TEST BANK
Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography
Eleanor Criswell
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Introduction 1
Chapter 02 Anatomy and Physiology 6
Chapter 03 Instrumentation 14
Chapter 04 Electrodes and Site Selection Strategies 23
Chapter 05 General Assessment Considerations 29
Chapter 06 Static Assessment and Clinical Protocol 36
Chapter 07 Emotional Assessment and Clinical Protocol 43
Chapter 08 Dynamic Assessment 49
Chapter 09 Treatment Considerations and Protocols 55
Chapter 10 Documentation 62
Chapter 11 The History of Muscle Dysfunction and Surface Electromyography By J. R.
Cram and M. Durie 67
Chapter 12 Somatics and Surface Electromyography By Eleanor Criswell 74
Chapter 13 Electromyographic Assessment of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders By Marek
Jantos 82
Chapter 14 Surface Electromyography Past, Present, and Future By Eleanor Criswell 90
Chapter 16 Electrode Atlas Overview 96
Chapter 17 Electrode Placements 101
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
Chapter 01 Introduction
Multiple Choice
1. The history of surface electromyography (SEMG) includes:
A. discovery of electricity.
B. the development of the ability to see through the aid of instruments things that cannot be seen, felt,
or touched with the normal senses
C. the discovery of electroencephalography
D. A and B
Ans: D
Page: 3
2. In the 1800s, the galvanometer, a tool for measuring ______ , was invented.
A. light
B. electrical currents and muscle activity
C. electromagnetic radiation
D. motor units
Ans: B
Page: 3
3. As a result of continuing improvements in EMG instrumentation during the 1930s through
the 1950s, researchers began to use SEMG more widely for the study of:
A. normal and abnormal muscle function
B. cardiac function
C. immune system function
D. sympathetic nervous system dysregulation
Ans: A
Page: 4
4. During the 1930s, Edmund Jacobson, the father of progressive relaxation, used SEMG
extensively to study:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
A. the effects of imagination and emotion on muscles
B. level of trance
C. improvement of symptoms
D. compliance of patients
Ans: A
Page: 4
5. During the ______, the technique of biofeedback was born.
A. 1960s
B. 1950s
C. 1930s
D. 2000s
Ans: A.
Page: 4
6. Basmajian's work on _______________ training provided some of the impetus for research
on biofeedback. Although this type of training entailed the use of fine-wire electrodes rather
than surface electrodes, it clearly demonstrated that EMG feedback could be used to train the
neuromuscular system down to its most basic element:
A. the muscle fiber
B. neuromuscular spindles
C. the single motor unit
D. the Golgi tendon organ
Ans: C
Page: 4
7. Elmer Green first used SEMG with biofeedback at the Menninger Clinic, where he
modified:
A. Basmajian's single motor unit training paradigm for general relaxation training
B. the psychotherapeutic protocol at the Menninger Clinic
C. SEMG protocols
D. EEG training protocols
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
Ans: A
Page: 4
8. A few years after Green’s pioneering work in SEMG, Budzynski and colleagues began
using SEMG feedback to treat:
A. migraine headaches
B. muscle contraction headaches
C. low-back pain
D. postural issues
Ans: B
Page: 4
9. Clinical use of SEMG for the treatment of more specific disorders began in the:
A. 1960s
B. 1970s
C. 1990s
D. 2000s
Ans: A
Page: 4
10. In the early 1980s, Cram and Steger introduced a clinical method for scanning a variety of
muscles using:
A. a handheld SEMG sensing device
B. a galvanometer
C. a clinical SEMG system
D. a handheld heat sensor
Ans: A
Page: 4
11. The use of SEMG has many advantages including:
A. Surface EMG recordings provide a safe, easy, and noninvasive method that allows objective
quantification of the energy of the muscle.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
B. It is not necessary to penetrate the skin and record from single motor units in order to obtain
useful and meaningful information regarding muscles.
