burgesses
House of Burgesses - ANS first elected/representative assembly in the Americas; fulfillment
of promise to colonists of full rights as Englishmen
Bacon's Rebellion - ANS uprising against colonial gvt.; caused by conflict between
backcountry and indians; governor prevented westward expansion; Jamestown burned; Indians
lose land; reduction of taxes for free
Maryland Colony - ANS (1634); Proprietary = owned by Calvert Family; freedom of religion
with certain act and established religion with Church of England
Toleration Act - ANS of 1649 allowed freedom of religion in Maryland to all who believed in
the Trinity; was granted to protect Catholics from interference by other Christians
New England Colonies - ANS Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Massachusetts;
Puritans of Mass. Bay vs/ Pilgrims/Separatists of Plymouth; religiously intolerant (besides RI);
better education; more democratic
Massachusetts Bay Colony - ANS (1630) religions and economic factors intertwined to
influence Puritans to migrate; joint-stock company; theocratic republic
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, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
John Winthrop - ANS leader of Mass. Bay Colony; we shall be city upon a hill
"City Upon a Hill" - ANS exemplified American view that they are to serve as an example of a
model/society/moral community/moral commonwealth to the world
Anne Hutchinson - ANS she disagreed with Mass. Church fathers over doctrine (believed one
could directly communicate w/God and gain assurance of salvation); expelled from colony
King Philip's War - ANS (1675-76) bloodiest war in colonial history; colonists won; New
England Indians eliminated as obstacle to west expansion; colonists united
Salem Witch Trials - ANS produced largest outpouring of accusations; witchcraft hysteria in
New England
Rhode Island Colony - ANS (1636) self-governing colony founded by Roger Williams; granted
freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious toleration; universal suffrage for white
males w/property qualifications; most democratic
Roger Williams - ANS migrated from Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island; established
disestablishment and religious toleration
Disestablishment - ANS separation of church and state; no religion is officially supported by
state/gvt.
Connecticut Colony - ANS (1636) by Thomas Hooker; self-governing; origin of Fundamental
Orders
Fundamental Orders - ANS written in 1639 it was first written constitution in the New World
©FYNDLAY 3
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
New Amsterdam - ANS founded by Dutch in 1624; took over as royal colony by England in
1664
Restoration Colonies - ANS Charles II renewal of American Colonization (Carolinas,
Pennsylvania) from 1660-85
New York Colony - ANS won in 1664 from Dutch; became English royal colony
Pennsylvania Colony - ANS proprietary colony founded in 1683 by William Penn; settled by
Quakers; bought lands from Indians and allowed religious freedom
William Penn - ANS founder of Pennsylvania; "The Holy Experiment" - allowed complete
religious freedom and bought land from the Indians
Georgia Colony - ANS founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe; settled by debtors and
unfortunates; border between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas; religious toleration to all
Protestant Christians but not Catholics; first proprietary than royal
James Oglethorpe - ANS founded Georgia in 1733
Mercantilism - ANS colonies served economic interest of mother country; nations grow rich
at expense of other nations; export less and import less; develop manufacturing; gain colonies
that have raw materials and a re market for finished goods; accumulate mineral wealth
Triangular Trade - ANS colonies developed variety of trading products and partners; between
mainland colonies, West Africa, Caribbean, Europe
Navigation Acts - ANS foundation of English mercantile laws; European goods had to go to
England first before going to America; restricted transport of colonial commerce
©FYNDLAY 4
APUSH Semester 1 Final Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Great Columbia/Biological Exchange - ANS between America (got cattle, pigs) and Europe
(got corn, potatoes, beans); nourish world; europeans give Indians disease
Christopher Columbus - ANS (1492) of Spain began exploration of Americas; exploitation of
natives; began trans-Atlantic slave trade; Columbian exchange
Bartolomeo de las Casas - ANS (1552) wrote testimony to the European cruelty towards
native peoples; helped to win limited reforms to protect Indians + "Black Legend"; History of
the Indies & A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies
Spanish Empire - ANS autocratic/mercantilistic/catholic development of self-sustaining
economies less important that conversion of "heathens" to Catholicism (mission system) and
search for gold and silver
French Empire - ANS autocratic; small in numbers; have cordial relations with indigenous
