ANSC 380 EXAM 2 || ERROR-FREE ANSWERS 100%.
chemical name correct answers name of drug that represents exact description of drug's chemical
composition; long & complex
define pharmacology correct answers the science of drugs
define toxicology correct answers science that deals w/ poisons & effects
define pharmacy correct answers place that carries and sells different type of drugs
what was the first & second antibiotic? correct answers arsenic; penicillin
explain discovery of aspirin correct answers in 400 BC, Hippocrates discovered willow bark
helped fevers bc the active ingredient is aspirin
what are the sources of drugs? correct answers nature: plants, animals, microorgs, minerals,
recombinant protein
synthesized in lab
code name correct answers shorthand version of chemical name; letters & numbers
generic name & example correct answers non-proprietary, simpler & derived from chemical
name itself; given by US pharmacopeias & once approved by FDA; acetaminophen (Tylenol)
brand name correct answers given by company which identifies drug as exclusive for that
company
,how long can discovery & development of drug take? correct answers up to 15 yrs
7 things promising drugs are tested for correct answers pharmacokinetics; potential mechanism
of action; dosage; route of administration; side effects; potential drug interactions; efficacy
define pharmacokinetics correct answers movement of a drug into, through, and out of the body;
absorption, distribution, metabolism, & excretion
define pre-clinical trials correct answers performed to determine potential of drug to cause
serious harm
what happens during pre-clinical trials? correct answers in vitro testing where effects are
determined on receptor/enzyme assays, cell/tissue cultures; then in vivo testing in 2 or more
species to determine safety
define clinical trials correct answers approved by board of scientists, ethicists, & health care
specialists; has 3 phases
what are the three phases of clinical trials? correct answers phase I: test product for adverse
effects in small group of healthy volunteers of target species
phase II: try product in individuals who have the disease
phase III: determine drug's safety, effectiveness & dosage; 100/1000s of patients randomly
assigned to test drug or control (placebo)
how long can it take & how much money to get new drug from research & development to
marketing? correct answers 8.5 to 10 years & > $500 million
how many products test past pre-clinical trials? correct answers 5/5000
what 3 agencies determine safety/efficacy of new drugs? correct answers FDA; USDA; EPA
,what is the FDA? correct answers oldest comprehensive protection agency in us government
6 responsibilities of FDA correct answers regulates drug approved for use on humans & animals
to ensure they're safe & effective; regulates food products made from treated food producing
animals- meat, milk & eggs to ensure safe for human consumption; regulates food for animals to
ensure they're prepared under sanitary conditions & properly labeled; monitors development of
antibiotic resistance in food producing animals; regulates animal health products & feed
additives for safety & effectiveness; reports of adverse reactions & illegal drug use
4 categories of drugs correct answers non-prescription; by prescription; controlled; veterinary
feed directives
what are nonprescription drugs? correct answers drugs available w/out restriction to everyone &
don't require vets prescription
4 examples of nonprescription drugs correct answers few antibiotics; some dewormers; vaccines;
vitamins
what are by prescription drugs? correct answers drugs available by or on order of licensed
practitioners only to clients where valid VCPR exists
what do by prescription drugs need to have? correct answers cautionary statement: "Caution:
federal law restricts this drug to be used on or by order of licensed vet"
percent of drugs that are by prescription correct answers 25%
6 examples of by prescription drugs correct answers most antibiotics; analgesics; heartworm
preventatives; hormones; insulin; sedatives
, what are controlled drugs? correct answers by prescription drugs that have potential for human
abuse
what needs to happen w/ controlled drugs? correct answers practitioner must be registered w/
DEA to be able to prescribe; careful records must be kept to show when, who, what, & how
much was prescribed
percent of animal drugs that are controlled correct answers 2%
3 examples of controlled drugs correct answers ketamine; anabolic steroids; diazepam (valium)
what are veterinary feed directives? correct answers available by nonverbal order of licensed
practitioners only to clients where valid VCPR exists
what must veterinary feed directives have on them? correct answers cautionary statement: "use
of feed w/ this VFD drug in manner other than as directed on labeling isn't permitted"
what does veterinary feed directives include? correct answers all medically important antibiotics:
chlortetracycline; sulfamethazine; penicillin; lincomycin; tylosin; florfenicol; virginiamycin
what is the USDA? correct answers agency that provides leadership on food, ag, natural
resources, rural development, nutrition & related issues based on public policy, best available
science & effective mgt
2 responsibilities of USDA correct answers approves animal vaccines & diagnostic kits; monitors
drug residues in food supply by performing random testing
what is the EPA? correct answers mission is to protect human health & environment; regulates &
monitors effectiveness & environmental safety of pesticides such as tick & flea products