C. One can “see” synergies in the energy patterns that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
D. All of the above
Ans: D
Page: 5
12. The tracings and numerical printouts associated with SEMG provide information to
clinicians and researchers regarding:
A. pain levels of patients
B. malingering
C. mechanisms of muscle function and dysfunction and methods to improve treatment
approaches
D. psychological concerns of patients
Ans: C
Page: 5
13. The weakness of SEMG is inherent in:
A. anatomical knowledge, appropriate instrumentation, and appropriate procedures for its use
B. the anatomy we study, the instruments we use to study it, and the methods or procedures
we choose
C. skilled use of SEMG
D. none of the above
Ans: B
Page: 6
14. One difficulty with SEMG is the possibility of __________ , a phenomenon in which energy from
one muscle group travels over into the recording field of another muscle group.
A. accurate recording
B. appropriate electrode placement
C. filtering out the 60-Hz artifact
D. cross-talk
Ans: D
Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
15. The practitioner should remember that SEMG is:
A. a measure of muscle force
B. a measure of muscle strength
C. the amount of effort given, or muscle resting length
D. a measure of the electrical activity given off by the muscle
Ans: D
Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
Chapter 02 Anatomy and Physiology
Multiple Choice
1. To consider the human musculature outside the context of a complex and interdependent
system such as the human body is probably:
A. a simple process with modern technology
B. impossible
C. only partially feasible
D. not fair
Ans: D
Page: 9
2. The bones provide the rigidity needed for:
A. carrying objects
B. giving the body a solid structure
C. erect posture and movement of the extremities
D. withstanding forces
Ans: C
Page: 9
3. Muscles provide:
A. erect posture for the bones
B. stability to the bones
C. calcium for the bones
D. A and B
Ans: B
Page: 10
4. The stretch receptors of the muscle spindle place an excitatory valence on the _____________
, while the ______________ provide the reflex-driven inhibitory potentials.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography
Eleanor Criswell
2nd Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 Introduction 1
Chapter 02 Anatomy and Physiology 6
Chapter 03 Instrumentation 14
Chapter 04 Electrodes and Site Selection Strategies 23
Chapter 05 General Assessment Considerations 29
Chapter 06 Static Assessment and Clinical Protocol 36
Chapter 07 Emotional Assessment and Clinical Protocol 43
Chapter 08 Dynamic Assessment 49
Chapter 09 Treatment Considerations and Protocols 55
Chapter 10 Documentation 62
Chapter 11 The History of Muscle Dysfunction and Surface Electromyography By J. R.
Cram and M. Durie 67
Chapter 12 Somatics and Surface Electromyography By Eleanor Criswell 74
Chapter 13 Electromyographic Assessment of Female Pelvic Floor Disorders By Marek
Jantos 82
Chapter 14 Surface Electromyography Past, Present, and Future By Eleanor Criswell 90
Chapter 16 Electrode Atlas Overview 96
Chapter 17 Electrode Placements 101
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
Chapter 01 Introduction
Multiple Choice
1. The history of surface electromyography (SEMG) includes:
A. discovery of electricity.
B. the development of the ability to see through the aid of instruments things that cannot be seen, felt,
or touched with the normal senses
C. the discovery of electroencephalography
D. A and B
Ans: D
Page: 3
2. In the 1800s, the galvanometer, a tool for measuring ______ , was invented.
A. light
B. electrical currents and muscle activity
C. electromagnetic radiation
D. motor units
Ans: B
Page: 3
3. As a result of continuing improvements in EMG instrumentation during the 1930s through
the 1950s, researchers began to use SEMG more widely for the study of:
A. normal and abnormal muscle function
B. cardiac function
C. immune system function
D. sympathetic nervous system dysregulation
Ans: A
Page: 4
4. During the 1930s, Edmund Jacobson, the father of progressive relaxation, used SEMG
extensively to study:
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
A. the effects of imagination and emotion on muscles
B. level of trance
C. improvement of symptoms
D. compliance of patients
Ans: A
Page: 4
5. During the ______, the technique of biofeedback was born.
A. 1960s
B. 1950s
C. 1930s
D. 2000s
Ans: A.
