NASM Nutrition Certification (EXAM)
Save
SCOFF questionnaire correct answerBasic yet reliable set of five questions that help assess whether an
eating disorder exists. Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry
that you have lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone (14
lbs) in a 3-month period? Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would
you say that Food dominates your life? Scientific Method correct answerThe process of formulating
explanations about the natural world and testing those explanations with experiments and data. 1.
Identify a Problem 2. Formulate a hypothesis 3. Design a study to test the hypothesis 4. Collect data 5.
Discard or change the hypothesis OR continue testing Evidence-Based Practice correct answerA three-
pronged approach to working with clients, which consists of making decisions based on the weight of
the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs and preferences. Prediction
correct answerAn expected outcome generated from a hypothesis Theory correct answerA hypothesis
or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high-quality evidence has been accumulated. Hierarchy
of Evidence correct answer1. Systematic Reviews 2. Randomized Controlled Trials 3. Observational
Research 4. Peer Reviews 5. Non-Peer-Reviewed Media, including anecdotes Anecdote correct
answeran account of a person's experience or event Uncontrolled Variable correct answerA variable in
an experiment that a scientist makes no effort to manipulate or account for. Primary Research correct
answerOriginal research where scientists perform experiments and collect data - this is in contrast to
secondary research where scientists analyze data that has already been collected or published
elsewhere. Observational Research correct answerResearch in which a researcher observes ongoing
behaviors to determine correlation. Correlation correct answerA relationship between two or more
variables. Randomized Control Trial (RCT) correct answerA type of scientific study/trial where
participants are randomly assigned into different groups - one or more will be the intervention to be
tested and one will be the control group. Groups are randomized and a control is used in an attempt to
reduce potential bias in the trial. Independent Variable correct answerThe variable scientists
manipulate in an experiment. External Validity correct answerThe ability to generalize the results of a
study. Systematic Review correct answerA review where scientists systematically gather all research
on a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules. Meta-Analysis correct answerA
statistical analysis of a group of studies to assess the overall weight of the evidence. Empirical correct
answerBased on observation or experience. Test-Retest Reliability correct answerThe ability to get
similar results when something is measured under the same conditions. Reliability correct answerThe
consistency of a measure. Validity correct answerThe assessment of whether a tool is measuring what
it is supposed to measure. Selection Bias correct answerA sample of people under study is not
representative of the larger population that scientists are looking to make inferences about.
Retrospective correct answerDescribes a study that looks backward in time. Recall Bias correct
answerThe inability to accurately remember past behaviors. Health correct answerA state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Homeostasis
correct answerThe tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements,
especially as maintained by physiological processes. Disease correct answerA disorder of structure or
function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms, affects
a specific location, and is not simply a direct result of physical injury. Noncommunicable Disease
correct answerA noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused
by infectious agents; it can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress
slowly. Communicable Disease correct answerInfectious diseases caused by microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can be spread (directly or indirectly) from one person to
another. Wellness correct answerThe fluid process of improving the emotional, occupational, physical,
social, intellectual, and spiritual components of life, dynamically leading to a better state of health and
well-being. Obese correct answerA high degree of excess body fat - a BMI greater than 30. Biometrics
correct answerThe technical term for measurements and calculations related to human physical
characteristics. Satiety correct answerA feeling of fullness and satisfaction. Palatability correct
answerThe degree of pleasure or taste provided by a food - a highly palatable food is one that is tasty
and pleasant to consume. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) correct answerThe energy currency of life.
chemical compound that provides energy to drive muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses,
and the vast majority of chemical reactions that facilitate human life. Metabolism correct
answerChemical processes occurring within the body to convert food to energy. Thermic Effect of Food
(TEF) correct answerrepresents the increase in energy expenditure after consuming a meal. Thermic
Effect of Activity (TEA) correct answeraccounts for the most variability of daily energy expenditure.
