3P APEA REAL Exam Study Guide:
Pharmacology
✅ 70 Verified Practice Questions with Correct Answers and
Rationales
1. Which of the following is the drug of choice for initial treatment of
hypertension in a non-black adult with no comorbidities?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Lisinopril
C. Amlodipine
D. Metoprolol
✅ Correct Answer: B. Lisinopril
💡 Rationale: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril are first-line for hypertension unless
contraindicated.
2. What is a major adverse effect of aminoglycosides such as gentamicin?
A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Ototoxicity
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Photosensitivity
✅ Correct Answer: B. Ototoxicity
💡 Rationale: Aminoglycosides can cause irreversible hearing loss due to ototoxic effects.
3. Which of the following medications is a rapid-acting insulin?
A. NPH
B. Regular insulin
C. Insulin glargine
D. Insulin lispro
,✅ Correct Answer: D. Insulin lispro
💡 Rationale: Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin ideal for post-meal glucose control.
4. Which medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Methimazole
C. Liothyronine
D. Hydrocortisone
✅ Correct Answer: B. Methimazole
💡 Rationale: Methimazole is the preferred antithyroid medication for long-term management
of hyperthyroidism.
5. Which of the following is an alpha-blocker used in the treatment of BPH?
A. Tamsulosin
B. Finasteride
C. Dutasteride
D. Sildenafil
✅ Correct Answer: A. Tamsulosin
💡 Rationale: Tamsulosin selectively blocks alpha-1 receptors in the prostate, improving urine
flow.
6. A serious adverse effect of statin therapy is:
A. Tachycardia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Rhabdomyolysis
D. Pancreatitis
✅ Correct Answer: C. Rhabdomyolysis
💡 Rationale: Statins may cause muscle breakdown, leading to rhabdomyolysis, a serious
condition.
7. Which diabetes medication is associated with weight loss?
, A. Glyburide
B. Insulin glargine
C. Liraglutide
D. Pioglitazone
✅ Correct Answer: C. Liraglutide
💡 Rationale: GLP-1 receptor agonists like Liraglutide promote satiety and can lead to weight
loss.
8. What should be monitored in a patient on long-term corticosteroids?
A. Blood calcium
B. Liver enzymes
C. White blood cells
D. Blood glucose
✅ Correct Answer: D. Blood glucose
💡 Rationale: Long-term corticosteroids can induce hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
9. Which medication is used for alcohol withdrawal?
A. Lorazepam
B. Naloxone
C. Disulfiram
D. Fluoxetine
✅ Correct Answer: A. Lorazepam
💡 Rationale: Benzodiazepines like Lorazepam are used to prevent seizures in alcohol
withdrawal.
10. What is the primary use of Atropine?
A. Lower blood pressure
B. Treat bradycardia
C. Induce sleep
D. Relieve anxiety
Pharmacology
✅ 70 Verified Practice Questions with Correct Answers and
Rationales
1. Which of the following is the drug of choice for initial treatment of
hypertension in a non-black adult with no comorbidities?
A. Hydrochlorothiazide
B. Lisinopril
C. Amlodipine
D. Metoprolol
✅ Correct Answer: B. Lisinopril
💡 Rationale: ACE inhibitors like Lisinopril are first-line for hypertension unless
contraindicated.
2. What is a major adverse effect of aminoglycosides such as gentamicin?
A. Hepatotoxicity
B. Ototoxicity
C. Nephrolithiasis
D. Photosensitivity
✅ Correct Answer: B. Ototoxicity
💡 Rationale: Aminoglycosides can cause irreversible hearing loss due to ototoxic effects.
3. Which of the following medications is a rapid-acting insulin?
A. NPH
B. Regular insulin
C. Insulin glargine
D. Insulin lispro
,✅ Correct Answer: D. Insulin lispro
💡 Rationale: Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin ideal for post-meal glucose control.
4. Which medication is used to treat hyperthyroidism?
A. Levothyroxine
B. Methimazole
C. Liothyronine
D. Hydrocortisone
✅ Correct Answer: B. Methimazole
💡 Rationale: Methimazole is the preferred antithyroid medication for long-term management
of hyperthyroidism.
5. Which of the following is an alpha-blocker used in the treatment of BPH?
A. Tamsulosin
B. Finasteride
C. Dutasteride
D. Sildenafil
✅ Correct Answer: A. Tamsulosin
💡 Rationale: Tamsulosin selectively blocks alpha-1 receptors in the prostate, improving urine
flow.
6. A serious adverse effect of statin therapy is:
A. Tachycardia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Rhabdomyolysis
D. Pancreatitis
✅ Correct Answer: C. Rhabdomyolysis
💡 Rationale: Statins may cause muscle breakdown, leading to rhabdomyolysis, a serious
condition.
7. Which diabetes medication is associated with weight loss?
, A. Glyburide
B. Insulin glargine
C. Liraglutide
D. Pioglitazone
✅ Correct Answer: C. Liraglutide
💡 Rationale: GLP-1 receptor agonists like Liraglutide promote satiety and can lead to weight
loss.
8. What should be monitored in a patient on long-term corticosteroids?
A. Blood calcium
B. Liver enzymes
C. White blood cells
D. Blood glucose
✅ Correct Answer: D. Blood glucose
💡 Rationale: Long-term corticosteroids can induce hyperglycemia and insulin resistance.
9. Which medication is used for alcohol withdrawal?
A. Lorazepam
B. Naloxone
C. Disulfiram
D. Fluoxetine
✅ Correct Answer: A. Lorazepam
💡 Rationale: Benzodiazepines like Lorazepam are used to prevent seizures in alcohol
withdrawal.
10. What is the primary use of Atropine?
A. Lower blood pressure
B. Treat bradycardia
C. Induce sleep
D. Relieve anxiety
