OCEMT FINAL EXAM UPDATED QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS
What are the respiratory rates when we should consider a BVM? How do we determine adequate
respirations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Slower than Normal Rates or Shallow depth of breath Pg.
400
Adults 12-20 breaths/min
Children 15-30 breaths/min
Infant 25-50 breaths/min
- The BVM should be used when you need to deliver high concentrations of oxygen to patients who are
not ventilating adequately, in respiratory arrest, cardiopulmonary arrest and respiratory failure. Pg. 428
- The volume of air(oxygen) delivered to the patient is based on chest rise and fall Pg. 429
Wheezing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Lower airway obstruction high pitch sound, most prominent on
exhalation
Ronchi - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Congested breath sounds may suggest the presence of mucus in
the lungs. Expect to hear low pitched, noisy sounds that are most prominent on expiration. The patient
often reports a productive cough associated. Snoring due to upper airway obstructions (Snoring) (Ronchi
is lower airway)
Crackles(Rales) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Fluid build in lungs air passes through fluid from the
alveoli to the capillaries (wet lung sounds). Usually on both inspiration and expiration.(Lower Airway)
Stridor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Seal bark cough. Often heard before listening with a stethoscope
and may indicate the patient has an airway obstruction in the neck and upper part of the chest. Expect
to hear a brassy, crowing sound that is most prominent on inspiration.(More seen in Pediatrics)(Upper
Airway)
,Corrective action if we no longer see visible chest rise while performing PP ventilation. Pg. 431. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Check mask seal
-Reposition the head or use airway adjunct
-Check for airway obstruction; if not obstructions present try alternative ventilation method such as
mouth-to-mask technique
Oxygen flow rates for: Pg. 423 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Nasal cannula (1-6L/min) 24%-44% O2
-Non-rebreather mask w/ reservoir (10-15L/min) 95% O2
-BVM ( 15L/min) Nearly 100% O2
-Mouth-to-mask device (15L/min) Nearly 55% O2
-Nebulized breathing treatment (6-8L/min)Pg. 475
Airway obstruction knowledge:
1) Witness patient collapse.......what should your first objective be?
2) What to ask and how to approach a patient who is possibly choking?
3) When do we simply encourage them to cough? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1) check for ABC's; see
if you can fix airway right away
2) -Are you choking?
-If you hear noise or are able to communicate just encourage to cough it out if you see signs of blue or
hand in choking position and unable to communicate start with abdominal thrust... back slaps in infants
3)As long as the patient can breathe, cough forcefully, or talk Pg. 440/542
How to treat a patient with a STOMA that is not with adequate respirations? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅-If the patient has a Tracheostomy Tube, ventilate through the tube with a BVM(The
standard 15/22-MM adapter on the BVM will fit onto the tube in the tracheal stoma) and 100% oxygen
attached directly to BVM.
, -If there is no tube in place, use an infant or child mask with BVM to make a seal over the stoma. Seal
the patient's mouth and nose with one hand to prevent a leak of air during ventilation. Release mouth
and nose for exhalation.
-If unable to ventilate, try suctioning the stoma and the mouth with a French or soft-tip catheter before
giving the patient artificial ventilation through the mouth and nose
When to treat a patient with humidified oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-long transports is a
perfect time to use humidified oxygen
-swollen/infected airways such as croup can also benefit through humidified oxygen
How to ask questions to a patient with extreme SOB(Shortness of Breath), what to ask and when...... -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Limit questions to patients in respiratory distress, to prevent waste of air.
SAMPLE Question Set
make sure patient is code 4 ("situation under control"/"no further assistance necessary") before asking
to complex questions.
NPA vs. OPA (when they are indicated and contra-indicated?)Pg. 412-414 - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅OPA(Oropharyngeal Airway)
Indications:
- Unresponsive patient w/o gag reflex(breathing or apneic)
- Any apneic patient being ventilated with BVM
Contraindications:
-Conscious patients
-Any patient(conscious or unconscious) who has gag reflex intact
-Damage to throat
ANSWERS
What are the respiratory rates when we should consider a BVM? How do we determine adequate
respirations? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Slower than Normal Rates or Shallow depth of breath Pg.
