Foundations of Reading (190) MTEL
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWER - the smallest meaningful units of language that have
meaning (word parts like roots and affixes and various word endings that make a word change in
number of part of speech)
Morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER - a single word or letter. words may be formed by
combining multiple morphemes such as roots, bases, and affixes
Root - CORRECT ANSWER - core part of the word that holds the primary meaning
Base - CORRECT ANSWER - the standalone word
Prefix (affix) - CORRECT ANSWER - added to the base to negate the meaning
(beginning)
(un, mis, in, dis, re, pre, de, tri)
Suffix (affix) - CORRECT ANSWER - changes the base into an adjective (or different
parts of speech)
(s, es, ed, ing, ly, ion, tion, ation, ition, able, y, ness, ment, en, er, est)
Inflectional Morpheme/Endings - CORRECT ANSWER - modify the tense or number or
implies a comparison or possession (run >> running)
(-ed, -s, -es, -ing, -er, -est, -'s, -s')
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER - (individual sounds) you can hear them and say them
(example: /b/ /r/ /oo/ /m/ = 4 phonemes)
,Phonemic awareness skills order (most to least complex) - CORRECT ANSWER -
manipulation (adding, subtracting, substituting), segmenting, blending, isolation
Blend - CORRECT ANSWER - two or more consecutive consonant sounds that retain
their individual sounds ("st" in "last" or "spr" in spring )
High Frequency Types - CORRECT ANSWER - regular and irregular high frequency
words
Regular/Decodable high frequency - CORRECT ANSWER - words that have the regular
sounds that each letter makes like: at, but, had, and, can, not, in
Irregular high frequency - CORRECT ANSWER - words that have different sounds that
don't match each letter like: some, the, are, who, you, here, said, is
Types of Language Experiences - CORRECT ANSWER - formal and informal
formal language experience (written language) - CORRECT ANSWER - - less personal,
more official, and is utilized in speech settings such as conversing with a superior.
- used when writing for professional or academic purposes.
- does not use colloquialisms, contractions, or first-person pronouns (I/we)
- used for informational texts, written essays, news media
*model and encourage language play, introduce vocabulary and use it in context, engage in
shared writing with children, engage in interactive read-alouds with children
informal language experience (spoken language) - CORRECT ANSWER - - more causal
and mainly used with friends, family, on social media platforms, and some literary genres
- often includes the usage of slang, colloquialisms, and idioms
- personal emails, text messages, casual written discourse on a social media post, or a note to a
friend
- the tone of informal language is more personal than formal language
,*use pretend play, narratives, and explanations, build on children's interests, encourage children
to share stories, take turns in conversations
Benefits of informal oral language - CORRECT ANSWER - - distinguishes whether a
child strings ideas together or categorizes ideas
- demonstrates knowledge of syntax
- demonstrates which children are using language flexibly
Receptive Vocabulary - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability to understand and process the
language we hear or read
(understanding vocabulary and sentences, following instructions or directions, interpreting
questions or conversational cues.
Expressive Vocabulary - CORRECT ANSWER - how students communicate their
thoughts, feelings, and ideas to others. This can through speaking, writing, or even gestures.
(forming coherent sentences, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar, sharing ideas or
answering questions)
Graphic Organizers (Scaffolds) - CORRECT ANSWER - Story map (literary texts), plot
diagram (informational texts), sequencing (informational texts), summarizing (literary texts)
Types of Texts - CORRECT ANSWER - Literary and Informational text
Characteristics of Literary Texts - CORRECT ANSWER - plot, characters, figurative
language, points of view, word choice, authors craft
Characteristics of Informational Text - CORRECT ANSWER - paraphrasing, compare and
contrast, main idea, facts, opinions, point of view, word choice, authors craft
Diphthong - CORRECT ANSWER - two adjacent vowels in a single syllable. the sound
begins as one vowel and moves toward another (oy in boy and ou in cloud)
, Levels of Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - literal, inferential, and evaluative
Literal Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - identify a supporting detail, identify the
narrator of a text. recall where and when a story takes place (details, setting, main idea,
characters)
Inferential Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - make predictions, infer the main idea
of a text, identify the theme of a text (infer, predictions, theme)
Evaluative Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - determine if evidence and reasoning
is sound, analyze how the characters have changed, infer forces causing a character to evolve
(critical thinking and reasoning)
Instructional Elements for needs of learners - CORRECT ANSWER - content, process,
product
Content - CORRECT ANSWER - the knowledge and skills students need to master
Process - CORRECT ANSWER - the activities students use to master the content
Product - CORRECT ANSWER - the method students use to demonstrate learning
Reciprocal Teaching metacognitive strategies - CORRECT ANSWER - predicting,
questioning, clarifying, and summarizing
Assessment Types - CORRECT ANSWER - formal/authentic, informal
