unit 1- N440 UPDATED ACTUAL Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
a process by which the body's white blood cells and subtances they produce protect us from
infection with foreign organisms - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation
what is the role of the acute inflammatory response? - CORRECT ANSWER - to eradicate
the harmful stimuli from the body and initiate repair
if inflammation continues for weeks to years after the initial injury it is termed ____ -
CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
what are the 3 goals of an acute inflammatory response? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. to
increase blood flow to the site of injury (vasodilation)
2. to alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury (blood vessels= more permeable)
3. to remove injured tissue and prepare the site for repair and healing (phagocytosis)
what is an example of the bodys 1st degree defense mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWER -
the skin
2nd degree defense mechanism: - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammatory response
3rd degree defense mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - immune response
what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation (local)? - CORRECT ANSWER - redness
swelling
heat
pain
loss of function
,_____ and _____ are the effects of increased blood flow to the site of injury; it is needed to
dilute the harmful substances at the site of injury and to start phagocytosis - CORRECT
ANSWER - redness and heat
_____ is caused when the lining of the blood vessel becomes more permeable or loosens to allow
cells to easily move from the vessel into the injured tissue causing fluid accumulation -
CORRECT ANSWER - swelling
_____ is caused by the release of chemicals that stimulate nerve endings - CORRECT
ANSWER - pain
what are the four systemic manifestations of inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
fever
2. fatigue/ malaise
3. leukocytosis
4. tachycardia- possible
this is an increase in WBC (above 11,000) - CORRECT ANSWER - leukocytosis
what is the normal values for WBC? - CORRECT ANSWER - 4500-11000 mm3
what is the normal value % for neutrophils? - CORRECT ANSWER - 50-70%
what is the normal value % for lymphocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER - 15-45%
what is the normal value % for monocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2-10%
what is the normal value % for eosinophils? - CORRECT ANSWER - <6 %
,what is the normal value for basophils? - CORRECT ANSWER - <2%
RICE and what it does - CORRECT ANSWER - rest- decreases blood flow
ice- vasoconstricts vessels
compression- decreases blood flow and edema formation
elevation- decreases blood flow
after applying compression device what should the nurse monitor for? - CORRECT
ANSWER - CMS- numbness, tingling, cap refill
elevate extremities ____ the heart - CORRECT ANSWER - above
you should ice ____ min on and __-__ hrs off - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 min on and 2-3
hrs off
___ inflammation can be caused by infections, trauma, foreign bodies, hypersensitivity reaction -
CORRECT ANSWER - acute
____ inflammation may occur in response to unwanted substances in the body (smoke, fat cells,
inflammation inside arteries) - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
what are some potential causes of chronic inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER -
persistant injury or infection
prolonged exposure to toxic agent
autoimmune disorder
immediate response, sudden onset, characterized by the 5 cardinal signs, neutrophils appear first
in greatest numbers, and minimal scarring occurs all indicates a _____ inflammation -
CORRECT ANSWER - acute
, occurs weeks to years after initial injury, slower onset, associated more with systemic
manifestations, can be related to an unrelenting injury, persistance infectious process or an
autoimmune condition, and is marked by fiborsis, scarring, or granuloma formation all indicated
a ____ inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
eradicate the harmful stimuli from the body - CORRECT ANSWER - acute inflammation
fever, fatigue, leukocytosis, enlarged lymph nodes - CORRECT ANSWER - systemic
manifestations
non-specific tests; confirm inflammation is present - CORRECT ANSWER - C-RP and
ESR labs
suppress inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - steroids
very young or old, uninsured - CORRECT ANSWER - risk factors
an immunologic defense against tissue injury, infection, or allergy - CORRECT
ANSWER - inflammation
continues for weeks to years after initial injury - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
inflammation
check for elevated levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes indicating infection - CORRECT
ANSWER - CBC with diff
