Geol 105 Final Exam Review QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
1. . Where did you get your Incus and Malleus internal ear bones? - ANSWER-
2. Are all species related? Please give an explanation for. - ANSWER-Yes. Just as the
tree of existence illustrates, all organisms, each living and extinct, are related.
3. Are birds dinosaurs? Why/why now not? - ANSWER-Yes
4. Be certain the following whales: Ambulocetus, Dorundon, and Pakicetus, Toothed
Whales, and Baleen Whales - ANSWER-1) Pakicetus: four limbs, Earliest whale,
lived mostly on land in swamp environments.
2) Ambulocetus:- lives primary on land and in sparkling water. Half/1/2- elongated
head and body- hind limbs used as a fin
three) Dorudon:- Deep water whale- Direct ancestor to modern whales.- misplaced
hind limbs- tail fin for propulsion
5. By the quit of the Cretaceous, had been there many different forms of mammals?
Explain. - ANSWER-No, because dinosaurs dominated the preceding length and
once they went extinct, only few styles of mammals had been left.
6. Describe an average Mesozoic mammal. - ANSWER-They were small, nocturnal,
insectivorous
7. Describe an early horse with admire to legs, enamel, weight loss plan - ANSWER--
Small (canine size)- 4 Toes- Browser: low crowned- Pointed enamel, U shape jaw.-
Similar to trendy goat.
8. Describe some simple developments in horse evolution (legs, length, mouth, and
enamel). Describe the changes to horse legs over final fifty five million years of
evolution. - ANSWER-- Teeth have become high topped- Narrower, U fashioned
mouths- Forest to grasslands- longer legs with hoofs, reduction of digits
9. Describe the ancestor of Primates. - ANSWER-- Small, tree-dwelling animals
- Lived in tree cover
- Insect hunters and fruit eaters
- Hands and ft for grasping (opposable thumb and big toe)
- Color vision
- Socialization complements brain ability
10.Describe the earliest regarded mammal, Morganucodon. When did it live? What turned
into the scale, morphology, and ecology of Morganucodon? - ANSWER-Late Triassic -
egg laying - international - insectivores-carnivores - terrific senses - hair - longer
snout & larger brain than cynodont - agile climbers & jumpers - bendy neck - spine
can flex up & down + laterally like therapsids - teeth absolutely differentiated, front
teeth replaced as soon as - one set molars - molars have double roots, molar teeth
three cusps in a line = triconodont - shrew - earliest recognised mammal - quite
small (rat sized) - changed into starting to evolve the contemporary mammalian
, ear with the aid of reducing the bones within the again of the jaw, incorporated by
way of later mammals into the center ear ossicles - oldest transitional to mammal
11.Discuss the evolution of whale listening to. How do modern-day whales listen? -
ANSWER-- Echolocation is how they communicate. Through jaw bones, transmits
sound through vibrations.
12.Discuss the bodily evidence and the significance of an upright stance in Hominids. -
ANSWER-The proof are Laetoli footprints. Laetoli footprints confirmed the tracks
of Australopithecus afarensis, aka Lucy.Show a bipedal and completely erect
stance
13.Discuss the stairs inside the transition from Therapsid reptiles to mammals. What had
been the fundamental improvements in the course of the transitions? Be sure to include
modifications to the jaws/ears from reptiles to mammals. - ANSWER-- more upright
stance, in which the belly might be beneath the frame. Canines, molars, and
incisors showed distinctive teeth pattern. Improved thermal regulation. Hair in
small therapsids, 3 middle ear bones, best preserved in fossil record (malleus,
incus, and stapes)-incus and malleus come from modification of lower jaw bone of
therapsids-stapes comes from fish/amphibians, cynodont is the link between
reptile/mammal
14.Discuss the ones characteristics that mark the genus Homo. What makes our genus and
species a predominate force on Earth? - ANSWER-increasing brain length, changing
frame shape, social adjustments (food regimen hunting going for walks), longer
legs, arches of foot.
15.From what reptile institution did mammals evolve? What are the variations among reptile
and mammals? - ANSWER-synapsids, Reptiles decrease jaw has 4 bones and jaw
hinges, mammals have 1 bone.- Mammals nurse their younger, warm blooded, and
have hair versus scales.
16.Geologic time scale - ANSWER-Pre - Cambrian
Hadean Eon, Archean Eon, Proterozoic Eon, Phanerozoic Eon
Phanerozoic - Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, Cenozoic Era
Paleozoic - Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous
(Mississippian, Pennsylvanian) Permian
Mesozoic - Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
Cenozoic - Paleogene (paleocene, eocene, oligocene), Neogene (miocene,
pliocene), Quarternary (pleistocene, holocene)
17.Have a popular idea of the way life tailored as paleogeography modified via time -
ANSWER-at some point of the past due PreC, after Snowball Earth, the plates
separated, weather warmed, sea stage rose, and the Cambrian Explosion of
lifestyles came about. Over the subsequent 250 million years, the plates moved
towards each other to shape Pangea, sea degree dropped and weather cooled,
AND ANSWERS
1. . Where did you get your Incus and Malleus internal ear bones? - ANSWER-
2. Are all species related? Please give an explanation for. - ANSWER-Yes. Just as the
tree of existence illustrates, all organisms, each living and extinct, are related.
