Introductory Medi-Surg Nursing Timby:
Chapters 36 & 40 | 100% accuracy
Acetylcholine - ANSWER-Voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic nervous
system, attention, alertness
Acetylcholinesterase - ANSWER-the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
in the synaptic cleft
Axons - ANSWER-Carry impulses away from the cell body
Brain Stem - ANSWER-Connection to spinal cord. Filters information flow
between peripheral nervous system and the rest of the brain.
Cauda Equina - ANSWER-collection of spinal nerves below the end of the
spinal cord
Central Nervous System - ANSWER-Brain and spinal cord
Cerebellum - ANSWER-A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine
motor skills.
Cerebrum - ANSWER-Largest part of the brain; coordinates thought,
reasoning, movement, and memory, includes the cerebral cortex and the
white matter beneath it.
Corpus Callosum - ANSWER-A thick band of axons that connects the two
cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.
Decerebrate Posturing - ANSWER-posturing in which the neck is extended
with jaw clenched; arms are pronated, extended, and close to the sides; legs
are extended straight out; more ominous sign of brain stem damage. Most
Severe.
,Decorticate Posturing - ANSWER-characterized by upper extremities flexed at
the elbows and held closely to the body and lower extremities that are
externally rotated and extended. occurs when the brainstem is not inhibited
by the motor function of the cerebral cortex.
Dendrites - ANSWER-Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to
receive information.
Dopamine - ANSWER-A neurotransmitter associated with movement,
attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Dura Matter - ANSWER-Thick outermost layer of the meninges surrounding
and protecting the brain.
Epinephrine - ANSWER-A catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in
response to stress preparing the body for "flight or fight" (trade name
Adrenalin)
Extrapyramidal - ANSWER-are involuntary movements that result mainly
from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs
Flaccidity - ANSWER-Low muscle tone
Medulla Oblongata - ANSWER-A portion of the brainstem that regulates vital
functions, including breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Meninges - ANSWER-three layers of connective tissue in which the brain and
spinal cord are wrapped
Midbrain - ANSWER-A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates
sensory information and relays it upward.
, Myelin - ANSWER-A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of
many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses
as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
Neurilemma - ANSWER-membranous covering that protects the myelin
sheath
Neuron - ANSWER-Nerve cell
Neurotransmitters - ANSWER-Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron,
neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the
receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a
neural impulse.
Norepinephrine - ANSWER-A precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the
adrenal medulla and also released at synapses.
Parasympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER-A subdivision of the autonomic
nervous system that calms the body after action and also retains the body
functioning at is normal state (homeostasis)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER-sensory and motor neurons that
connect the CNS to the rest of the body
Pia Mater - ANSWER-Inner layer of meninges; intimately attached to brain
following contours; carries small blood vessels to nourish underlying nervous
tissue;
Pons - ANSWER-A hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two
sides of the cerebellum; helps coordinate and integrate movements on each
side of the body
Subarachnoid Space - ANSWER-a space in the meninges beneath the
arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the
cerebrospinal fluid
Chapters 36 & 40 | 100% accuracy
Acetylcholine - ANSWER-Voluntary muscle control, parasympathetic nervous
system, attention, alertness
Acetylcholinesterase - ANSWER-the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
in the synaptic cleft
Axons - ANSWER-Carry impulses away from the cell body
Brain Stem - ANSWER-Connection to spinal cord. Filters information flow
between peripheral nervous system and the rest of the brain.
Cauda Equina - ANSWER-collection of spinal nerves below the end of the
spinal cord
Central Nervous System - ANSWER-Brain and spinal cord
Cerebellum - ANSWER-A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine
motor skills.
Cerebrum - ANSWER-Largest part of the brain; coordinates thought,
reasoning, movement, and memory, includes the cerebral cortex and the
white matter beneath it.
Corpus Callosum - ANSWER-A thick band of axons that connects the two
cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.
Decerebrate Posturing - ANSWER-posturing in which the neck is extended
with jaw clenched; arms are pronated, extended, and close to the sides; legs
are extended straight out; more ominous sign of brain stem damage. Most
Severe.
,Decorticate Posturing - ANSWER-characterized by upper extremities flexed at
the elbows and held closely to the body and lower extremities that are
externally rotated and extended. occurs when the brainstem is not inhibited
by the motor function of the cerebral cortex.
Dendrites - ANSWER-Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to
receive information.
Dopamine - ANSWER-A neurotransmitter associated with movement,
attention and learning and the brain's pleasure and reward system.
Dura Matter - ANSWER-Thick outermost layer of the meninges surrounding
and protecting the brain.
Epinephrine - ANSWER-A catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in
response to stress preparing the body for "flight or fight" (trade name
Adrenalin)
Extrapyramidal - ANSWER-are involuntary movements that result mainly
from taking first-generation antipsychotic drugs
Flaccidity - ANSWER-Low muscle tone
Medulla Oblongata - ANSWER-A portion of the brainstem that regulates vital
functions, including breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.
Meninges - ANSWER-three layers of connective tissue in which the brain and
spinal cord are wrapped
Midbrain - ANSWER-A small part of the brain above the pons that integrates
sensory information and relays it upward.
, Myelin - ANSWER-A layer of fatty tissue segmentally encasing the fibers of
many neurons; enables vastly greater transmission speed of neural impulses
as the impulse hops from one node to the next.
Neurilemma - ANSWER-membranous covering that protects the myelin
sheath
Neuron - ANSWER-Nerve cell
Neurotransmitters - ANSWER-Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic
gaps between neurons. When released by the sending neuron,
neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and bind to receptor sites on the
receiving neuron, thereby influencing whether that neuron will generate a
neural impulse.
Norepinephrine - ANSWER-A precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the
adrenal medulla and also released at synapses.
Parasympathetic Nervous System - ANSWER-A subdivision of the autonomic
nervous system that calms the body after action and also retains the body
functioning at is normal state (homeostasis)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - ANSWER-sensory and motor neurons that
connect the CNS to the rest of the body
Pia Mater - ANSWER-Inner layer of meninges; intimately attached to brain
following contours; carries small blood vessels to nourish underlying nervous
tissue;
Pons - ANSWER-A hindbrain structure that connects the medulla to the two
sides of the cerebellum; helps coordinate and integrate movements on each
side of the body
Subarachnoid Space - ANSWER-a space in the meninges beneath the
arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the
cerebrospinal fluid
