COLORADO QS/CO PESTICIDE TEST QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS (SCORED A+)

COLORADO QS/CO PESTICIDE TEST QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS (SCORED A+) "Prescription and Application - CORRECT ANSWER Step in the pest control sequence - what, how, when, and where to use control techniques that correct the problem." "IPM - CORRECT ANSWER Integrated Pest Management - an approach where habitat modifications, cultural controls, pest control devices, and pesticides are integrated and used together." "Exclusion - CORRECT ANSWER Blocking points of entrance for pests." "Evaluation - CORRECT ANSWER Step in the pest control sequence - periodic inspections to assess effectiveness of prescribed plan." "Hand Carried Compressed Air Sprayer - CORRECT ANSWER The most basic piece of equipment, used on a variety of insects; includes a tank, pump, tube that carries spray to hose, hose that connects to tank, a valve to control flow, and a nozzle to distribute spray." "Canned Aerosol Pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER These products produce an aerosol or fog droplet that floats in the air for a period of time and then settles. The droplets kill pests on contact or if insects fly/move into treated area." "Labels Must Contain - CORRECT ANSWER Brand name, use classification, ingredient statement, registered uses, directions for use, safety information, signal word, precautions, net contents, name and address of manufacturer, and EPA registration number." "Directions for Use - CORRECT ANSWER Indication on label of where the product can be used and what pest can be targeted. Also gives application methods and dosage rates." "3 types of residual applications - CORRECT ANSWER General (application to broad expanse of surfaces), Spot (application to limited area where insects are and will not ordinarily be contacted by workers), and Crack and Crevice (application of small amounts where insects hide like voids and entry points)." "SDS - CORRECT ANSWER Safety Data Sheet, formerly MSDS, technical bulletin that provides workers and emergency personnel with proper procedures for handling or working with a given substance." "Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER Movement of chemical into a plant, animal, or person. Number ons source of pesticide exposure for operators." "PPE - CORRECT ANSWER Personal Protective Equipment, keeps pesticides from getting on skin/mouth/eyes/lungs." "Most significant health hazardous pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER Organophosphates, carbamates, and fumigants" "Animal Kingdom - CORRECT ANSWER All insects are part of the largest group in the animal kingdom - phylum arthropoda. Includes all arthropods including spiders, mites, ticks, millipedes, crab, shrimp, and insects." "Phylum arthropoda - CORRECT ANSWER Part of the animal kingdom and marked by a body of segments fused together; legs, antennae, and appendages attached in pairs; har or tough external covering with some soft areas known as an exoskeleton." "Compete Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER A complete change in appearance; 4 stage life cycle of egg, larva, pupa, and adult; larva feed and grow, pupa stage is less active allowing body to develop, adults mission is to reproduce." "Degradation - CORRECT ANSWER Process by which a chemical is reduced to simpler compounds by microorganisms, water, air, sunlight, or other agents." "Cockroaches - CORRECT ANSWER Common household pest; German, American, brown banded, and oriental are the varieties found in Colorado; effective management involves sanitation, detection, control, and maintenance; nocturnal; spend their time in protected areas likes cracks and crevices; no pesticide application alone will control without habitat modification." "Harvester Ant - CORRECT ANSWER Fairly large and red or dark brown in color; build large mounds with vegetation cleared from around it; rarely enter homes; can sting; best treated by injecting into mounds with dust or bait." "Pavement Ant - CORRECT ANSWER Most common ant in homes in CO; forage for grease, meat, small seeds, and sweets; make nests around concrete or rocks; best treated with dust or sprays in cracks and crevices, directly treating nests, perimeter treatments, and baits." "Flies - CORRECT ANSWER Serious pests in and around buildings due transmission of disease and filth; thousands of species but only a handful are a regular problem." "Blow Fly - CORRECT ANSWER Metallic green/blue color; maggots feed on garbage; breed in decaying carcasses; best treatment is fly traps" "Centipede - CORRECT ANSWER Similar look to millipedes but only one pari of legs per body segment and far more active; found in damp areas; best treated by waiting out the problem, eliminates moisture, and applying exterior residual pesticide." "Sowbug/Pillbug - CORRECT ANSWER Small gray crustaceans; feed on decaying vegetable and plant matter; move into homes after wet periods, particularly in spring; exterior residual applications are best treatment." "Field Cricket - CORRECT ANSWER Most common cricket; dark body; fed on plants and move into homes and buildings as fields dry and harden in late summer; best treated by eliminating entry points, keeping grass and ornamental areas cleaned up, and residual perimeter treatment as well as granular bait treatments around structure." "Earwig - CORRECT ANSWER Flat insects with pinchers at tail end; rely on high moisture; best treated by sealing entry points, removing harborage, dehumidifying, treating with residual spray near areas of heavy populations, and spraying around foundations and shrubbery." "Paper Wasp - CORRECT ANSWER Semi-social and produce annual nests; single queen starts nesting in