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) correct answerenergy expended for everything we do
that is not sleeping, eating or exercising. Lipogenesis correct answerThe biological process of
combining free fatty acids with glycerol to form triglycerides. Lipolysis correct answerThe biological
process of breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. Glycogenolysis correct
answerThe process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry
into the energy pathways. Gluconeogenesis correct answerA metabolic pathway that results in the
generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol and
glucogenic amino acids. Leptin correct answerA hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a
satiety factor in regulating appetite. Ghrelin correct answerA hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an
empty stomach. CCK (cholecystokinin) correct answerhormone released in the gastrointestinal system
and is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. NPY (neuropeptide Y) correct
answerneurotransmitter found in several brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus, that stimulates
eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy balance and weight gain. Insulin
correct answerhormone produced by the pancreas that is released when blood glucose levels are high,
, promoting the uptake of glucose for fuel or storage as glycogen. Insulin helps keeps blood-sugar levels
from getting too high, also referred to as hyperglycemia. Glucagon correct answerhormone that is
released when blood sugars decrease below a certain threshold. It stimulates the breakdown of stored
glucose (glycogen) in the liver, releasing additional glucose into the bloodstream for fuel. ATP-PC
system correct answerenergy system producing ATP during high intensity, short duration exercise.
Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases large amount of energy used to construct ATP. provides
energy for muscle contraction for up to 10 seconds. Anaerobic Glycolytic System correct
answerGlucose is used for fuel and is either blood glucose or muscle glycogen, broken down in to
pyruvic acid, when there is insufficient oxygen it then is transformed into lactic acid. Energy up to 2
minutes. Aerobic Energy System correct answervirtually unlimited capacity for making ATP, uses
carbs, fat, protein for fuel. Slow to produce ATP. Lasts anywhere from 2 minutes to a few hours. Acid-
Base Balance correct answerThe process of achieving, or the state of, equilibrium between acidic and
alkaline molecules. Cell Signaling correct answerProcess of communication between cells by biological
messengers to govern cellular function. Organic Molecules correct answerChemical structures
containing only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or nitrogen. Amino Acids correct answerThe organic
building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group. Essential Amino Acids
(EAA) correct answerAmino acids that are necessary for bodily functions but cannot be synthesized by
the body and, therefore, must be obtained in the diet. Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan
Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine* Lysine Leucine Branched Chain Amino Acid correct
answerThe three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) which are abundant in skeletal
muscle tissue and named for their branch-like structure. conditionally essential amino acids correct
answeramino acids that are normally considered nonessential but become essential under certain
circumstances when the body's need for them exceeds the ability to produce them. nonessential
amino acids correct answeramino acids that the body can synthesize & normally do not need to be
obtained in the diet. protein synthesis correct answerProcess of joining amino acids with peptide bonds
to form proteins. dehydration synthesis correct answerThe joining of two large molecules by removing
one hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl group (OH) from another molecule and then binding
the two larger molecules together on the newly freed bonds. Peptide Bond correct answerThe bond
between two amino acids, occurring between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of the
other. Hydrolysis correct answerBreakdown of one large molecule into two smaller molecules via the
donation of one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group from water to the smaller molecules, respectively.
Dipeptide correct answerTwo amino acids bonded together tripeptide correct answer3 amino acids
oligopeptide correct answer4-9 amino acids Polypeptide correct answerchain of 10 or more amino
acids Denaturation correct answerchanging the shape of a protein but not its primary structure.
Denaturation occurs in response to many factors such as temperature, pH, and enzymes, all of which
are at work during protein digestion and absorption. For most protein-dense foods, this process begins
with cooking the food. Gastrin correct answerA hormone released when food is ingested to stimulate
release of digestive fluids. Pepsinogen correct answerA proenzyme secreted by the stomach as a
precursor to pepsin. Pepsin correct answerAn enzyme in the stomach that begins breaking peptide
bonds. Duodenum correct answerIt is the first section of the small intestine where some digestion
occurs, and it is located immediately after the stomach and leads into the jejunum. Secretin correct
answerA hormone that stimulates the liver and pancreas to produce bile and bicarbonate; inhibits
gastrin release. Cholecystokinin correct answerA hormone secreted by the duodenum that causes
release of enzymes and bile. protease enzymes correct answerEnzymes in the small intestine that
break long peptide chains into shorter peptide chains. Peptidase correct answerAn enzyme that breaks
down small peptides. Aminopeptidases correct answerEnzymes that cleave individual amino acids
from a peptide chain so they may be absorbed. Hepatic Portral Vein correct answerThe vein that
transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver. Collagen
correct answerA protein formed of a triple-helix structure with great tensile strength, found primarily in
skin, muscles/connective tissue, and bones. Tensile Strength correct answerAbility of a material to
resist breaking under tension. Elastin correct answerA protein with high elasticity, found mainly in the
skin. Keratin correct answerA protein found in hair and nails. sodium-potassium pump correct answerA
protein found on the cell membrane that transports sodium and potassium to create electrochemical
gradients across the membrane. Albumin correct answerA protein found in the blood stream that helps
draw water into the blood vessel from surrounding tissue. Hemoglobin correct answerAn iron-
containing protein found on red blood cells, binds oxygen and other molecules for transport in the
blood. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) correct answerAmount of nutrient needed to meet the
needs of almost all individuals in an age-sex group. Protein Quality correct answerThe quantity of
essential amino acids found in, and the digestibility of, a protein. Complete Protein correct answerA
protein that contains sufficient quantities of all essential amino acids. Complementary Protein correct
answerTwo incomplete proteins that, when comsumed together, mimic a complete protein by
providing all essential amino acids. Starches correct answerGrains, corn, rice barley, vegetables,
beans, and wheat Sugars correct answerSweets (candy), sugar (cane sugar), fruit, and milk
Monosaccharides correct answerThey define the single sugar units of glucose, fructose, and galactose
and represent the absorbable forms of carbohydrates for the body. Disaccharides correct answerThey
define pairs of sugar units. The three nutritionally important ones to humans are sucrose, maltose, and
lactose. Polysaccharides correct answerThey define glucose chains longer than 10 units in length, but
they can be as large as several thousand glucose units in length. Oligosaccharides correct answerThey
define sugar units ranging from 3 to 10 units in length and are largely indigestible to humans. typically
found in legumes Sucrose correct answerone glucose molecule joined with one fructose molecule.