consists of serum, fibrin, WBCs that pass from blood vessels into area of inflammation -
CORRECT ANSWER - exudate
Questions and CORRECT Answers
a process by which the body's white blood cells and subtances they produce protect us from
infection with foreign organisms - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammation
what is the role of the acute inflammatory response? - CORRECT ANSWER - to eradicate
the harmful stimuli from the body and initiate repair
if inflammation continues for weeks to years after the initial injury it is termed ____ -
CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
what are the 3 goals of an acute inflammatory response? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. to
increase blood flow to the site of injury (vasodilation)
2. to alert the products of healing to attend to the site of injury (blood vessels= more permeable)
3. to remove injured tissue and prepare the site for repair and healing (phagocytosis)
what is an example of the bodys 1st degree defense mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWER -
the skin
2nd degree defense mechanism: - CORRECT ANSWER - inflammatory response
3rd degree defense mechanisms - CORRECT ANSWER - immune response
what are the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation (local)? - CORRECT ANSWER - redness
swelling
heat
pain
loss of function
,_____ and _____ are the effects of increased blood flow to the site of injury; it is needed to
dilute the harmful substances at the site of injury and to start phagocytosis - CORRECT
ANSWER - redness and heat
_____ is caused when the lining of the blood vessel becomes more permeable or loosens to allow
cells to easily move from the vessel into the injured tissue causing fluid accumulation -
CORRECT ANSWER - swelling
_____ is caused by the release of chemicals that stimulate nerve endings - CORRECT
ANSWER - pain
what are the four systemic manifestations of inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
fever
2. fatigue/ malaise
3. leukocytosis
4. tachycardia- possible
this is an increase in WBC (above 11,000) - CORRECT ANSWER - leukocytosis
what is the normal values for WBC? - CORRECT ANSWER - 4500-11000 mm3
what is the normal value % for neutrophils? - CORRECT ANSWER - 50-70%
what is the normal value % for lymphocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER - 15-45%
what is the normal value % for monocytes? - CORRECT ANSWER - 2-10%
what is the normal value % for eosinophils? - CORRECT ANSWER - <6 %
,what is the normal value for basophils? - CORRECT ANSWER - <2%
RICE and what it does - CORRECT ANSWER - rest- decreases blood flow
ice- vasoconstricts vessels
compression- decreases blood flow and edema formation
elevation- decreases blood flow
after applying compression device what should the nurse monitor for? - CORRECT
ANSWER - CMS- numbness, tingling, cap refill
elevate extremities ____ the heart - CORRECT ANSWER - above
you should ice ____ min on and __-__ hrs off - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 min on and 2-3
hrs off
___ inflammation can be caused by infections, trauma, foreign bodies, hypersensitivity reaction -
CORRECT ANSWER - acute
____ inflammation may occur in response to unwanted substances in the body (smoke, fat cells,
inflammation inside arteries) - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
what are some potential causes of chronic inflammation? - CORRECT ANSWER -
persistant injury or infection
prolonged exposure to toxic agent
autoimmune disorder
immediate response, sudden onset, characterized by the 5 cardinal signs, neutrophils appear first
in greatest numbers, and minimal scarring occurs all indicates a _____ inflammation -
CORRECT ANSWER - acute
, occurs weeks to years after initial injury, slower onset, associated more with systemic
manifestations, can be related to an unrelenting injury, persistance infectious process or an
autoimmune condition, and is marked by fiborsis, scarring, or granuloma formation all indicated
a ____ inflammation - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
eradicate the harmful stimuli from the body - CORRECT ANSWER - acute inflammation
fever, fatigue, leukocytosis, enlarged lymph nodes - CORRECT ANSWER - systemic
manifestations
non-specific tests; confirm inflammation is present - CORRECT ANSWER - C-RP and
ESR labs
suppress inflammatory response - CORRECT ANSWER - steroids
very young or old, uninsured - CORRECT ANSWER - risk factors
an immunologic defense against tissue injury, infection, or allergy - CORRECT
ANSWER - inflammation
continues for weeks to years after initial injury - CORRECT ANSWER - chronic
inflammation
check for elevated levels of neutrophils and lymphocytes indicating infection - CORRECT
ANSWER - CBC with diff
consists of serum, fibrin, WBCs that pass from blood vessels into area of inflammation -
CORRECT ANSWER - exudate