formative, summative
diagnostic
Standardized Assessments:
UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Morphology - CORRECT ANSWER - the smallest meaningful units of language that have
meaning (word parts like roots and affixes and various word endings that make a word change in
number of part of speech)
Morpheme - CORRECT ANSWER - a single word or letter. words may be formed by
combining multiple morphemes such as roots, bases, and affixes
Root - CORRECT ANSWER - core part of the word that holds the primary meaning
Base - CORRECT ANSWER - the standalone word
Prefix (affix) - CORRECT ANSWER - added to the base to negate the meaning
(beginning)
(un, mis, in, dis, re, pre, de, tri)
Suffix (affix) - CORRECT ANSWER - changes the base into an adjective (or different
parts of speech)
(s, es, ed, ing, ly, ion, tion, ation, ition, able, y, ness, ment, en, er, est)
Inflectional Morpheme/Endings - CORRECT ANSWER - modify the tense or number or
implies a comparison or possession (run >> running)
(-ed, -s, -es, -ing, -er, -est, -'s, -s')
Phonemes - CORRECT ANSWER - (individual sounds) you can hear them and say them
(example: /b/ /r/ /oo/ /m/ = 4 phonemes)
,Phonemic awareness skills order (most to least complex) - CORRECT ANSWER -
manipulation (adding, subtracting, substituting), segmenting, blending, isolation
Blend - CORRECT ANSWER - two or more consecutive consonant sounds that retain
their individual sounds ("st" in "last" or "spr" in spring )
High Frequency Types - CORRECT ANSWER - regular and irregular high frequency
words
Regular/Decodable high frequency - CORRECT ANSWER - words that have the regular
sounds that each letter makes like: at, but, had, and, can, not, in
Irregular high frequency - CORRECT ANSWER - words that have different sounds that
don't match each letter like: some, the, are, who, you, here, said, is
Types of Language Experiences - CORRECT ANSWER - formal and informal
formal language experience (written language) - CORRECT ANSWER - - less personal,
more official, and is utilized in speech settings such as conversing with a superior.
- used when writing for professional or academic purposes.
- does not use colloquialisms, contractions, or first-person pronouns (I/we)
- used for informational texts, written essays, news media
*model and encourage language play, introduce vocabulary and use it in context, engage in
shared writing with children, engage in interactive read-alouds with children
informal language experience (spoken language) - CORRECT ANSWER - - more causal
and mainly used with friends, family, on social media platforms, and some literary genres
- often includes the usage of slang, colloquialisms, and idioms
- personal emails, text messages, casual written discourse on a social media post, or a note to a
friend
- the tone of informal language is more personal than formal language
,*use pretend play, narratives, and explanations, build on children's interests, encourage children
to share stories, take turns in conversations
Benefits of informal oral language - CORRECT ANSWER - - distinguishes whether a
child strings ideas together or categorizes ideas
- demonstrates knowledge of syntax
- demonstrates which children are using language flexibly
Receptive Vocabulary - CORRECT ANSWER - the ability to understand and process the
language we hear or read
(understanding vocabulary and sentences, following instructions or directions, interpreting
questions or conversational cues.
Expressive Vocabulary - CORRECT ANSWER - how students communicate their
thoughts, feelings, and ideas to others. This can through speaking, writing, or even gestures.
(forming coherent sentences, using appropriate vocabulary and grammar, sharing ideas or
answering questions)
Graphic Organizers (Scaffolds) - CORRECT ANSWER - Story map (literary texts), plot
diagram (informational texts), sequencing (informational texts), summarizing (literary texts)
Types of Texts - CORRECT ANSWER - Literary and Informational text
Characteristics of Literary Texts - CORRECT ANSWER - plot, characters, figurative
language, points of view, word choice, authors craft
Characteristics of Informational Text - CORRECT ANSWER - paraphrasing, compare and
contrast, main idea, facts, opinions, point of view, word choice, authors craft
Diphthong - CORRECT ANSWER - two adjacent vowels in a single syllable. the sound
begins as one vowel and moves toward another (oy in boy and ou in cloud)
, Levels of Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - literal, inferential, and evaluative
Literal Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - identify a supporting detail, identify the
narrator of a text. recall where and when a story takes place (details, setting, main idea,
characters)
Inferential Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - make predictions, infer the main idea
of a text, identify the theme of a text (infer, predictions, theme)
Evaluative Comprehension - CORRECT ANSWER - determine if evidence and reasoning
is sound, analyze how the characters have changed, infer forces causing a character to evolve
(critical thinking and reasoning)
Instructional Elements for needs of learners - CORRECT ANSWER - content, process,
product
Content - CORRECT ANSWER - the knowledge and skills students need to master
Process - CORRECT ANSWER - the activities students use to master the content
Product - CORRECT ANSWER - the method students use to demonstrate learning
Reciprocal Teaching metacognitive strategies - CORRECT ANSWER - predicting,
questioning, clarifying, and summarizing
Assessment Types - CORRECT ANSWER - formal/authentic, informal
formative, summative
diagnostic
Standardized Assessments:
