SS 120 HISTORY EXAM QUESTIONS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Psychic Crisis of the 1890s - ANSWER-The economy collapsing twice, country
enters wave of industrial policy crisis, foreign policy crisis, and populist uprising
(farmers in political revolt)
Populist Party - ANSWER-U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly
farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other
monopolies. They are anti-urban, anti-industrial, anti-immigrant, and Protestant
fundamentalism
A boom-bust economy - ANSWER-An economy that has a cycle of intense highs
and lows, the USAs way of industrialization. Could cause depressions. Depression of
1893 and 1897 which cause 20-25% unemployment
J.P. Morgan - ANSWER-An influential banker and businessman who bought and
reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and
become the largest business in the world in 1901. He helped the US get out of
bankruptcy to get out of depressions
Homestead Strike - ANSWER-1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the
Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was
brought in to force an end to the strike. Carnegie sent in goons when workers went
on strike to clear his place through but workers retaliated
Andrew Carnegie - ANSWER-A Scottish-born American industrialist and
philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his
company dominated the American steel industry. Became most powerful wealthy
man in the world. Bought out Homestead Steel Plant. The workers had unions and
they retaliated because he did major pay cuts
Pullman Strike (1894) - ANSWER-A staged walkout strike by railroad workers upset
by drastic wage cuts. The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported
by the American Federation of Labor. He did not allow Railroad companies to move
trains until the town of Pullman got justice. Eventually President Grover Cleveland
intervened because it was interfering with mail delivery and federal troops forced an
end to the strike. The strike highlighted both divisions within labor and the
government's continuing willingness to use armed force to combat work stoppages.
Pullman - ANSWER-Controlled the town of Pullman, had Monopoly money, could not
have freedom and life out of Pullman
Eugene V. Debs - ANSWER-Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid
workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court
order after the strike was over.
, Colorado Labor Wars - ANSWER-Miners blew up locations things out west,
Colorado, Idaho, etc. because there was no government control. They had the ability
to able to. A lot of the miners were killed by John Rockefeller
President Garfield and McKinley - ANSWER-Assassinated by radicalism's and
communists because nervous of liking in that direction
anarchist - ANSWER-person who seeks to overturn the established government;
advocate of abolishing authority
Rise in communist party - ANSWER-Around 40000 people joined this party,
desperate times because it's strictly government led. People wanted it because roof
over their heads, food, but zero freedom
William T. Sherman - ANSWER-general whose march to sea caused destruction to
the south, union general, led march to destroy all supplies and resoures, beginning
of total warfare. Wanted to change take the land from white Americans and give it to
the slaves. Dealt with everything in the south. Lincoln stopped this plan
What is the 15th amendment to the Constitution? - ANSWER-The right of citizens of
the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by
any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
What is the Radical Reconstruction? - ANSWER-When the soldiers went down
South to undo all Black Codes, and many of the democrats in the south hated the
13th, 14th, and 15th amendment
Labor in the USA caused - ANSWER-Deskilling
waves of immigration - ANSWER-factor(s) that pushed, or pulled, large groups of
people to move to another country, working for freedom to own land. Irish, Italians,
Germans, poles, Hungarians, Lithuanians, etc. have their new communities
Religious groups during 1890-1900s - ANSWER-Immigrants: Catholics, Americans:
protestant
Anti-immigrant sentiment - ANSWER-the feeling that too many immigrants were
coming into the country and changing the culture too much; was especially directed
at Chinese immigrants in the western U.S.
Terrence Powderly - ANSWER-Head of the workers union, sits down with William
Scranton to try and change wages. With Powderly, were able to negotiate depending
on the year with the Scrantons
John Rockefeller - ANSWER-Creator of the Standard Oil Company who made a
fortune on it and joined with competing companies in trust agreements that in other
words made an amazing monopoly. Low wages for workers, strong company. Very
rich and wealthy. This person was ruthless, bought up the Scranton company by
pushing them out of business.
