RN PHARMACOLOGY LATEST 2024
ACTUAL EXAM 242 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A provider prescribes phenobarbital for a client who has a seizure disorder. The
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medication has a long half-life of 4 days. How many times per day should the nurse
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expect to administer this medication?
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A. One zz
B. Two zz
C. Three zz
D. Four - ANSWER: A. Medications with long half-lives remain at their therapeutic
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levels between doses for long periods of time. The nurse should expect to administer
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this medication once a day.
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A staff educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence medication
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metabolism with a group of nurses at an in-service presentation. Which of the
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following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer lower
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medication dosages? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Increased renal secretion
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B. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes
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C. Liver failure
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D. Peripheral vascular disease
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E. Concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes - ANSWER: Answer:
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C. Liver failure decreases metabolism and thus increases the concentration of a
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medication. This requires decreasing the dosage.
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E. When the same pathway metabolizes two medications, they compete for
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metabolism, thereby increasing the concentration of one or both medications. This
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requires decreasing the dosage of one or both medications.
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,A nurse is preparing to administer
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eye drops to a client. Which of
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the following actions should the
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nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
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A.have the client lie on her side. zz zz zz zz zz zz
B.Ask the client to look zz zz zz zz zz
up at the ceiling.
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C.Tell the client to blink when the drops enter her eye.
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D.Drop the medication zz zz zz
into the center of thezz zz zz zz zz
client's conjunctival sac. zz zz
E.Instruct the client to close her eye gently after instillation - ANSWER: B. The client
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should look upward to
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keep the drops from falling onto her cornea.
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D. The nurse should drop the medication into the
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center of the conjunctival sac to promote distribution.
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E. The client should close her eye gently
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to promote distribution of the medication
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A nurse is completing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for
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transdermal patches. Which of the following
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statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the clientzz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
understands the instructions? zz zz
A."I will clean the site with
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an alcohol swab before
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I apply the patch."
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B."I will rotate the application sites weekly."
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C."I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair."
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D."I will place the new patch on the site of the old patch. - ANSWER: C. The client
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should apply the patch to a hairless
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area of skin to promote absorption of the medication.
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A nurse reviewing a client's
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medical record notes a new prescription for verifying the trough
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level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
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,A.Obtain a blood specimen zz zz zz zz
immediately prior to zz zz zz
administering the next zz zz zz
dose of medication. zz zz
B.Verify that the client has zz zz zz zz zz
been taking the medicationzz zz zz zz
for 24 hr before obtaining
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a blood specimen.
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C.Ask the client to pr zz zz zz zz
ovide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication.
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D.Administer the medication,and obtain a blood specimen 30 min late - ANSWER: A.
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To verify trough levels of a medication, the
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nurse should obtain a blood specimen immediately
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before administering the next dose of medication.
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A nurse is preparing a client's medications. Which of the following actions should the
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nurse take in following legal practice
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guidelines? (Select all that apply.) zz zz zz zz
A.maintain skill competency. zz zz
B.Determine the dosage. zz zz
C. monitor for adverse effects.
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D.Safeguard medications. zz
E.Identify the client's diagnosis - ANSWER: A.maintaining skill competency and using
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appropriate
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administration techniques are legal responsibilities of the nurse zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
C. A nurse is legally responsible for monitoring
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for side and adverse effects of medication
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D. Safeguarding of medications, such as controlled
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substances, is a legal responsibility of the nurse zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
A nurse reviewing a client's health record notes a new prescription for lisinopril 10 mg
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PO once every day. The nurse should identify this as which of the following types of
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prescription?
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A.Single
, B.Stat
C.Routine
D.Standing - ANSWER: C. A routine or standard prescription identifies medications
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to give on a regular schedule with or without a termination
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date or a specific number of doses. The nurse will administer
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this medication every day until the provider discontinues it.
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A nurse is reviewing a new
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prescription for ondansetron 4 mg zz zz zz zz zz
PO PRN for nausea and vomiting for a client who has hyperemesis
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gravidarum. The nurse should clarify which of the following parts of the
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prescription with the provider? zz zz zz
A.Name
B.Dosage
C.Route
D.Frequency - ANSWER: D. This prescription does not include the time or frequency
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of medication administration. The nurse must clarify this with the prescribing provide
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A nurse is admitting a client and completing a preassessment before administering
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medications.
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Which of the following data
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should the nurse include in the preassessment? (Select all that apply.)
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A.Use of herbal teas zz zz zz
B.Daily fluid intake zz zz
C.Current health status zz zz
D.Previous surgical history zz zz
E.Food allergies - ANSWER: A. The nurse should inquire about the client's use of
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herbal products, which often contain caffeine, prior to medication
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administration because caffeine can affect medication biotransformation zz zz zz zz zz zz
C. The nurse should review the client's current health status
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because new prescriptions can cause alterations in current health status
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E. The nurse should inquire about food allergies during
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ACTUAL EXAM 242 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A provider prescribes phenobarbital for a client who has a seizure disorder. The
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
medication has a long half-life of 4 days. How many times per day should the nurse
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
expect to administer this medication?
zz zz zz zz zz
A. One zz
B. Two zz
C. Three zz
D. Four - ANSWER: A. Medications with long half-lives remain at their therapeutic
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
levels between doses for long periods of time. The nurse should expect to administer
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
this medication once a day.
zz zz zz zz zz
A staff educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence medication
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
metabolism with a group of nurses at an in-service presentation. Which of the
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer lower
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
medication dosages? (Select all that apply.)