Examples include cane sugar, brown sugar, and date sugar. Sucrose contributes as a primary sugar in
most fruits. Lactose correct answercomprised of one glucose molecule joined with one galactose
molecule. It is only found in dairy products. Maltose correct answercomprised of two glucose
molecules. Examples include corn syrup, brown rice syrup, and molasses. Amylose correct answerA
straight-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules. Amylopectin correct
Save
SCOFF questionnaire correct answerBasic yet reliable set of five questions that help assess whether an
eating disorder exists. Do you make yourself Sick because you feel uncomfortably full? Do you worry
that you have lost Control over how much you eat? Have you recently lost more than One stone (14
lbs) in a 3-month period? Do you believe yourself to be Fat when others say you are too thin? Would
you say that Food dominates your life? Scientific Method correct answerThe process of formulating
explanations about the natural world and testing those explanations with experiments and data. 1.
Identify a Problem 2. Formulate a hypothesis 3. Design a study to test the hypothesis 4. Collect data 5.
Discard or change the hypothesis OR continue testing Evidence-Based Practice correct answerA three-
pronged approach to working with clients, which consists of making decisions based on the weight of
the scientific evidence, field observations, and individual client needs and preferences. Prediction
correct answerAn expected outcome generated from a hypothesis Theory correct answerA hypothesis
or set of hypotheses for which a large body of high-quality evidence has been accumulated. Hierarchy
of Evidence correct answer1. Systematic Reviews 2. Randomized Controlled Trials 3. Observational
Research 4. Peer Reviews 5. Non-Peer-Reviewed Media, including anecdotes Anecdote correct
answeran account of a person's experience or event Uncontrolled Variable correct answerA variable in
an experiment that a scientist makes no effort to manipulate or account for. Primary Research correct
answerOriginal research where scientists perform experiments and collect data - this is in contrast to
secondary research where scientists analyze data that has already been collected or published
elsewhere. Observational Research correct answerResearch in which a researcher observes ongoing
behaviors to determine correlation. Correlation correct answerA relationship between two or more
variables. Randomized Control Trial (RCT) correct answerA type of scientific study/trial where
participants are randomly assigned into different groups - one or more will be the intervention to be
tested and one will be the control group. Groups are randomized and a control is used in an attempt to
reduce potential bias in the trial. Independent Variable correct answerThe variable scientists
manipulate in an experiment. External Validity correct answerThe ability to generalize the results of a
study. Systematic Review correct answerA review where scientists systematically gather all research
on a topic and evaluate it based on predefined criteria and rules. Meta-Analysis correct answerA
statistical analysis of a group of studies to assess the overall weight of the evidence. Empirical correct
answerBased on observation or experience. Test-Retest Reliability correct answerThe ability to get
similar results when something is measured under the same conditions. Reliability correct answerThe
consistency of a measure. Validity correct answerThe assessment of whether a tool is measuring what
it is supposed to measure. Selection Bias correct answerA sample of people under study is not
representative of the larger population that scientists are looking to make inferences about.