spring, grows through summer, abandoned in late fall; feed on insects; treat by destroying nests, residual dusts are effective in control as are knockdown products, remove nests, apply residual control to prevent additional nesting" "Yellow Jacket - CORRECT ANSWER Very social insect with nests from workers at peak; typically nest in ground/under things; treated by keeping attractive garbage and food away, dusting directly into nests, repeat applications." "Brown Recluse Spider - CORRECT ANSWER Only spider with 3 pairs of eyes instead of 4; marked by brown color with violin shaped banding behind eyes; bites don't hurt but intense pain and stinging sensation follow; skin ulceration can develop from bits; most misdiagnosed spider in Colorado as it is very rare here." "Wolf Spider - CORRECT ANSWER Large and rapid movement; enter structures searching for prey; shy, runs way from humans, not poisonous to humans; treat by removing conducive areas like rocks and wood piles near house, sealing entry points, and treating crack and crevices, also helpful to eliminate flying insects they feed on." "Orb Weavers - CORRECT ANSWER Produce large radiant webs often outside windows or doors; create by treating webs with non repellants and other typical spider protocols like removing conditions conducive to nesting." "Jumping Spider - CORRECT ANSWER Brightly colored and construct silk cocoons for eggs; create by destroying cocoons, eliminating other pests, applying knockdown, space sprays, and/or crack and crevice treatment." "Funnel Weaver - CORRECT ANSWER Build funnel shaped webs around lawns and buildings; treated by destroying webs and egg sacs, knockdown applications inside, application of fine particles of insecticide like fogs and ULV may get faster results, space sprays and crack and crevice treatment are also effective." "Rodent Borne Diseases - CORRECT ANSWER Rodents can transmit disease to humans and as such pose a significant health risk when the inhabit homes or areas human frequent" "Rodent Habits - CORRECT ANSWER Rats and mice are social animals; rely on smell/taste/touch/hearing more than sight; rats are weary of new objects but mice are not, mice will go right to bait stations and traps; rats often hoard food and need water, mice eat 20 or more times during evening and get most of their water from their food; rats will venture 100-150 feet from nest for food. mice will stay closer to home often exploring their entire range each day; both mice and rats are more active at night." "Why Rodent Baiting Programs Can Fail - CORRECT ANSWER Baiting programs can fail because they may not be able to compete with a rodents regular food source. This makes sanitation of food and garbage critical in baiting programs." "Exclusion - CORRECT ANSWER The most effective long term control of mice/rats; involves inspecting the entire building and every possible entry point, ensuring these areas are sealed to prevent rodent entry." "Rodent Traps - CORRECT ANSWER Most effective with small numbers of rodents; also can be utilized when rodenticide programs have been unsuccessful" "Rodenticides - CORRECT ANSWER Pesticides that kill rodents; can come in food, water, tracking powder, or fumigant formulations; different formulations have varying hazards/risks and can utilize different modes of action." "Norway Rat - CORRECT ANSWER AKA brown rat/house rat/sewer rat; most common rat in CO; brown or gray fur; can give birth to 20-30 young per year; independent within 90 days of birth; usually live in ground burrows; can nest in walls/crawl spaces/etc; treated by placing traps or bait along runways or by fumigating burrows" "FIFRA definition of Pesticide - CORRECT ANSWER includes: defoliants, plant growth regulators, desiccants" "Pesticide Types - CORRECT ANSWER Avicides Bactericides Disinfectants - (aka antimicrobials) control microorganisms Fungicides Herbicides Insecticides - insects and arthropods Defoliants - leaves/foliage drop from plants Desiccants - dying or loss of moisture from plant tissues Growth regulators Molluscicides - slugs and snails Nematicides - nematodes Miticides - (aka acaricides) control mites and ticks Piscicides Predacides - predatory vertebrates Repellents - insects, invertebrates, birds, mammals Rodenticides Wood preservatives - protect wood from decay and stain fungi, insects, and other wood destroying organisms" "Nematodes - CORRECT ANSWER microscopic, colorless, worm-like animals that live as saprophytes (live on dead material) or parasites, cause diseases of plants or animals" "Inorganic - CORRECT ANSWER do not contain carbon, usually derived from mineral ores extracted from the earth" "Organic - CORRECT ANSWER contain carbon, mostly created by combining chemical compounds but few are extracted from plant material (called botanicals)" "NOP - CORRECT ANSWER National Organic Program: not same as organic pesticides, only approve some" "Contact Pesticide - CORRECT ANSWER only kill parts of the organism they physically come in contact with, must be absorbed through external body surface or exposed plant tissue" "Systemic Pesticice - CORRECT ANSWER move (translocate) from site of application to another site within the plant or animal where they become effective" "Stomach Poison - CORRECT ANSWER pesticide which the pest must eat in order to be intoxicated, can eat directly (plant) or indirectly (get on self and groom)" "Broad Spectrum Pesticide (advantage/disadvantage) - CORRECT ANSWER nonselective pesticide meaning they control many species - beneficial when several different pests infest a site - detrimental to beneficial insects such as bio control organisms, pollinators, earthworms" "Fumigants - CORRECT ANSWER forms gasses toxic to several organisms (broad spectrum)" "Selective