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A. Increased renal secretion
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B. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes
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C. Liver failure
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D. Peripheral vascular disease
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E. Concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes - ANSWER: Answer:
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C. Liver failure decreases metabolism and thus increases the concentration of a
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
medication. This requires decreasing the dosage.
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E. When the same pathway metabolizes two medications, they compete for
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metabolism, thereby increasing the concentration of one or both medications. This
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
requires decreasing the dosage of one or both medications.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
,A nurse is preparing to administer
zz zz zz zz zz zz
eye drops to a client. Which of
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
the following actions should the
zz zz zz zz zz
nurse take? (Select all that apply.)
zz zz zz zz zz
A.have the client lie on her side. zz zz zz zz zz zz
B.Ask the client to look zz zz zz zz zz
up at the ceiling.
zz zz zz
C.Tell the client to blink when the drops enter her eye.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
D.Drop the medication zz zz zz
into the center of thezz zz zz zz zz
client's conjunctival sac. zz zz
E.Instruct the client to close her eye gently after instillation - ANSWER: B. The client
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
should look upward to
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keep the drops from falling onto her cornea.
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D. The nurse should drop the medication into the
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center of the conjunctival sac to promote distribution.
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E. The client should close her eye gently
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
to promote distribution of the medication
zz zz zz zz zz
A nurse is completing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
transdermal patches. Which of the following
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the clientzz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
understands the instructions? zz zz
A."I will clean the site with
zz zz zz zz zz zz
an alcohol swab before
zz zz zz zz
I apply the patch."
zz zz zz
B."I will rotate the application sites weekly."
zz zz zz zz zz zz
C."I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair."
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
D."I will place the new patch on the site of the old patch. - ANSWER: C. The client
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
should apply the patch to a hairless
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
area of skin to promote absorption of the medication.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
A nurse reviewing a client's
zz zz zz zz zz
medical record notes a new prescription for verifying the trough
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
level of the client's medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
,A.Obtain a blood specimen zz zz zz zz
immediately prior to zz zz zz
administering the next zz zz zz
dose of medication. zz zz
B.Verify that the client has zz zz zz zz zz
been taking the medicationzz zz zz zz
for 24 hr before obtaining
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a blood specimen.
zz zz
C.Ask the client to pr zz zz zz zz
ovide a urine specimen after the next dose of medication.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
D.Administer the medication,and obtain a blood specimen 30 min late - ANSWER: A.
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To verify trough levels of a medication, the
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nurse should obtain a blood specimen immediately
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
before administering the next dose of medication.
zz zz zz zz zz zz
A nurse is preparing a client's medications. Which of the following actions should the
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
nurse take in following legal practice
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
guidelines? (Select all that apply.) zz zz zz zz
A.maintain skill competency. zz zz
B.Determine the dosage. zz zz
C. monitor for adverse effects.
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D.Safeguard medications. zz
E.Identify the client's diagnosis - ANSWER: A.maintaining skill competency and using
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appropriate
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administration techniques are legal responsibilities of the nurse zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
C. A nurse is legally responsible for monitoring
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for side and adverse effects of medication
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D. Safeguarding of medications, such as controlled
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substances, is a legal responsibility of the nurse zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
A nurse reviewing a client's health record notes a new prescription for lisinopril 10 mg
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
PO once every day. The nurse should identify this as which of the following types of
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
prescription?
zz
A.Single
, B.Stat
C.Routine
D.Standing - ANSWER: C. A routine or standard prescription identifies medications
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
to give on a regular schedule with or without a termination
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date or a specific number of doses. The nurse will administer
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
this medication every day until the provider discontinues it.
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
A nurse is reviewing a new
zz zz zz zz zz zz
prescription for ondansetron 4 mg zz zz zz zz zz
PO PRN for nausea and vomiting for a client who has hyperemesis
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
gravidarum. The nurse should clarify which of the following parts of the
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
prescription with the provider? zz zz zz
A.Name
B.Dosage
C.Route
D.Frequency - ANSWER: D. This prescription does not include the time or frequency
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
of medication administration. The nurse must clarify this with the prescribing provide
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
A nurse is admitting a client and completing a preassessment before administering
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
medications.
zz zz
Which of the following data
zz zz zz zz zz
should the nurse include in the preassessment? (Select all that apply.)
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
A.Use of herbal teas zz zz zz
B.Daily fluid intake zz zz
C.Current health status zz zz
D.Previous surgical history zz zz
E.Food allergies - ANSWER: A. The nurse should inquire about the client's use of
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
herbal products, which often contain caffeine, prior to medication
zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz zz
administration because caffeine can affect medication biotransformation zz zz zz zz zz zz
C. The nurse should review the client's current health status
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because new prescriptions can cause alterations in current health status
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E. The nurse should inquire about food allergies during
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