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Psychic Crisis of the 1890s - ANSWER-The economy collapsing twice, country
enters wave of industrial policy crisis, foreign policy crisis, and populist uprising
(farmers in political revolt)
Populist Party - ANSWER-U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly
farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other
monopolies. They are anti-urban, anti-industrial, anti-immigrant, and Protestant
fundamentalism
A boom-bust economy - ANSWER-An economy that has a cycle of intense highs
and lows, the USAs way of industrialization. Could cause depressions. Depression of
1893 and 1897 which cause 20-25% unemployment
J.P. Morgan - ANSWER-An influential banker and businessman who bought and
reorganized companies. His US Steel company would buy Carnegie steel and
become the largest business in the world in 1901. He helped the US get out of
bankruptcy to get out of depressions
Homestead Strike - ANSWER-1892 steelworker strike near Pittsburgh against the
Carnegie Steel Company. Ten workers were killed in a riot when "scab" labor was
brought in to force an end to the strike. Carnegie sent in goons when workers went
on strike to clear his place through but workers retaliated
Andrew Carnegie - ANSWER-A Scottish-born American industrialist and
philanthropist who founded the Carnegie Steel Company in 1892. By 1901, his
company dominated the American steel industry. Became most powerful wealthy
man in the world. Bought out Homestead Steel Plant. The workers had unions and
they retaliated because he did major pay cuts
Pullman Strike (1894) - ANSWER-A staged walkout strike by railroad workers upset
by drastic wage cuts. The strike was led by socialist Eugene Debs but not supported
by the American Federation of Labor. He did not allow Railroad companies to move
trains until the town of Pullman got justice. Eventually President Grover Cleveland
intervened because it was interfering with mail delivery and federal troops forced an
end to the strike. The strike highlighted both divisions within labor and the
government's continuing willingness to use armed force to combat work stoppages.
Pullman - ANSWER-Controlled the town of Pullman, had Monopoly money, could not
have freedom and life out of Pullman
Eugene V. Debs - ANSWER-Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid
workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court
order after the strike was over.
, Colorado Labor Wars - ANSWER-Miners blew up locations things out west,
Colorado, Idaho, etc. because there was no government control. They had the ability
to able to. A lot of the miners were killed by John Rockefeller
President Garfield and McKinley - ANSWER-Assassinated by radicalism's and
communists because nervous of liking in that direction
anarchist - ANSWER-person who seeks to overturn the established government;
advocate of abolishing authority
Rise in communist party - ANSWER-Around 40000 people joined this party,
desperate times because it's strictly government led. People wanted it because roof
over their heads, food, but zero freedom
William T. Sherman - ANSWER-general whose march to sea caused destruction to
the south, union general, led march to destroy all supplies and resoures, beginning
of total warfare. Wanted to change take the land from white Americans and give it to
the slaves. Dealt with everything in the south. Lincoln stopped this plan
What is the 15th amendment to the Constitution? - ANSWER-The right of citizens of
the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by
any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
What is the Radical Reconstruction? - ANSWER-When the soldiers went down
South to undo all Black Codes, and many of the democrats in the south hated the
13th, 14th, and 15th amendment
Labor in the USA caused - ANSWER-Deskilling
waves of immigration - ANSWER-factor(s) that pushed, or pulled, large groups of
people to move to another country, working for freedom to own land. Irish, Italians,
Germans, poles, Hungarians, Lithuanians, etc. have their new communities
Religious groups during 1890-1900s - ANSWER-Immigrants: Catholics, Americans:
protestant
Anti-immigrant sentiment - ANSWER-the feeling that too many immigrants were
coming into the country and changing the culture too much; was especially directed
at Chinese immigrants in the western U.S.
Terrence Powderly - ANSWER-Head of the workers union, sits down with William
Scranton to try and change wages. With Powderly, were able to negotiate depending
on the year with the Scrantons
John Rockefeller - ANSWER-Creator of the Standard Oil Company who made a
fortune on it and joined with competing companies in trust agreements that in other
words made an amazing monopoly. Low wages for workers, strong company. Very
rich and wealthy. This person was ruthless, bought up the Scranton company by
pushing them out of business.