Pesticide - CORRECT ANSWER pesticide that only works on certain species (ex. broadleaf)" "Pre-plant - CORRECT ANSWER applied before planting" "Pre-emergence - CORRECT ANSWER apply before seedlings emerge" "Post-emergence - CORRECT ANSWER apply after seedlings have emerged" "Residual effect - CORRECT ANSWER how long pesticide remains active against pests after it is applied" "Residual herbicides - CORRECT ANSWER nonselective applied to soil, control growing plants and prevent growth of new plants for as long as the compound remains active (often several years) primarily used in right-of-way areas or where no veg is desired" "Ready without additional dilution - CORRECT ANSWER baits, granules, gels, and dusts" "RTU - CORRECT ANSWER ready to use" "Number in front of formula abrv. in brand name refers to: - CORRECT ANSWER percent by weight of a.i. for dry formulation or percent by volume of liquid formulation" "Bait (B) - CORRECT ANSWER - large particles or granular formation A: easy to spot treat, ready to use D: accessible to pets and children" "Dry Flowable (DF) / Water Dispersible Granule (WDG) - CORRECT ANSWER - small pellets or granules, forms suspension in water A: easy to measure and mix than WP, less inhalation hazard than WP D: spray mix requires constant agitation, abrasive" "Dust (D) - CORRECT ANSWER - dry materials made of a.i. and inerts, finely ground dry material of a low concentration of a.i. A: ready to use, effective in hard-to-reach indoor areas D: drifts, easily inhaled" "Granular (G) - CORRECT ANSWER - mix of dry, large, free flowing particles, usually low concentrations of a.i. A: ready to use, no mixing, minimal drift D: some dust, may need incorporation" "Pellet (P or PS) - CORRECT ANSWER - preformed mixture of a.i. and inerts to form small pieces A: easy to spot treat D: accessible to pets and children" "Seed Treatment - CORRECT ANSWER - finely ground dry material containing colored dye A: added color makes it easy to tell treated seed from untreated D: care must be taken with dye" "Soluble Powder (SP or S) - CORRECT ANSWER - dry material that can be dissolved in liquid (true solution when mixed with water) A: agitation not needed after mixing D: dust can be inhaled" "Tablet - CORRECT ANSWER - either a.i. alone or a.i. and formulants formed into small blocks or spheres A: easy to measure and use D: accessible to pets and children" "Wettable Powder (WP or W) - CORRECT ANSWER - dry materials made of a.i. and formulant, contains a wetting and dispersing agent, mixed with water and form a suspension A: less skin absorption than EC, lower phytotoxicity, resistant to weathering D: hazardous if inhaled, needs premizing and constant agitation, abrasive, may clog screen and filters" "Abrasive - CORRECT ANSWER increases wear on nozzles and pumps" "Aerosol (A) - CORRECT ANSWER - liquid with one or more solvents, RTU in pressurized containers A: no mixing required, low concentration of a.i. D: pressurized containers hazardous if punctured or heated" "Concentrated Emulsion (EW) - CORRECT ANSWER - consists of thick water-based emulsion and a.i. paste, diluted in spray tank for application A: minimize level of solvent needed to dissolve pesticide D: hazardous if ingested" "Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC or E) - CORRECT ANSWER - clear solution with emulsifiers to be diluted in water, final spray has milky look, forms true solution when mixed with water A: high concentration of a.i. so less product to store, purchase, transport, easy to mix, non-abrasive D: amount of a.i. increases mixing hazard, flammable, easily absorbed through skin" "Flowable (F) - CORRECT ANSWER - finely ground solid particles of a.i. suspended in a liquid carrier, forms suspension in spray mix A: no dust, premix not needed D: spray mix needs constant agitation, abrasive" "Micro-encapsulated suspension - CORRECT ANSWER - suspension with a.i. impregnated into tiny, slow release plastic beads A: easy to mix and apply, reduces hazard to operator D: agitation needed, can be very hazardous to bees" "Suspension Concentrate (SC) - CORRECT ANSWER - finely ground particles in a liquid base, forms suspension when diluted with water A: easily mixed D: easily absorbed through skin" "True Liquid/Solution (L) - CORRECT ANSWER - clear liquids composed of a.i. dissolved in solvents (solution is usually water), remains clear A: easily mixed D: possibly corrosive" "Ultra-Low Volume (ULV) Concentrates - CORRECT ANSWER - solution of a.i. used undiluted only in ULV equipment, very high concentration of a.i. A: relatively easy to handle, transport, and store, remain is solution; little agitation required D: difficult to keep pesticide on target - high drift hazard, special equipment required" "Fumigant - CORRECT ANSWER - volatile liquids or solids packaged for release as a gas A: toxic to many pest forms at one time, penetrates cracks and crevices D: area to be fumigated must be well sealed, highly toxic" "Water Soluble Packets (WSP) - CORRECT ANSWER - pre-weighed amount of WP, SP, or gel formulation in a special plastic bag which dissolves in spray tank and releases contents A: low applicator exposure during mixing and loading, convenient for measuring, no container to dispose D: all quantities are premeasured and may not be the correct amount for the site" "Adjuvants - CORRECT ANSWER added ingredients which increase the effectiveness of the a.i. and make application easier" "Acidifier - CORRECT ANSWER used to lower pH" "Activator - CORRECT ANSWER increases the biological efficacy of pesticides" "Antifoaming agent - CORRECT ANSWER eliminates or suppresses foam in spray tank" "Buffer - CORRECT ANSWER causes solution to resist change in pH" "Drift control agent - CORRECT ANSWER used in liquid