populations; traders and Jesuits
English/British Empire - ANS representative assemblies with diverse economy; larger
population composed of transplation of families; business enterprises; more independent
pol/econ/social practices
Jamestown - ANS (1607) first permanent English settlement in America; John Smith; saved by
cultivation of tobacco (John Rolfe)
©FYNDLAY 1
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Plymouth Colony - ANS (1620) founded by Pilgrims/Separatists; self-governing/royal colony
Mayflower Compact - ANS agreement to obey laws created by community and profession of
allegiance to the king; created consensual agreement between Separatists and non-religious
Chesapeake Colonies - ANS made up of Virginia and Maryland; grew tobacco; Church of
England; Maryland Act of Toleration; plantation economy w/cheap labor; headright system
Virginia Colony - ANS 1607 - Jamestown - London Company; charter to stock company/Royal
1619 - ANS first Africans brought to British colonies; establishment of House of Burgesses
House of Burgesses - ANS first elected/representative assembly in the Americas; fulfillment
of promise to colonists of full rights as Englishmen
Bacon's Rebellion - ANS uprising against colonial gvt.; caused by conflict between
backcountry and indians; governor prevented westward expansion; Jamestown burned; Indians
lose land; reduction of taxes for free
Maryland Colony - ANS (1634); Proprietary = owned by Calvert Family; freedom of religion
with certain act and established religion with Church of England
Toleration Act - ANS of 1649 allowed freedom of religion in Maryland to all who believed in
the Trinity; was granted to protect Catholics from interference by other Christians
New England Colonies - ANS Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Hampshire, Massachusetts;
Puritans of Mass. Bay vs/ Pilgrims/Separatists of Plymouth; religiously intolerant (besides RI);
better education; more democratic
Massachusetts Bay Colony - ANS (1630) religions and economic factors intertwined to
influence Puritans to migrate; joint-stock company; theocratic republic
©FYNDLAY 2
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
John Winthrop - ANS leader of Mass. Bay Colony; we shall be city upon a hill
"City Upon a Hill" - ANS exemplified American view that they are to serve as an example of a
model/society/moral community/moral commonwealth to the world
Anne Hutchinson - ANS she disagreed with Mass. Church fathers over doctrine (believed one
could directly communicate w/God and gain assurance of salvation); expelled from colony
King Philip's War - ANS (1675-76) bloodiest war in colonial history; colonists won; New
England Indians eliminated as obstacle to west expansion; colonists united
Salem Witch Trials - ANS produced largest outpouring of accusations; witchcraft hysteria in
New England
Rhode Island Colony - ANS (1636) self-governing colony founded by Roger Williams; granted
freedom for all religions and non-believers; religious toleration; universal suffrage for white
males w/property qualifications; most democratic
Roger Williams - ANS migrated from Massachusetts and founded Rhode Island; established
disestablishment and religious toleration
Disestablishment - ANS separation of church and state; no religion is officially supported by
state/gvt.
Connecticut Colony - ANS (1636) by Thomas Hooker; self-governing; origin of Fundamental
Orders
Fundamental Orders - ANS written in 1639 it was first written constitution in the New World
©FYNDLAY 3
, ©FYNDLAY 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
New Amsterdam - ANS founded by Dutch in 1624; took over as royal colony by England in
1664
Restoration Colonies - ANS Charles II renewal of American Colonization (Carolinas,
Pennsylvania) from 1660-85
New York Colony - ANS won in 1664 from Dutch; became English royal colony
Pennsylvania Colony - ANS proprietary colony founded in 1683 by William Penn; settled by
Quakers; bought lands from Indians and allowed religious freedom
William Penn - ANS founder of Pennsylvania; "The Holy Experiment" - allowed complete
religious freedom and bought land from the Indians
Georgia Colony - ANS founded in 1733 by James Oglethorpe; settled by debtors and
unfortunates; border between Spanish Florida and the Carolinas; religious toleration to all
Protestant Christians but not Catholics; first proprietary than royal
James Oglethorpe - ANS founded Georgia in 1733
Mercantilism - ANS colonies served economic interest of mother country; nations grow rich
at expense of other nations; export less and import less; develop manufacturing; gain colonies
that have raw materials and a re market for finished goods; accumulate mineral wealth
Triangular Trade - ANS colonies developed variety of trading products and partners; between
mainland colonies, West Africa, Caribbean, Europe
Navigation Acts - ANS foundation of English mercantile laws; European goods had to go to
England first before going to America; restricted transport of colonial commerce
©FYNDLAY 4
