HOSA behavioral health Exam 2025
Questions and Answers
Central Nervous system includes - ✔✔the brain and spinal cord
brainstem contains - ✔✔midbrain, medulla, and pons
medulla - ✔✔controls vital body functions ex: heart rate, breathing
pons - ✔✔management of sleep, arousal, facial expression
cerebellum - ✔✔maintaining balance and motor coordination
which area contains more neurons that the rest of the brain - ✔✔cerebellum
midbrain - ✔✔sensory reflexes, movement, pain
reticular formation - ✔✔controls mood, arousal, sleep; major source of serotonin and
norepinephrine
thalamus - ✔✔sensation, memory, states of consciousness; receives sensory input from
most systems
basal ganglia - ✔✔voluntary movement; degeneration in Parkinson's, also involved in
OCD and ADHD
hypothalamus - ✔✔involved w/ motivation and homeostasis; regulates temperature,
hunger thirst; directs ANS and endocrine system
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, hippocampus - ✔✔formation of long term memories
cingulate cortex - ✔✔directs ANS; plays role in decision making, emotion, anticipation
of reward, empathy
amygdala - ✔✔fear and aggression
nucleus accumbens - ✔✔reward and pleasure
corpus callosum - ✔✔connects hemispheres
cerebral cortex - ✔✔thin layer of gray matter covering cerebral hemispheres
frontal lobe - ✔✔primary motor cortex and areas responsible for most complex
cognitive processes
Broca's area - ✔✔speech production in left hemisphere
prefrontal cortex - ✔✔planning behavior, attention, and judgement
orbitofrontal cortex - ✔✔emotion, impulse control
occipital lobe - ✔✔primary visual cortex
temporal lobe - ✔✔primary auditory cortex
parietal lobe - ✔✔primary somatosensory cortex (involved in neglect syndrome)
lateralization - ✔✔localization of function in one of the hemispheres (Ex: language
lateralized in the left hemisphere)
Peripheral Nervous System - ✔✔nerves and ganglia outside the CNS; contains somatic
and autonomic nervous systems
somatic nervous system - ✔✔transmits commands for voluntary movement
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
Questions and Answers
Central Nervous system includes - ✔✔the brain and spinal cord
brainstem contains - ✔✔midbrain, medulla, and pons
medulla - ✔✔controls vital body functions ex: heart rate, breathing
pons - ✔✔management of sleep, arousal, facial expression
cerebellum - ✔✔maintaining balance and motor coordination
which area contains more neurons that the rest of the brain - ✔✔cerebellum
midbrain - ✔✔sensory reflexes, movement, pain
reticular formation - ✔✔controls mood, arousal, sleep; major source of serotonin and
norepinephrine
thalamus - ✔✔sensation, memory, states of consciousness; receives sensory input from
most systems
basal ganglia - ✔✔voluntary movement; degeneration in Parkinson's, also involved in
OCD and ADHD
hypothalamus - ✔✔involved w/ motivation and homeostasis; regulates temperature,
hunger thirst; directs ANS and endocrine system
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, hippocampus - ✔✔formation of long term memories
cingulate cortex - ✔✔directs ANS; plays role in decision making, emotion, anticipation
of reward, empathy
amygdala - ✔✔fear and aggression
nucleus accumbens - ✔✔reward and pleasure
corpus callosum - ✔✔connects hemispheres
cerebral cortex - ✔✔thin layer of gray matter covering cerebral hemispheres
frontal lobe - ✔✔primary motor cortex and areas responsible for most complex
cognitive processes
Broca's area - ✔✔speech production in left hemisphere
prefrontal cortex - ✔✔planning behavior, attention, and judgement
orbitofrontal cortex - ✔✔emotion, impulse control
occipital lobe - ✔✔primary visual cortex
temporal lobe - ✔✔primary auditory cortex
parietal lobe - ✔✔primary somatosensory cortex (involved in neglect syndrome)
lateralization - ✔✔localization of function in one of the hemispheres (Ex: language
lateralized in the left hemisphere)
Peripheral Nervous System - ✔✔nerves and ganglia outside the CNS; contains somatic
and autonomic nervous systems
somatic nervous system - ✔✔transmits commands for voluntary movement
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY OLIVIA WEST, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