spray mixtures to reduce spray drift" "Penetrant - CORRECT ANSWER enhances pesticides' ability to enter substrate or penetrate surfaces" "Spreader/Wetting agent - CORRECT ANSWER increases area that spray droplet will cover on a target" "Spreader/Sticker - CORRECT ANSWER increases area that spray droplet will cover and ability of pesticide to stick to treated plant surfaces" "Sticker/Deposition aid - CORRECT ANSWER improves ability of spray deposits to adhere to targeted surfaces" "Surfactants (surface active ingredients) - CORRECT ANSWER class of adjuvants that include spreaders and stickers that change surface tension of spray solution" "Synergists - CORRECT ANSWER greatly increase pesticide activity by allowing pesticides to work better" "Compatible - CORRECT ANSWER two or more pesticides which can be mixed together" "Phytotoxicity - CORRECT ANSWER chemical injury to plants (burning, yellowing, leaf distortions, abnormal growth, stunting)" "Persistence is expressed in terms of - CORRECT ANSWER half-life or the time it takes for 50% of the pesticide to break down" "Carrier - CORRECT ANSWER enables uniform distribution of a small amount of formulated pesticide to a larger area" "Types of carriers (4) - CORRECT ANSWER Liquid - water (most widely used), liquid fertilizers, vegetable oils, and diesel oil Dry - without further dilution, granules and pellets Air - for airblast sprayers and mist blowers, air and water is used Foam - only used in special applications, special equipment may be needed" "Sanitation or source reduction - CORRECT ANSWER elimiating food, water, shelter, or other necessities important to the pest's survival" "Regulatory control - CORRECT ANSWER government agencies try to stop entry or spread of pests into an area/country via inspection, quarantine, destruction of infested material, etc." A desiccant is? A. considered a pesticide under the current version of FIFRA B. A compound that promotes drying and removal of moisture from plant tissues C. A chemical that removes water from arthropods or destroys the waxy covering that protects these organisms from the water loss D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D. All of the above" "A miticide is a pesticide which controls which type of pest? A. Fungi B. Ticks C. Nematodes D. Bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER B. Ticks" "A Molluscicide is a pesticide which controls which type of pest? A. Rodents B. Microorganisms C. slugs and snails D. Insects - CORRECT ANSWER C. Insects and snails" "Organophosphates, carbamates, sulfonylureas, phenoxys and benzenes are all examples of: A. Synthetic Pesticides B. protectant pesticides C. Organic Pesticides D. Pesticide families - CORRECT ANSWER D. Pesticide Families" "Pesticides with similar chemical structures tend to have similar characteristics and similar modes of actions. A mode of action is defined as: A. The way pesticides affect and enter pests B. the acute poisonings toxicity caused to humans C. how well pesticides tank mix D. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER A. the way pesticides affect and enter pests" "which statement is true about cultural control practices? A. trapping is an important cultural control practice B. sanitization is not considered a cultural practice C. Cultural practices alter the environment, the conditions of the host, or the behavior of the pest to prevent or suppress an infestation - CORRECT ANSWER C. Cultural practices alter the environment, the conditions of the host, or the behavior of the pest to prevent or suppress an infestation" "Which statement is true about action thresholds? A. the IPM technician needs to implement control measures below the action threshold level B. the action threshold for a pest may be set at zero pest population density C. in urban landscape, action thresholds are usually more related to economics than aesthetics - CORRECT ANSWER B. the action threshold for a pest may be set at zero pest population density" "Which statement is true about washing contaminated PPE? A. Wash a full load of PPE items at a time B. Use cold water and one cycle C. After washing items, run the washer through at least one additional entire cycle without clothing. - CORRECT ANSWER C. After washing items, run the washer through at least one additional entire cycle without clothing." "Which part of the body are the most likely to be exposed to pesticides? A. The hands and forearms B. the Chest and forearms C. the eyes and lungs - CORRECT ANSWER A. The hands and forearms" "What is the usual order for tank mixing pesticides? A. Fill tank one fifth to one half full with carrier, add suspension products, add emulsion products, add solution products, add surfactants if needed, and add compatibility agent if needed C. Fill tank one fifth to one half full with carrier, add compatibility agent if needed, add suspension products, add solution products, add surfactants if needed, and add emulsion products B. Fill the thank one fifth to one half full with carrier, add suspension products, add emulsion products, add solution products, add compatibility agent if needed, and add surfactants if needed - CORRECT ANSWER C. Fill tank one fifth to one half full with carrier, add compatibility agent if needed, add suspension products, add solution products, add surfactants if needed, and add emulsion products" "Pesticides are broadly classified by: A. how or when they work B. Mode of action C. Chemical structure D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D. All of the above" "A presto code that moves or trans locates from the site of application within a plant or animal to another site within that plant or animal are classified as: A. Stomach poisons B. Systemic C. Eradicates D. Persistent - CORRECT ANSWER B. Systemic" "Copper and sulfate are examples of active ingredients in inorganic pesticides. Inorganic pesticides are pesticides that: A. Contain carbon in their chemical structure and are usually derived from mineral ores extracted from the earth B. Kill only parts of the organism that they physically come in contact with C. Are applied before seedling come up D. Do not contain carbon in their chemical structures and are usually derived from mineral ores extracted from the earth - CORRECT ANSWER D. Do not contain carbon in their chemical structures and are usually derived from mineral ores extracted from the earth" "A post-emergence herbicide is a pesticide that should be applied: A. Before planting B. After the seedlings have come up C. Only to plant leaves and stems D. Before the seedlings have come up - CORRECT ANSWER B. After the seedlings have come up" "You want to apply the insecticide Killem-16SP. The number 16 in the grand name means? A. This is the 16th version of the product that was tested by the manufacturer B. Indicates the percent by weight if the inactive ingredients C. Means that you should use 16 grams of Kill-em in your spray tank D. Indicates the percent by weight of the active ingredient - CORRECT ANSWER D. Indicates the percent by weight of the active ingredient" "You want to apply the insecticide Killem-16SP. The abbreviation SP in the brand name stands for: A. Seed treatment B. Soluble Powder C. Granular D. Suspension concentrate - CORRECT ANSWER B. Soluble Powder" "Pesticides formulated as soluble powders are dry materials that form a true solution when mixed with water. What is meant by the word 'solution'? A. It needs constant agitation B. It might clog filters C. It consists of very fine particles that are dispersed in water D. It completely dissolved in the water and are no longer recognized as individual particles - CORRECT ANSWER D. It completely dissolved in the water and are no longer recognized as individual particles" "Dry flowable (DF). Water is dispersible granules (WDG), wettable powders (WP) and flowables (F) are all examples of formulations that are considered abrasive and may damage nozzles through increased wear: A. True B. false - CORRECT ANSWER A. true" "Stickers, wetting agents, synergists, and anti-foaming agents are all examples of: A. Seed treatments B. Systemic pesticides C. broad spectrum herbicides D. Adjuvants - CORRECT ANSWER D. Adjuvants" "A deposition aid: A. Is an adjuvant that is used to lower the pH of a pesticide spray B. Is an adjuvant that enhances a pesticides ability to penetrate the surface of a leaf C. Is an adjuvant used to refuse spray drift D. Is an adjuvant that improves the ability of the spray to adhere to targeted surfaces - CORRECT ANSWER D. Is an adjuvant that improves the ability of the spray to adhere to targeted surfaces" "If you tank mix a pesticide labeled Warning with another pesticide labeled Danger, what signal word should be used to describe the tank mix? A. Danger-Posion B. Warning C. Caution D. Danger - CORRECT ANSWER D. Danger" "Most modern pesticides do not have a long residual effect in the environment: What factors contribute to pesticide degradation? A. The specific chemical properties of the pesticide B. Microorganisms can degrade pesticides C. some pesticides break down in the sun D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D. All of the above" "Most modern pesticides do not have a long residual effect in the environment: What is it meant by residual? A. this means pesticide persists in the environment for a length of time after application B. That this pesticide contributes to pesticide resistance problems C. Some pesticides break down in the sun D. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWER A. this means pesticide persists in the environment for a length of time after application" "Resistance to pesticides only develops in insects. A. True B. False - CORRECT ANSWER B. False" "A resistance management program should include which of the following techniques: A. Make blanket applications of pesticide so you are certain to kill al pests in a given area B. Apply pesticides at all pest life stages so you are certain to kill all pests in a given area C. Apply pesticides only at the most susceptible life stages D. Rely only on chemical; pesticides to control pests - CORRECT ANSWER C. Apply pesticides only at the most susceptible life stages" "The difference between leaching and volatilization of pesticides is: A. Leaching is the downward movement of pesticides in soil and volatilization is the movement of pesticides in the surface water B. Leaching is when pesticide turns into a gas or vapor and escapes into the atmosphere and volatilization is the downward movement of pesticides in the soil C. leaching is the adsorption of pesticides to soil particles and volatilization is when pesticides turn into a gas or vapor and escapes into the atmosphere D. leaching is the downward movement of pesticides into soil and volatilization is when a pesticide turns into a gas or vapor and escapes into the atmosphere - CORRECT ANSWER D. leaching is the downward movement of pesticides into soil and volatilization is when a pesticide turns into a gas or vapor and escapes into the atmosphere" "Two weeks after an insecticide application to turf the insect pests are dead and the turf is looking brown in patches. What could have happened? A. The insecticide resulted in adsorption to the turf B. the insecticide cause phytotoxicity to the turf C. the turf is showing resistance to the insecticide D. none of the above - CORRECT ANSWER B. the insecticide cause phytotoxicity to the turf" "Pesticides are not your only pest control options. Biological, mechanical. cultural. physical/ environmental modification. host resistance and regulatory control are all part of an IPM plan. What does IPM stand for? A. In Plantae Modification B. Interesting Plan, Maybe C. integrated Plant Management D. Integrated Pest Management - CORRECT ANSWER D. Integrated Pest Management" "Biological control is the use of living organisms to reduce populations. Which of the following are types of biological controls? A. Pathogens B. Parasites C. Predators D. All of the above - CORRECT ANSWER D. All of the above" “Pest - CORRECT ANSWER Unwanted organisms that are a nuisance to man/animals and can cause injury to humans, animals, plants, structures, or possessions. Can be an insect, rodent, fungus, weed, or other organisms." "Sequence of Pest Control - CORRECT ANSWER Inspection, Diagnosis, Prescription and Application, Evaluation" "Inspection - CORRECT ANSWER Step in the pest control sequence - Includes asking customers questions and examining the building thoroughly. Look for harborage areas, conducive conditions (moisture, heat, etc), food/water sources, means of entry, and evidence of infestations (damage, droppings, etc)" "Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER Step in the pest control sequence - Includes identification of the pest and any facts contributing to infestation." "Aerosol and Fog Generators - CORRECT ANSWER Break liquid pesticides into aerosol droplets through either mechanical means (cold fogging) or heat (thermal fogging)." "Cold Foggers - CORRECT ANSWER Break insecticide into aerosol-sized droplets and propel them into the air as a "fog". Examples are ULV and ULD. Generally used to fill rooms and small warehouses to kill flying and exposed insects. Fogs do not enter cracks/crevices." "Thermal Foggers - CORRECT ANSWER Us heat to vaporize oil-based insecticide formulations, operating similarly to cold foggers but with smaller droplet size." "REI - CORRECT ANSWER Re-entry interval, the time set before people or pets reoccupy treated areas." "Dusters - CORRECT ANSWER Used to apply dust, pesticides in dust sit on surface and accumulate on insect body parts. They are either absorbed or ingested when insects groom themselves." "Traps - CORRECT ANSWER Used for centuries, includes rodent snap traps; small animal traps; rodent bait boxes and bait traps; fly traps; electric fly traps; sticky traps; pheromone dispensers; and so on. Can catch/kill populations and can also be used for monitoring." "Label - CORRECT ANSWER IT IS THE LAW. includes all written, printed, or graphic material accompanying the pesticide. Must have label in possession when using a product." "Wettable Powders (WP) - CORRECT ANSWER non-soluble pesticide is coming with a finely ground material like clay and other ingredients to improve mixing. Form a suspension solution when mixed with water that must be agitated during application. Can be abrasive to equipment and typically leave a residue." "Dry Flowables or Water Dispersible Granules (DF or WDG) - CORRECT ANSWER Similar to WP but in form of granules to be mixed with water, require agitation." "Soluble Powders (S or SP) - CORRECT ANSWER Pesticides that dissolve with water after mixing to form true solution, do not require agitation and are non-abrasive." "Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) - CORRECT ANSWER Pesticide that is soluble in an organic solvent but not in water; when combined with water a milky emulsion is formed and must be kept agitated; non-abrasive, but can deteriorate rubber and hoses; may damage surfaces; easily absorbed through skin" "Flowables (F) - CORRECT ANSWER Consists of finely ground pesticides combined with a liquid solvent and emulsifiers; when mixed w water they form a suspensions solution similar to WP; must be agitated, may be abrasive, and leave residue." "Water Soluble Concentrates or Solutions (S) - CORRECT ANSWER Pesticides that dissolve in water to form a true solution; do not require agitation; non-abrasive." "Arachnida - CORRECT ANSWER A class of arthropods, marked by 4 pairs of legs and two body regions" "Insecta - CORRECT ANSWER A class of arthropods containing all insects; marked by 3 body regions - head, thorax, and abdomen." "Order - CORRECT ANSWER Division of classes (e.g. insecta) to identify distinct groups that look much alike (e.g. beetles are an order within the insecta class)." "Families - CORRECT ANSWER Subdivision of order, made up of related species." "Common Name - CORRECT ANSWER Non-scientific name of a well known species." "Exoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER A defining characteristic of the arthropod group, new ones are formed and old ones are shed or "molted" as the arthropod grows." "Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER Changes in shape, form, and size. Can be broken into 3 types - simple, gradual, or complete." "Simple Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER No drastic change, young and adults are identical other than growing larger" "Gradual Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER 3 distinct stages; egg, nymph, adult; hatched only partially resembling adults, and nymphs are typically missing things like wings." "German Cockroach - CORRECT ANSWER Light brown with two black stripes; like areas of high humidity near food; treatment should be concentrated on harborage areas; space treatments like fogs can flush them across other pesticides to gain further control." "American Cockroach - CORRECT ANSWER largest insect pest in Colorado; commonly found in warm moist habitats like city sewer lines" "Brown Banded Cockroach - CORRECT ANSWER Similar in size and look to German; never show two stripes like German; like warm areas of multi-family dwellings and offices; highest populations in