PTC FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Culture - ANSWERSThe learned and shared values, a system of beliefs and attitudes or control
mechanisms that shape our behavior.
Diversity - ANSWERSDifferences in characteristics, qualities, traits, values, beliefs, and
mannerisms in self and others based on predetermined factors (i.e., gender, race, etc.) and
changeable features (i.e., language, citizenship).
Identity - ANSWERSDefined as knowing who we are and to what groups we belong to.
English language learners (ELLs) - ANSWERSIndividuals who are monolingual speakers of other
languages.
Dual language program - ANSWERSEmphasis is on the native language first in grades
kindergarten and first. Gradual use of English begins in second or third, and both languages are
used equally in fourth and fifth grade (90/10 model). The 50/50 model is one in which half of
the instruction is English and half in Spanish, but no simultaneously. Some subjects are taught in
the native language and others in English.
Maintenance program (Late exit) - ANSWERSPrograms focus on maintaining the native language
for instruction with ELL component very often up until fifth or sixth grade, depending on the
school.
Transitional Bilingual Education program - ANSWERSInstruction in the native language and
English from kindergarten and an ELL component. Instruction in the native language decreases
until about third or fourth grade, when the native-language instruction is replaced with English
instruction.
, Culturally relevant pedagogy - ANSWERSA theoretical model that not only addresses student
achievement but also helps students accept and affirm their cultural identity while developing
critical perspectives that challenge inequities that schools (and other institutions) perpetuate.
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 - ANSWERSRequires that "no otherwise
qualified handicapped individual in the United States, shall solely by reason of his handicap, be
excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination
under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance". The law requires public
schools to provide students with a "free appropriate public education" and, in addition, ensures
that students with disabilities are afforded an equal opportunity to participate in school
programs.
The Americans with Disabilities Act - ANSWERSA law that states that child-care centers designed
as public accommodations, must be available to all who desire to use them. They must serve all
children, including those who are disabled, unless (a) the child is a direct threat to self or others,
(b) the facility cannot provide child care without it being an undue burden, or (c) the child-care
center would have to change the services it provides.
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 - ANSWERSAll people between the ages of 3
and 18 must be provided with free and appropriate public education. The education must be in
a program designed to meet the child's needs in the least restrictive environment.
Pull out services - ANSWERSServices in which children with similar needs are "pulled out" of
their base classroom to meet with a specialist for small-group teaching.
Push in services - ANSWERSServices in which the specialist assigned to children with disabilities
works in their base classroom.
Reverse inclusion - ANSWERSA type of program in which typically developing children are
brought to the special education classroom for short periods of time to interact with children
with disabilities.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Culture - ANSWERSThe learned and shared values, a system of beliefs and attitudes or control
mechanisms that shape our behavior.
Diversity - ANSWERSDifferences in characteristics, qualities, traits, values, beliefs, and
mannerisms in self and others based on predetermined factors (i.e., gender, race, etc.) and
changeable features (i.e., language, citizenship).
Identity - ANSWERSDefined as knowing who we are and to what groups we belong to.
English language learners (ELLs) - ANSWERSIndividuals who are monolingual speakers of other
languages.
Dual language program - ANSWERSEmphasis is on the native language first in grades
kindergarten and first. Gradual use of English begins in second or third, and both languages are
used equally in fourth and fifth grade (90/10 model). The 50/50 model is one in which half of
the instruction is English and half in Spanish, but no simultaneously. Some subjects are taught in
the native language and others in English.
Maintenance program (Late exit) - ANSWERSPrograms focus on maintaining the native language
for instruction with ELL component very often up until fifth or sixth grade, depending on the
school.
Transitional Bilingual Education program - ANSWERSInstruction in the native language and
English from kindergarten and an ELL component. Instruction in the native language decreases
until about third or fourth grade, when the native-language instruction is replaced with English
instruction.
, Culturally relevant pedagogy - ANSWERSA theoretical model that not only addresses student
achievement but also helps students accept and affirm their cultural identity while developing
critical perspectives that challenge inequities that schools (and other institutions) perpetuate.
Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 504 - ANSWERSRequires that "no otherwise
qualified handicapped individual in the United States, shall solely by reason of his handicap, be
excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination
under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance". The law requires public
schools to provide students with a "free appropriate public education" and, in addition, ensures
that students with disabilities are afforded an equal opportunity to participate in school
programs.
The Americans with Disabilities Act - ANSWERSA law that states that child-care centers designed
as public accommodations, must be available to all who desire to use them. They must serve all
children, including those who are disabled, unless (a) the child is a direct threat to self or others,
(b) the facility cannot provide child care without it being an undue burden, or (c) the child-care
center would have to change the services it provides.
Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 - ANSWERSAll people between the ages of 3
and 18 must be provided with free and appropriate public education. The education must be in
a program designed to meet the child's needs in the least restrictive environment.
Pull out services - ANSWERSServices in which children with similar needs are "pulled out" of
their base classroom to meet with a specialist for small-group teaching.
Push in services - ANSWERSServices in which the specialist assigned to children with disabilities
works in their base classroom.
Reverse inclusion - ANSWERSA type of program in which typically developing children are
brought to the special education classroom for short periods of time to interact with children
with disabilities.
