To do:
Make a summary of notes
Make summary of readings
Go over PowerPoint slides
Immediacy and Addiction Part 2
Self control in addiciton
- Most people who try to quit would eventually succeed
- Different from animals, human has voluntary control of addictive behavior through
cognitive process
- Self control conflict:
- Synchronic multiple selves: two systems competes
- Diachronic multiple selves: individual with different preferences over time
- Relate to compatibalist ideas of freewill: with addiction = less freewill
Subjective value and intertemporal choice
- Objective value and delay of reward aren’t the only factors
- Ventral striatum, mPFC, PCC: subjective valuation of delayed reward → don’t
exclusively value immediate rewards/losses; greater activity during choices with large
gains and small losses
- Dual value system: beta (immediate/impulsive) competes with delta when delay
discounting is high
- Single value system: Beta regions are actually all regions associated with value, and delta
regions are those related to processes apart from valuation that are involved in
performing the task
- New data: beta region respond to delay, tracking overall value, not to discount more than
individual decision making (competitiong doesn’t work in intertemporal choices)
Diachronic multiple selves
- Predictable changes in preference over time
- Allows strategic maneuvers related to the change
- Source: delay discounting, incentive salience, emotion
Responses to Future Self Obstacle
1) Preccommitment
2) repression/suppression
3) Reaction formation
4) Resolutions (think something to change future situation)
, Marshmallow experiment
- We all started (as babies) demanding immediate
- Majority of 4 years old don’t wait
- Correlation with later life successes - delay times = good outcomes
- When rewards comprising an “indifference pair” are removed from a decision context,
the more immediate has higher incentive value
Kavka’s toxin puzzle
- Pay to intend to drink toxin but not following through
- Relate to resolution
- If repeat same scenario: precedent effect, reason to honor earlier intention for future
interest
Self-signaling effect/account - how is this related to the resolution
- View of what a cigarette means and motivational impact
- Implicit idea of cases having significance (signal something about me/future/expectation)
1) Conceive categories of decision (tmr , then tmr)
2) Holding categorical preference that are conceived to be vulnerable to future self
3) Conceiving current choice as holding value beyond what is literally at stake
Interremporal Bargaining
- Contingency implied, not “just this one”
1) Under-confidence in future self undercut resolve
2) Overconfidence in future self should also undercut resolve (free-rider payoff)
3) Anything that makes choice unique undermines status as precedent, undercut resolve
(vulnerable to rationalization)
4) Bright lines facilitate self-control
Stroop test (color-word)
- Dependent on PFC
- Habit and language
- Response inhibition: suppress inappropriate actions in context an that interfere with goal
driven behavior
- People with addiction bad at this
Self Control, Inhibition and PFC
Understanding neurobiological basis
Make a summary of notes
Make summary of readings
Go over PowerPoint slides
Immediacy and Addiction Part 2
Self control in addiciton
- Most people who try to quit would eventually succeed
- Different from animals, human has voluntary control of addictive behavior through
cognitive process
- Self control conflict:
- Synchronic multiple selves: two systems competes
- Diachronic multiple selves: individual with different preferences over time
- Relate to compatibalist ideas of freewill: with addiction = less freewill
Subjective value and intertemporal choice
- Objective value and delay of reward aren’t the only factors
- Ventral striatum, mPFC, PCC: subjective valuation of delayed reward → don’t
exclusively value immediate rewards/losses; greater activity during choices with large
gains and small losses
- Dual value system: beta (immediate/impulsive) competes with delta when delay
discounting is high
- Single value system: Beta regions are actually all regions associated with value, and delta
regions are those related to processes apart from valuation that are involved in
performing the task
- New data: beta region respond to delay, tracking overall value, not to discount more than
individual decision making (competitiong doesn’t work in intertemporal choices)
Diachronic multiple selves
- Predictable changes in preference over time
- Allows strategic maneuvers related to the change
- Source: delay discounting, incentive salience, emotion
Responses to Future Self Obstacle
1) Preccommitment
2) repression/suppression
3) Reaction formation
4) Resolutions (think something to change future situation)
, Marshmallow experiment
- We all started (as babies) demanding immediate
- Majority of 4 years old don’t wait
- Correlation with later life successes - delay times = good outcomes
- When rewards comprising an “indifference pair” are removed from a decision context,
the more immediate has higher incentive value
Kavka’s toxin puzzle
- Pay to intend to drink toxin but not following through
- Relate to resolution
- If repeat same scenario: precedent effect, reason to honor earlier intention for future
interest
Self-signaling effect/account - how is this related to the resolution
- View of what a cigarette means and motivational impact
- Implicit idea of cases having significance (signal something about me/future/expectation)
1) Conceive categories of decision (tmr , then tmr)
2) Holding categorical preference that are conceived to be vulnerable to future self
3) Conceiving current choice as holding value beyond what is literally at stake
Interremporal Bargaining
- Contingency implied, not “just this one”
1) Under-confidence in future self undercut resolve
2) Overconfidence in future self should also undercut resolve (free-rider payoff)
3) Anything that makes choice unique undermines status as precedent, undercut resolve
(vulnerable to rationalization)
4) Bright lines facilitate self-control
Stroop test (color-word)
- Dependent on PFC
- Habit and language
- Response inhibition: suppress inappropriate actions in context an that interfere with goal
driven behavior
- People with addiction bad at this
Self Control, Inhibition and PFC
Understanding neurobiological basis