kitchens and bedrooms" "Oriental Cockroach - CORRECT ANSWER Between size of German and American; favor crawl spaces and soil around building foundations; eat starchy foods; removing leaves and organic decay is an effective way to help control." "Ant - CORRECT ANSWER One of the most common pests in homes in Colorado; become a nuisance problem when foraging into home for food or to form nest in unwanted areas like a playground; social insects with workers, male reproductives, and queens; nests are largely unnoticeable until there is a large population." "Field Ant - CORRECT ANSWER Among most common in CO; dark brown or black; nest in loose soil and never indoors; feed on variety of food including other insects; best controlled through perimeter treatments." "House Fly - CORRECT ANSWER Actually relatively infrequent in Colorado; larvae develop in garbage, animal waste, etc.; adults feed on liquid waste; treated best with trap and spot treatment on resting flies." "Face Fly - CORRECT ANSWER Most common in rural areas as they breed in cattle manure; Best treated by exterior treatment in areas where flies may enter to overwinter." "Cluster Fly - CORRECT ANSWER These lies have no stripes and have gray or yellow hair on thorax; awkward fliers indoors; nest in soil and largely feed on earthworms; perimeter treatment to prevent overwintering is a effective." "Fruit Fly - CORRECT ANSWER Usually hovering around ripened fruit; best treated through removal of breeding sources and food sources." "Fungus Gnat - CORRECT ANSWER Collect around windows and doors during late fall; usually a problem from overwatering; infestations often occur in wall voids; best treated by reducing watering and applying houseplant insecticides at frequent intervals for 3 weeks to kill generation of adults." "Silverfish - CORRECT ANSWER Ancient pests; require high humidity and 70-80 degree temps; freed on starch substances often found in paper and pastes; best treated by elimination moisture sources, dehumidifying, eliminating stored materials, and crack and crevice or fog treatments into effected areas." "Millipedes - CORRECT ANSWER Dark brown with many small legs; fed one toting organic matter; chronic household problems are associated with damp conditions; best treated by removing debris/moisture and applying residual perimeter treatments." "Boxelder Bug - CORRECT ANSWER Red and black insects; nymphs feed on tree foliage; seek overwintering in structures; treated by sealing and applying treatment to all possible entry points with residual pesticides." "Clover Mite - CORRECT ANSWER Harmless red insect that leaves red streak when smashed; habitat in grass and low weeds near foundations, particularly on sides warmed by sun; treated by sealing entries, watering turf near infested areas, general use spot treatments where activity is high, crack and crevice treatments in joints and spaces where mites emerge, and dusting voids." "Varied Carpet Beetle - CORRECT ANSWER Adults are black with irregular pattern on back; larvae have large tufts of hair; add;lts fed on flower pollen but larvae fee on various plant and animal material; treated by cleaning cat/dog hair and areas around baseboards; eliminating infected rugs/hides/etc, dry cleaning clothing, crack and crevice treatment around baseboards/edges/closets/etc and dusting wall voids." "Clothes Moth - CORRECT ANSWER Golden in color; develop on woolen fabrics and furs; larvae feed on material of animal origin; create through removing source of infestation, fry cleaning ingested clothing, storing clothing in bins to prevent further breeding, and crack and crevice treatment under baseboards, in closets, and around carpeted areas." "Indian Meal Moth - CORRECT ANSWER Most common small moth in homes; any course grind is suitable for development; usually come from purchase of previously infested product; treated by identifying all sources of development and eliminating, crack and crevice treatment near food storage areas" "Flour Beetle - CORRECT ANSWER Common in milling operations; discard products at are infested particularly flour based products; treated by crack and crevice near food storage areas" "Bald Faced Hornet - CORRECT ANSWER Stout body and darker color; produce large gray nests in trees/shrubs/eaves; treat by destroying nests with insecticide applied directly to entrance, residual dusts are particularly effective, remove nests and apply residual to prevent additional nesting" "Mud Dauber - CORRECT ANSWER Solitary wasp; build mud nest; do not remove unless near people; activity most easily discouraged with microcap or wettable powder." "Honeybee - CORRECT ANSWER Orangish to balk in color; social insects with large wax colonies; feed on nectar and pollen; allow professional beekeepers to to remove colonies safely" "Bed Bug - CORRECT ANSWER They are ectoparasites of humans, inflicting a painless bite that causes swelling and itching; typically come from infested items; treated by identifying sources, laundering items, spraying insecticides where insects hide." "Bat Bug - CORRECT ANSWER Commonly confused with bed bug; hosts are bats, birds, or small mammals; treated in similar way to bed bugs but make sure to identify host and remove that source." "Ticks - CORRECT ANSWER In Colorado the brown dog tick is most troublesome; homes typically infested via the visit of an infested dog; treated by cleaning the kennel and other pet areas, crack and crevice treatment in hiding places and around pet areas, treating around furniture/carpets/baseboards/etc, treating outdoor kennels and grassy/bushy areas with microcap" "Fleas - CORRECT ANSWER Tiny flightless insect that host on mammals and birds; adults are parasites as they feed on blood of host; treat by cleaning and vacuuming