PPNC Midterm UPDATED Exam Questions
and CORRECT Answers
how long is the contaminated border of the sterile glove package? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1 inch
what are the five rights of teaching? - CORRECT ANSWER - right context, time, content,
goal, and method
what do you use if your hands are visibly soiled? - CORRECT ANSWER - soap and water
because spore containing bacteria cannot be killed by alcohol based products
what are contractures? - CORRECT ANSWER - a condition of shortening or hardening of
muscles, tendons, or other tissues; often leads to deformity and rigidity of joints
when do you fill out an incident report for pressure ulcers? - CORRECT ANSWER - at
stage 2
encoding vs decoding - CORRECT ANSWER - encoding is the selection of words and
gestures from the sender, while decoding is the interpretation by the receiver
endogenous vs exogenous - CORRECT ANSWER - exo: infection is obtained from
healthcare environment
endo: pathogen arrives from normal flora when some kind of treatment causes a problem
what are the stages of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - incubation (time of infection
until manifestation, can be infectious)
prodromal (begin to have symptoms, but not full blown, not all illnesses have this)
,illness (you are sick)
decline (reduction in pathogens)
convalescence (healed)
primary vs secondary defenses vs tertiary - CORRECT ANSWER - primary: normal flora
secondary: phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, complement cascade
tertiary: humoral, cell-mediated immunity
what are the two materials of catheters? - CORRECT ANSWER - latex and silastic
what is the typical size of catheters? - CORRECT ANSWER - 14-16 Fr for adults
5-10 for pediatric
what is a robinson catheter? - CORRECT ANSWER - straight catheter, one time use
what is a foley catheter? - CORRECT ANSWER - retention, indwelling
do catheters require a physician order? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
what are the different types of catheters? - CORRECT ANSWER - single lumen - straight
,double/triple lumen - foley
suprapubic
coude - curved tip, for difficult insertions, blockages, and enlarged prostrates
external catheter - condom
what is voiding? - CORRECT ANSWER - micturition, process of filling bladder
how much can the bladder hold? - CORRECT ANSWER - 200-450ml of urine
what do you contract and what do you relax to void? - CORRECT ANSWER - contract
detrusor muscle, relax external urethral sphincter
how much urine do the kidneys produce? - CORRECT ANSWER - 50-60mL an hour,
1500mL a day
what are common urine studies? - CORRECT ANSWER - fresh sample, clean catch (clean
genitalia first), sterile (use catheter), and 24 hr urine (large container with all urine excreted over
24 hr, discard first void)
what are other urine studies? - CORRECT ANSWER - urinalysis: dipstick (at bedside) or
microscopic (lab)
dipstick: at beside, determine pH and specific gravity
specific gravity: indicator for urine concentration, use refractometer (measures extent of which
the beam of light changes direction when passing through urine)
, how do you care for a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER - administer antibiotics, take
phenazopyridine for burning/urgency, avoid coffee/alcohol, but drink fluids
what are different UTIs? - CORRECT ANSWER - urethritis: infection of urethra
cystitis: bacteria travel up urethra into bladder, causing bladder infection
kidney infection: pyelonephritis
what is a triple lumen cath used for? - CORRECT ANSWER - continuous or intermittent
bladder irrigation
how do you prevent skin breakdown with urine? - CORRECT ANSWER - keep skin dry,
barrier creams, antifungals to prevent fungus growth
what is bladder training? - CORRECT ANSWER - enable patient to hold increasingly
greater volumes of urine in the bladder
teach distraction and relaxation strategies to help void
what are kegel exercises? - CORRECT ANSWER - most commonly used method for
preventing or reversing incontinence for women in first year post birth, may take months to
improve
what are the four types of urinary diversions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) cutaneous
ureterostomy: reroutes ureters to surface of abdomen