Retrospective correct answerDescribes a study that looks backward in time. Recall Bias correct
answerThe inability to accurately remember past behaviors. Health correct answerA state of complete
physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Homeostasis
correct answerThe tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements,
especially as maintained by physiological processes. Disease correct answerA disorder of structure or
function in a human, animal, or plant, especially one that produces specific signs or symptoms, affects
a specific location, and is not simply a direct result of physical injury. Noncommunicable Disease
correct answerA noncommunicable disease (NCD) is a medical condition or disease that is not caused
by infectious agents; it can refer to chronic diseases which last for long periods of time and progress
slowly. Communicable Disease correct answerInfectious diseases caused by microorganisms such as
bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi that can be spread (directly or indirectly) from one person to
another. Wellness correct answerThe fluid process of improving the emotional, occupational, physical,
social, intellectual, and spiritual components of life, dynamically leading to a better state of health and
well-being. Obese correct answerA high degree of excess body fat - a BMI greater than 30. Biometrics
correct answerThe technical term for measurements and calculations related to human physical
characteristics. Satiety correct answerA feeling of fullness and satisfaction. Palatability correct
answerThe degree of pleasure or taste provided by a food - a highly palatable food is one that is tasty
and pleasant to consume. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) correct answerThe energy currency of life.
chemical compound that provides energy to drive muscle contraction, transmission of nerve impulses,
and the vast majority of chemical reactions that facilitate human life. Metabolism correct
answerChemical processes occurring within the body to convert food to energy. Thermic Effect of Food
(TEF) correct answerrepresents the increase in energy expenditure after consuming a meal. Thermic
Effect of Activity (TEA) correct answeraccounts for the most variability of daily energy expenditure.
Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis (NEAT) correct answerenergy expended for everything we do
that is not sleeping, eating or exercising. Lipogenesis correct answerThe biological process of
combining free fatty acids with glycerol to form triglycerides. Lipolysis correct answerThe biological
process of breaking stored triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol. Glycogenolysis correct
answerThe process of breaking down the glycogen molecule into its individual glucose units for entry
into the energy pathways. Gluconeogenesis correct answerA metabolic pathway that results in the
generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol and
glucogenic amino acids. Leptin correct answerA hormone produced by adipose (fat) cells that acts as a
satiety factor in regulating appetite. Ghrelin correct answerA hunger-arousing hormone secreted by an
empty stomach. CCK (cholecystokinin) correct answerhormone released in the gastrointestinal system
and is responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. NPY (neuropeptide Y) correct
answerneurotransmitter found in several brain areas, most notably the hypothalamus, that stimulates
eating behavior and reduces metabolism, promoting positive energy balance and weight gain. Insulin
correct answerhormone produced by the pancreas that is released when blood glucose levels are high,
, promoting the uptake of glucose for fuel or storage as glycogen. Insulin helps keeps blood-sugar levels
from getting too high, also referred to as hyperglycemia. Glucagon correct answerhormone that is
released when blood sugars decrease below a certain threshold. It stimulates the breakdown of stored
glucose (glycogen) in the liver, releasing additional glucose into the bloodstream for fuel. ATP-PC
system correct answerenergy system producing ATP during high intensity, short duration exercise.
Phosphocreatine decomposes and releases large amount of energy used to construct ATP. provides
energy for muscle contraction for up to 10 seconds. Anaerobic Glycolytic System correct
answerGlucose is used for fuel and is either blood glucose or muscle glycogen, broken down in to
pyruvic acid, when there is insufficient oxygen it then is transformed into lactic acid. Energy up to 2
minutes. Aerobic Energy System correct answervirtually unlimited capacity for making ATP, uses
carbs, fat, protein for fuel. Slow to produce ATP. Lasts anywhere from 2 minutes to a few hours. Acid-
Base Balance correct answerThe process of achieving, or the state of, equilibrium between acidic and
alkaline molecules. Cell Signaling correct answerProcess of communication between cells by biological
messengers to govern cellular function. Organic Molecules correct answerChemical structures
containing only carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and/or nitrogen. Amino Acids correct answerThe organic
building blocks of proteins containing both a carboxyl and an amino group. Essential Amino Acids
(EAA) correct answerAmino acids that are necessary for bodily functions but cannot be synthesized by
the body and, therefore, must be obtained in the diet. Phenylalanine Valine Threonine Tryptophan
Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine* Lysine Leucine Branched Chain Amino Acid correct
answerThe three essential amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine) which are abundant in skeletal
muscle tissue and named for their branch-like structure. conditionally essential amino acids correct
answeramino acids that are normally considered nonessential but become essential under certain
circumstances when the body's need for them exceeds the ability to produce them. nonessential
amino acids correct answeramino acids that the body can synthesize & normally do not need to be
obtained in the diet. protein synthesis correct answerProcess of joining amino acids with peptide bonds
to form proteins. dehydration synthesis correct answerThe joining of two large molecules by removing
one hydrogen from one molecule and a hydroxyl group (OH) from another molecule and then binding
the two larger molecules together on the newly freed bonds. Peptide Bond correct answerThe bond
between two amino acids, occurring between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of the
other. Hydrolysis correct answerBreakdown of one large molecule into two smaller molecules via the
donation of one hydrogen and one hydroxyl group from water to the smaller molecules, respectively.
