UW Bio 200 Exam 1 Questions With All
Correct & Verified Answers
5 core concepts Correct answer--information flow
-structure function
-energy transformation
-evolution
-systems
amino acid polarity Correct answer-
electronegativities of organic atoms Correct answer-C~H<N<O
How to tell if a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic Correct answer-Non-polar: hydrophobic
Polar: hydrophilic
Types of bonds and stored potential energy Correct answer-High to low
Covalent bonds:
peptide
disulfide bridge:
Ionic Bonds:
Hydrophobic interactions:
Hydrophilic interactions:
H bonds
molecular genotype + phenotype Correct answer-genotype: order of nucleotides
phenotypes: proteins produced and their traits
DNA Correct answer-A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
mRNA Correct answer-A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
Gets copied and written 5'-3'
protein Correct answer-Made from 3 nucleotides, from tRNA in the ribosome
allele Correct answer-one of a number of different forms of a gene on the same place on the
chromosome
genome Correct answer-All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
metabolic pathway Correct answer-Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a
series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
nucleotide Correct answer-A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
5' vs 3' Correct answer-- 5' will have an OH or phosphate group bound to C-5' of the sugar
, - 3' will have an OH bound to C-3' of the sugar
ribose vs. deoxyribose Correct answer--ribose: has an -OH group at C-2
-deoxyribose: has an -H group at C-2
phosphate group Correct answer-A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently
bonded to four oxygen atoms
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, uracil Correct answer-GCTAU, chemical bases of nucleotides
GC bonds are stronger than AU bonds
ATP Correct answer-(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their
work
affinity Correct answer-attraction between two biological molecules, to bind, modify, or destroy
template vs non-template strand Correct answer-template strand: strand on DNA moving towards
5' end from +1 spot
non-template strand: also known as coding strand, same base will be in the mRNA but T will be
represented as U
upstream/downstream Correct answer-Upstream: towards 5' end
Downstream: towards 3' end
RNA Polymerase Correct answer-enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides
during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
Sigma Correct answer-a protein that must bind to the polymerase before transcription can begin
promoter Correct answer-A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and
indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
peptide bond Correct answer-The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
ribosome Correct answer-site of protein synthesis
tRNA Correct answer-transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
ribosome E, P, and A sites Correct answer-E: exit site
P: holds tRNA with growing polypeptide chain
A: holds aminoacyl tRNA (acceptor site)
ribosome binding site Correct answer-a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an
mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of protein
translation
codon/anti-codon Correct answer-A codon is a three-base sequence (three nitrogen bases in a
row) on mRNA. It calls for a specific amino acid to be brought to the growing polypeptide. An
anticodon is a three-base sequence on tRNA. It matches the codon.
Correct & Verified Answers
5 core concepts Correct answer--information flow
-structure function
-energy transformation
-evolution
-systems
amino acid polarity Correct answer-
electronegativities of organic atoms Correct answer-C~H<N<O
How to tell if a molecule is hydrophobic or hydrophilic Correct answer-Non-polar: hydrophobic
Polar: hydrophilic
Types of bonds and stored potential energy Correct answer-High to low
Covalent bonds:
peptide
disulfide bridge:
Ionic Bonds:
Hydrophobic interactions:
Hydrophilic interactions:
H bonds
molecular genotype + phenotype Correct answer-genotype: order of nucleotides
phenotypes: proteins produced and their traits
DNA Correct answer-A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the
chromosomes.
mRNA Correct answer-A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
Gets copied and written 5'-3'
protein Correct answer-Made from 3 nucleotides, from tRNA in the ribosome
allele Correct answer-one of a number of different forms of a gene on the same place on the
chromosome
genome Correct answer-All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
metabolic pathway Correct answer-Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a
series of defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
nucleotide Correct answer-A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently
bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
5' vs 3' Correct answer-- 5' will have an OH or phosphate group bound to C-5' of the sugar
, - 3' will have an OH bound to C-3' of the sugar
ribose vs. deoxyribose Correct answer--ribose: has an -OH group at C-2
-deoxyribose: has an -H group at C-2
phosphate group Correct answer-A functional group consisting of a phosphorus atom covalently
bonded to four oxygen atoms
guanine, cytosine, thymine, adenine, uracil Correct answer-GCTAU, chemical bases of nucleotides
GC bonds are stronger than AU bonds
ATP Correct answer-(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their
work
affinity Correct answer-attraction between two biological molecules, to bind, modify, or destroy
template vs non-template strand Correct answer-template strand: strand on DNA moving towards
5' end from +1 spot
non-template strand: also known as coding strand, same base will be in the mRNA but T will be
represented as U
upstream/downstream Correct answer-Upstream: towards 5' end
Downstream: towards 3' end
RNA Polymerase Correct answer-enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides
during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
Sigma Correct answer-a protein that must bind to the polymerase before transcription can begin
promoter Correct answer-A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase and
indicates where to start transcribing RNA.
peptide bond Correct answer-The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one
amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid
ribosome Correct answer-site of protein synthesis
tRNA Correct answer-transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
ribosome E, P, and A sites Correct answer-E: exit site
P: holds tRNA with growing polypeptide chain
A: holds aminoacyl tRNA (acceptor site)
ribosome binding site Correct answer-a sequence of nucleotides upstream of the start codon of an
mRNA transcript that is responsible for the recruitment of a ribosome during the initiation of protein
translation
codon/anti-codon Correct answer-A codon is a three-base sequence (three nitrogen bases in a
row) on mRNA. It calls for a specific amino acid to be brought to the growing polypeptide. An
anticodon is a three-base sequence on tRNA. It matches the codon.