chemical name correct answers name of drug that represents exact description of drug's chemical
composition; long & complex
define pharmacology correct answers the science of drugs
define toxicology correct answers science that deals w/ poisons & effects
define pharmacy correct answers place that carries and sells different type of drugs
what was the first & second antibiotic? correct answers arsenic; penicillin
explain discovery of aspirin correct answers in 400 BC, Hippocrates discovered willow bark
helped fevers bc the active ingredient is aspirin
what are the sources of drugs? correct answers nature: plants, animals, microorgs, minerals,
recombinant protein
synthesized in lab
code name correct answers shorthand version of chemical name; letters & numbers
generic name & example correct answers non-proprietary, simpler & derived from chemical
name itself; given by US pharmacopeias & once approved by FDA; acetaminophen (Tylenol)
brand name correct answers given by company which identifies drug as exclusive for that
company
,how long can discovery & development of drug take? correct answers up to 15 yrs
7 things promising drugs are tested for correct answers pharmacokinetics; potential mechanism
of action; dosage; route of administration; side effects; potential drug interactions; efficacy
define pharmacokinetics correct answers movement of a drug into, through, and out of the body;
absorption, distribution, metabolism, & excretion
define pre-clinical trials correct answers performed to determine potential of drug to cause
serious harm
what happens during pre-clinical trials? correct answers in vitro testing where effects are
determined on receptor/enzyme assays, cell/tissue cultures; then in vivo testing in 2 or more
species to determine safety
define clinical trials correct answers approved by board of scientists, ethicists, & health care
specialists; has 3 phases
what are the three phases of clinical trials? correct answers phase I: test product for adverse
effects in small group of healthy volunteers of target species
phase II: try product in individuals who have the disease
phase III: determine drug's safety, effectiveness & dosage; 100/1000s of patients randomly
assigned to test drug or control (placebo)
how long can it take & how much money to get new drug from research & development to
marketing? correct answers 8.5 to 10 years & > $500 million
how many products test past pre-clinical trials? correct answers 5/5000
what 3 agencies determine safety/efficacy of new drugs? correct answers FDA; USDA; EPA
,what is the FDA? correct answers oldest comprehensive protection agency in us government
6 responsibilities of FDA correct answers regulates drug approved for use on humans & animals
to ensure they're safe & effective; regulates food products made from treated food producing
animals- meat, milk & eggs to ensure safe for human consumption; regulates food for animals to
ensure they're prepared under sanitary conditions & properly labeled; monitors development of
antibiotic resistance in food producing animals; regulates animal health products & feed
additives for safety & effectiveness; reports of adverse reactions & illegal drug use
4 categories of drugs correct answers non-prescription; by prescription; controlled; veterinary
feed directives
what are nonprescription drugs? correct answers drugs available w/out restriction to everyone &
don't require vets prescription
4 examples of nonprescription drugs correct answers few antibiotics; some dewormers; vaccines;
vitamins
what are by prescription drugs? correct answers drugs available by or on order of licensed
practitioners only to clients where valid VCPR exists
what do by prescription drugs need to have? correct answers cautionary statement: "Caution:
federal law restricts this drug to be used on or by order of licensed vet"
percent of drugs that are by prescription correct answers 25%
6 examples of by prescription drugs correct answers most antibiotics; analgesics; heartworm
preventatives; hormones; insulin; sedatives
, what are controlled drugs? correct answers by prescription drugs that have potential for human
abuse
what needs to happen w/ controlled drugs? correct answers practitioner must be registered w/
DEA to be able to prescribe; careful records must be kept to show when, who, what, & how
much was prescribed
percent of animal drugs that are controlled correct answers 2%
3 examples of controlled drugs correct answers ketamine; anabolic steroids; diazepam (valium)
what are veterinary feed directives? correct answers available by nonverbal order of licensed
practitioners only to clients where valid VCPR exists
what must veterinary feed directives have on them? correct answers cautionary statement: "use
of feed w/ this VFD drug in manner other than as directed on labeling isn't permitted"
what does veterinary feed directives include? correct answers all medically important antibiotics:
chlortetracycline; sulfamethazine; penicillin; lincomycin; tylosin; florfenicol; virginiamycin
what is the USDA? correct answers agency that provides leadership on food, ag, natural
resources, rural development, nutrition & related issues based on public policy, best available
science & effective mgt
2 responsibilities of USDA correct answers approves animal vaccines & diagnostic kits; monitors
drug residues in food supply by performing random testing
what is the EPA? correct answers mission is to protect human health & environment; regulates &
monitors effectiveness & environmental safety of pesticides such as tick & flea products