hot spots, treating pets, using IGR and other general treatments to kill off populations, using dusts." "Widow Spiders - CORRECT ANSWER Most common is western widow; marked by bright coloration on belly; female is poisonous and male is not; often found under things outside or around house in garage, window wells, and crawl spaces; keep home free of debris to prevent nesting; pesticides used must directly contact widow to kill, also helpful to control insects they feed on." "Roof Rat - CORRECT ANSWER AKA black rat/ship rat; brown with black in color; 20-30 young per year in 4-6 litters; independent by 3 months; usually nest above ground in trees, piles of wood, upper levels of building or attic; best treated in same with traps or stations placed along runways" "House Mouse - CORRECT ANSWER Dusty gray in color; breed year round producing as many as 50 long in a year and up to 10 total litters; travel over entire territory daily; treat by placing control methods where droppings are found, placing traps and/or bait along runways and around perimeter of area where activity is." "Bait Shyness - CORRECT ANSWER Avoidance of bait due to rodents that do not eat the lethal dose and communicate this preferences to the colony." Pesticide - CORRECT ANSWER chemical substance produced and sold for the control of pest species, ending term derived from Latin "cida" meaning "to kill" although some merely inhibit development not kill" "Chemical Families - CORRECT ANSWER group of pesticides which are similar to one another in chemical structure and pesticidal activity similar properties such as poisoning symptoms, persistence, first aid, cleanup, and safety guidelines" "Organophosphates - CORRECT ANSWER synthetic organic pesticide containing C, H, and P" "Carbamates - CORRECT ANSWER A group of pesticides commonly used for control of insects, mites, fungi, and weeds some are cholinesterase inhibitors" "Sulfonylureas - CORRECT ANSWER herbicide family translocated through uptake by leaves and roots" "Phenoxys - CORRECT ANSWER herbicide family affecting actively growing plant tissues (2,4-D)" "Benzenes - CORRECT ANSWER colorless, flammable liquid aromatic hydrocarbon, used as fungicide protectants" "Mode of Action - CORRECT ANSWER the way pesticides affect and enter pests (site of action)" "Foliar pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER applied to plant leaves, stems, and branches, either contact or systemic pesticides" "Soil applied pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER some taken up by roots and translocated inside the plant, others kill seedlings by contact with young shoots or leaves as they break through the soil" "Protectant fungicide - CORRECT ANSWER prevent fungal infections, retard fungal growth or prevent organisms from entering treated plants must be used before fungi reach infection stage" "Eradicant fungicide - CORRECT ANSWER destroy fungi that have already invaded plants and begun to damage plant tissues inhibit metabolic processes of growing fungal organisms" "Inert substances/ingredients - CORRECT ANSWER made of clays or organic solvents to improve application effectiveness, safety, handling, and storage" "Pesticide formulation may consist of - CORRECT ANSWER - active ingredient - carrier - surface-active ingredients (stickers/spreaders) - other: stabilizers, dyes, chemicals that improve or enhance pesticidal activity" "Resistant management program should include (8) - CORRECT ANSWER 1) combine cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical control measures into IPM program 2) rotate pesticides from different chemical fam with different modes of action 3) use correct application methods 4) apply at recommended rate, do not under apply 5) treat at most susceptible life stage 6) use short residual chemistries 7) spot treat 8) reduce number of applications" "Leaching - CORRECT ANSWER movement of pesticides through the soil profile (a pesticide held strongly to soil particles by absorption is less likely to leach)" "Bioaccumulation - CORRECT ANSWER accumulation of pesticides in living creatures which passes down the food chain, highest in fish due to water-insoluble pesticides being continuously consumed" "Chlorinated hydrocarbons - CORRECT ANSWER concentrate in the fatty tissues of humans, livestock, and wildlife (DDT is one)" "Volatility - CORRECT ANSWER when a pesticide turns into a gas or vapor" "Under what conditions does volatility increase? - CORRECT ANSWER as the temp increases and humidity decreases" "More likely to move with water in surface runoff than other pesticides - CORRECT ANSWER Soluble pesticides" "Precautions to follow to minimize/prevent phytotoxicity problems - CORRECT ANSWER - read label - use pesticides at the recommended label rate and use appropriate application intervals - use care when mixing pesticides to avoid compatibility problems - test all pesticide mixtures on small number of plants - use proper adjuvants - apply pesticides under favorable environmental conditions - avoid applying to water/nutrient stressed plants - frequently agitate the spray solution during application - thoroughly clean application equipment between uses - never apply insecticides/fungicides with herbicide contaminated equipment" "Biological control - CORRECT ANSWER introduction, improvement of effectiveness, or periodic release of natural enemies including parasites, predators, and pathogens" "Mechanical control - CORRECT ANSWER use of devices, machines, and other physical methods to control pests or alter their environment" "Cultural control - CORRECT ANSWER alter the environment, the condition of the host plant or site, or the behavior of the pest to prevent or suppress an infestation (ex: irrigation, mowing, crop rotation)"