2) conventional urostomy: most common, ureters implanted in ileum to drain into stoma bag, can
cause back up
and CORRECT Answers
how long is the contaminated border of the sterile glove package? - CORRECT
ANSWER - 1 inch
what are the five rights of teaching? - CORRECT ANSWER - right context, time, content,
goal, and method
what do you use if your hands are visibly soiled? - CORRECT ANSWER - soap and water
because spore containing bacteria cannot be killed by alcohol based products
what are contractures? - CORRECT ANSWER - a condition of shortening or hardening of
muscles, tendons, or other tissues; often leads to deformity and rigidity of joints
when do you fill out an incident report for pressure ulcers? - CORRECT ANSWER - at
stage 2
encoding vs decoding - CORRECT ANSWER - encoding is the selection of words and
gestures from the sender, while decoding is the interpretation by the receiver
endogenous vs exogenous - CORRECT ANSWER - exo: infection is obtained from
healthcare environment
endo: pathogen arrives from normal flora when some kind of treatment causes a problem
what are the stages of infection? - CORRECT ANSWER - incubation (time of infection
until manifestation, can be infectious)
prodromal (begin to have symptoms, but not full blown, not all illnesses have this)
,illness (you are sick)
decline (reduction in pathogens)
convalescence (healed)
primary vs secondary defenses vs tertiary - CORRECT ANSWER - primary: normal flora
secondary: phagocytosis, inflammation, fever, complement cascade
tertiary: humoral, cell-mediated immunity
what are the two materials of catheters? - CORRECT ANSWER - latex and silastic
what is the typical size of catheters? - CORRECT ANSWER - 14-16 Fr for adults
5-10 for pediatric
what is a robinson catheter? - CORRECT ANSWER - straight catheter, one time use
what is a foley catheter? - CORRECT ANSWER - retention, indwelling
do catheters require a physician order? - CORRECT ANSWER - yes
what are the different types of catheters? - CORRECT ANSWER - single lumen - straight
,double/triple lumen - foley
suprapubic
coude - curved tip, for difficult insertions, blockages, and enlarged prostrates
external catheter - condom
what is voiding? - CORRECT ANSWER - micturition, process of filling bladder
how much can the bladder hold? - CORRECT ANSWER - 200-450ml of urine
what do you contract and what do you relax to void? - CORRECT ANSWER - contract
detrusor muscle, relax external urethral sphincter
how much urine do the kidneys produce? - CORRECT ANSWER - 50-60mL an hour,
1500mL a day
what are common urine studies? - CORRECT ANSWER - fresh sample, clean catch (clean
genitalia first), sterile (use catheter), and 24 hr urine (large container with all urine excreted over
24 hr, discard first void)
what are other urine studies? - CORRECT ANSWER - urinalysis: dipstick (at bedside) or
microscopic (lab)
dipstick: at beside, determine pH and specific gravity
specific gravity: indicator for urine concentration, use refractometer (measures extent of which
the beam of light changes direction when passing through urine)
, how do you care for a UTI? - CORRECT ANSWER - administer antibiotics, take
phenazopyridine for burning/urgency, avoid coffee/alcohol, but drink fluids
what are different UTIs? - CORRECT ANSWER - urethritis: infection of urethra
cystitis: bacteria travel up urethra into bladder, causing bladder infection
kidney infection: pyelonephritis
what is a triple lumen cath used for? - CORRECT ANSWER - continuous or intermittent
bladder irrigation
how do you prevent skin breakdown with urine? - CORRECT ANSWER - keep skin dry,
barrier creams, antifungals to prevent fungus growth
what is bladder training? - CORRECT ANSWER - enable patient to hold increasingly
greater volumes of urine in the bladder
teach distraction and relaxation strategies to help void
what are kegel exercises? - CORRECT ANSWER - most commonly used method for
preventing or reversing incontinence for women in first year post birth, may take months to
improve
what are the four types of urinary diversions? - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) cutaneous
ureterostomy: reroutes ureters to surface of abdomen
2) conventional urostomy: most common, ureters implanted in ileum to drain into stoma bag, can
cause back up