Dipeptide correct answerTwo amino acids bonded together tripeptide correct answer3 amino acids
oligopeptide correct answer4-9 amino acids Polypeptide correct answerchain of 10 or more amino
acids Denaturation correct answerchanging the shape of a protein but not its primary structure.
Denaturation occurs in response to many factors such as temperature, pH, and enzymes, all of which
are at work during protein digestion and absorption. For most protein-dense foods, this process begins
with cooking the food. Gastrin correct answerA hormone released when food is ingested to stimulate
release of digestive fluids. Pepsinogen correct answerA proenzyme secreted by the stomach as a
precursor to pepsin. Pepsin correct answerAn enzyme in the stomach that begins breaking peptide
bonds. Duodenum correct answerIt is the first section of the small intestine where some digestion
occurs, and it is located immediately after the stomach and leads into the jejunum. Secretin correct
answerA hormone that stimulates the liver and pancreas to produce bile and bicarbonate; inhibits
gastrin release. Cholecystokinin correct answerA hormone secreted by the duodenum that causes
release of enzymes and bile. protease enzymes correct answerEnzymes in the small intestine that
break long peptide chains into shorter peptide chains. Peptidase correct answerAn enzyme that breaks
down small peptides. Aminopeptidases correct answerEnzymes that cleave individual amino acids
from a peptide chain so they may be absorbed. Hepatic Portral Vein correct answerThe vein that
transports blood from the spleen, stomach, pancreas, and the intestinal tract to the liver. Collagen
correct answerA protein formed of a triple-helix structure with great tensile strength, found primarily in
skin, muscles/connective tissue, and bones. Tensile Strength correct answerAbility of a material to
resist breaking under tension. Elastin correct answerA protein with high elasticity, found mainly in the
skin. Keratin correct answerA protein found in hair and nails. sodium-potassium pump correct answerA
protein found on the cell membrane that transports sodium and potassium to create electrochemical
gradients across the membrane. Albumin correct answerA protein found in the blood stream that helps
draw water into the blood vessel from surrounding tissue. Hemoglobin correct answerAn iron-
containing protein found on red blood cells, binds oxygen and other molecules for transport in the
blood. Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) correct answerAmount of nutrient needed to meet the
needs of almost all individuals in an age-sex group. Protein Quality correct answerThe quantity of
essential amino acids found in, and the digestibility of, a protein. Complete Protein correct answerA
protein that contains sufficient quantities of all essential amino acids. Complementary Protein correct
answerTwo incomplete proteins that, when comsumed together, mimic a complete protein by
providing all essential amino acids. Starches correct answerGrains, corn, rice barley, vegetables,
beans, and wheat Sugars correct answerSweets (candy), sugar (cane sugar), fruit, and milk
Monosaccharides correct answerThey define the single sugar units of glucose, fructose, and galactose
and represent the absorbable forms of carbohydrates for the body. Disaccharides correct answerThey
define pairs of sugar units. The three nutritionally important ones to humans are sucrose, maltose, and
lactose. Polysaccharides correct answerThey define glucose chains longer than 10 units in length, but
they can be as large as several thousand glucose units in length. Oligosaccharides correct answerThey
define sugar units ranging from 3 to 10 units in length and are largely indigestible to humans. typically
found in legumes Sucrose correct answerone glucose molecule joined with one fructose molecule.
Examples include cane sugar, brown sugar, and date sugar. Sucrose contributes as a primary sugar in
most fruits. Lactose correct answercomprised of one glucose molecule joined with one galactose
molecule. It is only found in dairy products. Maltose correct answercomprised of two glucose
molecules. Examples include corn syrup, brown rice syrup, and molasses. Amylose correct answerA
straight-chain and digestible form of starch containing glucose molecules. Amylopectin correct