Page: 4
6. Basmajian's work on _______________ training provided some of the impetus for research
on biofeedback. Although this type of training entailed the use of fine-wire electrodes rather
than surface electrodes, it clearly demonstrated that EMG feedback could be used to train the
neuromuscular system down to its most basic element:
A. the muscle fiber
B. neuromuscular spindles
C. the single motor unit
D. the Golgi tendon organ
Ans: C
Page: 4
7. Elmer Green first used SEMG with biofeedback at the Menninger Clinic, where he
modified:
A. Basmajian's single motor unit training paradigm for general relaxation training
B. the psychotherapeutic protocol at the Menninger Clinic
C. SEMG protocols
D. EEG training protocols
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
Ans: A
Page: 4
8. A few years after Green’s pioneering work in SEMG, Budzynski and colleagues began
using SEMG feedback to treat:
A. migraine headaches
B. muscle contraction headaches
C. low-back pain
D. postural issues
Ans: B
Page: 4
9. Clinical use of SEMG for the treatment of more specific disorders began in the:
A. 1960s
B. 1970s
C. 1990s
D. 2000s
Ans: A
Page: 4
10. In the early 1980s, Cram and Steger introduced a clinical method for scanning a variety of
muscles using:
A. a handheld SEMG sensing device
B. a galvanometer
C. a clinical SEMG system
D. a handheld heat sensor
Ans: A
Page: 4
11. The use of SEMG has many advantages including:
A. Surface EMG recordings provide a safe, easy, and noninvasive method that allows objective
quantification of the energy of the muscle.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
3|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
B. It is not necessary to penetrate the skin and record from single motor units in order to obtain
useful and meaningful information regarding muscles.
C. One can “see” synergies in the energy patterns that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
D. All of the above
Ans: D
Page: 5
12. The tracings and numerical printouts associated with SEMG provide information to
clinicians and researchers regarding:
A. pain levels of patients
B. malingering
C. mechanisms of muscle function and dysfunction and methods to improve treatment
approaches
D. psychological concerns of patients
Ans: C
Page: 5
13. The weakness of SEMG is inherent in:
A. anatomical knowledge, appropriate instrumentation, and appropriate procedures for its use
B. the anatomy we study, the instruments we use to study it, and the methods or procedures
we choose
C. skilled use of SEMG
D. none of the above
Ans: B
Page: 6
14. One difficulty with SEMG is the possibility of __________ , a phenomenon in which energy from
one muscle group travels over into the recording field of another muscle group.
A. accurate recording
B. appropriate electrode placement
C. filtering out the 60-Hz artifact
D. cross-talk
Ans: D
Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
15. The practitioner should remember that SEMG is:
A. a measure of muscle force
B. a measure of muscle strength
C. the amount of effort given, or muscle resting length
D. a measure of the electrical activity given off by the muscle
Ans: D
Page: 6
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Cram's Introduction to Surface Electromyography, 2nd Edition (Criswell, 2011)
Chapter 02 Anatomy and Physiology
Multiple Choice
1. To consider the human musculature outside the context of a complex and interdependent
system such as the human body is probably:
A. a simple process with modern technology
B. impossible
C. only partially feasible
D. not fair
Ans: D
Page: 9
2. The bones provide the rigidity needed for:
A. carrying objects
B. giving the body a solid structure
C. erect posture and movement of the extremities
D. withstanding forces
Ans: C
Page: 9
3. Muscles provide:
A. erect posture for the bones
B. stability to the bones
C. calcium for the bones
D. A and B
Ans: B
Page: 10
4. The stretch receptors of the muscle spindle place an excitatory valence on the _____________
, while the ______________ provide the reflex-driven inhibitory potentials.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
6|Page