400
Adults 12-20 breaths/min
Children 15-30 breaths/min
Infant 25-50 breaths/min
- The BVM should be used when you need to deliver high concentrations of oxygen to patients who are
not ventilating adequately, in respiratory arrest, cardiopulmonary arrest and respiratory failure. Pg. 428
- The volume of air(oxygen) delivered to the patient is based on chest rise and fall Pg. 429
Wheezing - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Lower airway obstruction high pitch sound, most prominent on
exhalation
Ronchi - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Congested breath sounds may suggest the presence of mucus in
the lungs. Expect to hear low pitched, noisy sounds that are most prominent on expiration. The patient
often reports a productive cough associated. Snoring due to upper airway obstructions (Snoring) (Ronchi
is lower airway)
Crackles(Rales) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Fluid build in lungs air passes through fluid from the
alveoli to the capillaries (wet lung sounds). Usually on both inspiration and expiration.(Lower Airway)
Stridor - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Seal bark cough. Often heard before listening with a stethoscope
and may indicate the patient has an airway obstruction in the neck and upper part of the chest. Expect
to hear a brassy, crowing sound that is most prominent on inspiration.(More seen in Pediatrics)(Upper
Airway)
,Corrective action if we no longer see visible chest rise while performing PP ventilation. Pg. 431. -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Check mask seal
-Reposition the head or use airway adjunct
-Check for airway obstruction; if not obstructions present try alternative ventilation method such as
mouth-to-mask technique
Oxygen flow rates for: Pg. 423 - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-Nasal cannula (1-6L/min) 24%-44% O2
-Non-rebreather mask w/ reservoir (10-15L/min) 95% O2
-BVM ( 15L/min) Nearly 100% O2
-Mouth-to-mask device (15L/min) Nearly 55% O2
-Nebulized breathing treatment (6-8L/min)Pg. 475
Airway obstruction knowledge:
1) Witness patient collapse.......what should your first objective be?
2) What to ask and how to approach a patient who is possibly choking?
3) When do we simply encourage them to cough? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅1) check for ABC's; see
if you can fix airway right away
2) -Are you choking?
-If you hear noise or are able to communicate just encourage to cough it out if you see signs of blue or
hand in choking position and unable to communicate start with abdominal thrust... back slaps in infants
3)As long as the patient can breathe, cough forcefully, or talk Pg. 440/542
How to treat a patient with a STOMA that is not with adequate respirations? - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅-If the patient has a Tracheostomy Tube, ventilate through the tube with a BVM(The
standard 15/22-MM adapter on the BVM will fit onto the tube in the tracheal stoma) and 100% oxygen
attached directly to BVM.
, -If there is no tube in place, use an infant or child mask with BVM to make a seal over the stoma. Seal
the patient's mouth and nose with one hand to prevent a leak of air during ventilation. Release mouth
and nose for exhalation.
-If unable to ventilate, try suctioning the stoma and the mouth with a French or soft-tip catheter before
giving the patient artificial ventilation through the mouth and nose
When to treat a patient with humidified oxygen? - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅-long transports is a
perfect time to use humidified oxygen
-swollen/infected airways such as croup can also benefit through humidified oxygen
How to ask questions to a patient with extreme SOB(Shortness of Breath), what to ask and when...... -
CORRECT ANSWER✅✅✅Limit questions to patients in respiratory distress, to prevent waste of air.
SAMPLE Question Set
make sure patient is code 4 ("situation under control"/"no further assistance necessary") before asking
to complex questions.
NPA vs. OPA (when they are indicated and contra-indicated?)Pg. 412-414 - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅✅OPA(Oropharyngeal Airway)
Indications:
- Unresponsive patient w/o gag reflex(breathing or apneic)
- Any apneic patient being ventilated with BVM
Contraindications:
-Conscious patients
-Any patient(conscious or unconscious) who has gag reflex intact
-Damage to throat