3. Are birds dinosaurs? Why/why now not? - ANSWER-Yes
4. Be certain the following whales: Ambulocetus, Dorundon, and Pakicetus, Toothed
Whales, and Baleen Whales - ANSWER-1) Pakicetus: four limbs, Earliest whale,
lived mostly on land in swamp environments.
2) Ambulocetus:- lives primary on land and in sparkling water. Half/1/2- elongated
head and body- hind limbs used as a fin
three) Dorudon:- Deep water whale- Direct ancestor to modern whales.- misplaced
hind limbs- tail fin for propulsion
5. By the quit of the Cretaceous, had been there many different forms of mammals?
Explain. - ANSWER-No, because dinosaurs dominated the preceding length and
once they went extinct, only few styles of mammals had been left.
6. Describe an average Mesozoic mammal. - ANSWER-They were small, nocturnal,
insectivorous
7. Describe an early horse with admire to legs, enamel, weight loss plan - ANSWER--
Small (canine size)- 4 Toes- Browser: low crowned- Pointed enamel, U shape jaw.-
Similar to trendy goat.
8. Describe some simple developments in horse evolution (legs, length, mouth, and
enamel). Describe the changes to horse legs over final fifty five million years of
evolution. - ANSWER-- Teeth have become high topped- Narrower, U fashioned
mouths- Forest to grasslands- longer legs with hoofs, reduction of digits
9. Describe the ancestor of Primates. - ANSWER-- Small, tree-dwelling animals
- Lived in tree cover
- Insect hunters and fruit eaters
- Hands and ft for grasping (opposable thumb and big toe)
- Color vision
- Socialization complements brain ability
10.Describe the earliest regarded mammal, Morganucodon. When did it live? What turned
into the scale, morphology, and ecology of Morganucodon? - ANSWER-Late Triassic -
egg laying - international - insectivores-carnivores - terrific senses - hair - longer
snout & larger brain than cynodont - agile climbers & jumpers - bendy neck - spine
can flex up & down + laterally like therapsids - teeth absolutely differentiated, front
teeth replaced as soon as - one set molars - molars have double roots, molar teeth
three cusps in a line = triconodont - shrew - earliest recognised mammal - quite
small (rat sized) - changed into starting to evolve the contemporary mammalian
, ear with the aid of reducing the bones within the again of the jaw, incorporated by
way of later mammals into the center ear ossicles - oldest transitional to mammal
11.Discuss the evolution of whale listening to. How do modern-day whales listen? -
ANSWER-- Echolocation is how they communicate. Through jaw bones, transmits
sound through vibrations.
12.Discuss the bodily evidence and the significance of an upright stance in Hominids. -
ANSWER-The proof are Laetoli footprints. Laetoli footprints confirmed the tracks
of Australopithecus afarensis, aka Lucy.Show a bipedal and completely erect
stance
13.Discuss the stairs inside the transition from Therapsid reptiles to mammals. What had
been the fundamental improvements in the course of the transitions? Be sure to include
modifications to the jaws/ears from reptiles to mammals. - ANSWER-- more upright
stance, in which the belly might be beneath the frame. Canines, molars, and
incisors showed distinctive teeth pattern. Improved thermal regulation. Hair in
small therapsids, 3 middle ear bones, best preserved in fossil record (malleus,
incus, and stapes)-incus and malleus come from modification of lower jaw bone of
therapsids-stapes comes from fish/amphibians, cynodont is the link between
reptile/mammal
14.Discuss the ones characteristics that mark the genus Homo. What makes our genus and
species a predominate force on Earth? - ANSWER-increasing brain length, changing
frame shape, social adjustments (food regimen hunting going for walks), longer
legs, arches of foot.
15.From what reptile institution did mammals evolve? What are the variations among reptile
and mammals? - ANSWER-synapsids, Reptiles decrease jaw has 4 bones and jaw
hinges, mammals have 1 bone.- Mammals nurse their younger, warm blooded, and
have hair versus scales.
16.Geologic time scale - ANSWER-Pre - Cambrian
Hadean Eon, Archean Eon, Proterozoic Eon, Phanerozoic Eon
Phanerozoic - Paleozoic Era, Mesozoic Era, Cenozoic Era
Paleozoic - Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous
(Mississippian, Pennsylvanian) Permian
Mesozoic - Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous
Cenozoic - Paleogene (paleocene, eocene, oligocene), Neogene (miocene,
pliocene), Quarternary (pleistocene, holocene)
17.Have a popular idea of the way life tailored as paleogeography modified via time -
ANSWER-at some point of the past due PreC, after Snowball Earth, the plates
separated, weather warmed, sea stage rose, and the Cambrian Explosion of
lifestyles came about. Over the subsequent 250 million years, the plates moved
towards each other to shape Pangea, sea degree dropped and weather cooled,
