PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1
RASMUSSEN WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
passive immunity ( correct answers ) Transfer of performed
antibodies against a specific antigen from protected or immunized
individual to an unprotected or non- immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity ( correct answers ) IgA
in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy
(direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) ( correct
answers ) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid)
( correct answers ) 135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range ( correct answers ) 9-11 mg/dL OR
4.5-5.5 mEq/L Phosphate value normal range ( correct answers )
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range ( correct answers )
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood)(
correct answers ) 23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L
( correct answers ) hypokalemia Condition of high potassium >5
mEq/L ( correct answers )
Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L ( correct answers ) hyponatremia /
hypernatremia Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L ( correct answers )
hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL ( correct answers )
hypophophatemia Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL ( correct
, Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L ( correct answers )
Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L ( correct
answers ) hypomagnesemia Condition of high
magnesium >2.5 mEq/L ( correct answers )
Hypermagesemia condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL ( correct
answers ) hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL ( correct answers )
hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology ( correct answers ) the study of abnormalities in
physiologic functioning of living beings
Pathology ( correct answers ) the study and diagnosis of disease
through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology ( correct answers ) The study of the causes and origins
of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology ( correct answers )
etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis ( correct answers ) development or evolution of a
disease
clinical manifestation ( correct answers ) signs and symptoms or
evidence of disease
exacerbation ( correct answers ) a relatively sudden increase in the
severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission ( correct answers ) decline in severity of symptoms
sequela ( correct answers ) a disorder or condition usually resulting from
a previous disease or injury
acute ( correct answers ) sudden onset and short
duration chronic ( correct answers ) long term
Primary level of prevention ( correct answers )
altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention ( correct answers )
Immunization, health/sex ed, quit smoking drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention ( correct answers ) -
conduction activities that help prevent a worsening health status by
RASMUSSEN WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS 2025
passive immunity ( correct answers ) Transfer of performed
antibodies against a specific antigen from protected or immunized
individual to an unprotected or non- immunized individual
Examples of passive immunity ( correct answers ) IgA
in breast milk, maternal IgG crossing placenta, antitoxin, serotherapy
(direct injection of antibodies)
Potassium Value normal range( intercellular cation) ( correct
answers ) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Sodium value normal range (major cation of extracellular fluid)
( correct answers ) 135-145 mEq/L
Calcium value normal range ( correct answers ) 9-11 mg/dL OR
4.5-5.5 mEq/L Phosphate value normal range ( correct answers )
2.5-4.5 mg/dL
Magnesium value normal range ( correct answers )
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Bicarbonate value normal range (second most abundant anion in blood)(
correct answers ) 23-30 mEq/L
Condition of low potassium < 3.5 mEq/L
( correct answers ) hypokalemia Condition of high potassium >5
mEq/L ( correct answers )
Hyperkalemia
Condition of sodium < 135 mEq/L ( correct answers ) hyponatremia /
hypernatremia Condition of high sodium>145 mEq/L ( correct answers )
hypernatremia
condition of low phosphate < 2.5 mg/dL ( correct answers )
hypophophatemia Condition of high phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL ( correct
, Condition of high chloride > 106 mEq/L ( correct answers )
Hyperchloremia
Condition of low magnesium <1.5 mEq/L ( correct
answers ) hypomagnesemia Condition of high
magnesium >2.5 mEq/L ( correct answers )
Hypermagesemia condition of low calcium< 9mg/dL ( correct
answers ) hypocalcemia
condition of high calcium > 11mg/dL ( correct answers )
hypercalcemia
Pathophysiology ( correct answers ) the study of abnormalities in
physiologic functioning of living beings
Pathology ( correct answers ) the study and diagnosis of disease
through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids
Etiology ( correct answers ) The study of the causes and origins
of disease
4 topics of pathophysiology ( correct answers )
etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatment
pathogenesis ( correct answers ) development or evolution of a
disease
clinical manifestation ( correct answers ) signs and symptoms or
evidence of disease
exacerbation ( correct answers ) a relatively sudden increase in the
severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptom
remission ( correct answers ) decline in severity of symptoms
sequela ( correct answers ) a disorder or condition usually resulting from
a previous disease or injury
acute ( correct answers ) sudden onset and short
duration chronic ( correct answers ) long term
Primary level of prevention ( correct answers )
altering susceptibility; reducing exposure for susceptible persons
Example of primary prevention ( correct answers )
Immunization, health/sex ed, quit smoking drinking or poor diet.
Secondary level of prevention ( correct answers ) -
conduction activities that help prevent a worsening health status by
