NR 566 / NR566 Advanced PharmacologyCare of the Family Midterm Exam |
Already graded A | Latest, | Chamberlain College
Pneumonia goals of treatment
- Return to baseline respiratory status
- Fever resolves in 2 to 4 days
- Leukocytosis resolves by day 4 of treatment
- Chest x-ray may take 4 weeks or more to return
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia
- he standard treatment for infants is erythomycin
Nicotine patch teaching
- Advise patients to dispose of used nicotine patches out of the reach of
children or animals. Enough nicotine is left in a used patch to lead to toxic
levels in a child or small animal.
- The transdermal nicotine system, or "patch," provides a slow, cutaneous
absorption of nicotine over many hours. The patch is applied to clean,
nonhairy skin on the upper body or upper arm when the patient wakes up.
Peak nicotine levels occur in 2 to 6 hours (brand-dependent) and then
gradually decrease. Once the patch is removed, nicotine levels in the blood
reach a nondetectable level in 10 to 12 hours in nonsmokers.
Nicotine gum patient teaching
- Patients complain about the taste of the nicotine gum. Suggest that the
patient try the flavored variety, which patients seem to tolerate better.
- The patient should not eat or drink for 15 minutes before or while the
, lozenge is dissolving in the mouth. There may be a tingling sensation in
the mouth as the lozenge dissolves.
- Chewing too quickly causes an excess amount of nicotine to be released
into the bloodstream, producing nausea, throat irritation, and hiccoughs. The
patient should avoid
smoking while chewing nicotine gum because toxicity symptoms may
occur (nausea, vomiting, and headache).
Common bacterial pathogens of Adult pneumonia
- S. pneumoniae
- Patients with underlying lung disease
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis
- Staph aureus: co-pathogen with influenza
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Viral pneumonia
Common bacterial pathogens of Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- Consult current treatment guidelines for the most recent treatment
guidelines for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Common bacterial pathogens of CAP in pregnant women
- Main pathogens are S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, and viruses
- Macrolides
- Pregnancy category B: erythromycin, azithromycin
- Pregnancy category category C: clarithromycin
- Comorbid conditions or recent antibiotics:
, - Beta-lactam plus a macrolide
Common pediatric pneumonia pathogens
- S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in
patients of all ages
- Increase in viral pneumonia with PCV7 vaccine
- Infants 4 to 16 weeks
- Consider chlamydia
- Over 5 years through adolescence
- Consider mycoplasma
- Community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
- Virus
Clinical practice guidelines for treatment of CAP
- Children under age 5 years
- Bacterial pneumonia (S. pneumoniae)
- Amoxicillin: 80 to 90 mg/kg/day
- Ceftriaxone: 50 mg/kg/day until able to take oral antibiotics
- Penicillin allergy: clindamycin or a macrolide
- Infant with suspected chlamydial pneumonia
- Azithromycin 20 mg/kg/day for 3 days OR erythromycin (EryPed) 50
mg/kg for 14 days
- Children 5 Years or Older
- Mycoplasma or other atypical most likely
- Azithromycin: 10 mg/kg on day 1 and 5 mg/kg on days 2 through 5
- Clarithromycin: 15 mg/kg per day in two divided doses (maximum 1 g/day)
- Erythromycin: 40 to 50 mg/kg/day
CAP treatment in pregnancy
- abx treatment:
, - 1st choice: Erythromycin or azithromycin cat B. or Clarythromycin cat C. hi hi
Radiologic findings during CAP treatment
hi hi hi hi
- assist in confirming the dx of pneumonia vs other resp disorders such as lung
hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi
hi abscess ortuberculosis
hi i
h
Common side effects associated with smoking cessation therapy
hi hi hi hi hi hi hi
- Constipation.
Already graded A | Latest, | Chamberlain College
Pneumonia goals of treatment
- Return to baseline respiratory status
- Fever resolves in 2 to 4 days
- Leukocytosis resolves by day 4 of treatment
- Chest x-ray may take 4 weeks or more to return
Treatment of chlamydial pneumonia
- he standard treatment for infants is erythomycin
Nicotine patch teaching
- Advise patients to dispose of used nicotine patches out of the reach of
children or animals. Enough nicotine is left in a used patch to lead to toxic
levels in a child or small animal.
- The transdermal nicotine system, or "patch," provides a slow, cutaneous
absorption of nicotine over many hours. The patch is applied to clean,
nonhairy skin on the upper body or upper arm when the patient wakes up.
Peak nicotine levels occur in 2 to 6 hours (brand-dependent) and then
gradually decrease. Once the patch is removed, nicotine levels in the blood
reach a nondetectable level in 10 to 12 hours in nonsmokers.
Nicotine gum patient teaching
- Patients complain about the taste of the nicotine gum. Suggest that the
patient try the flavored variety, which patients seem to tolerate better.
- The patient should not eat or drink for 15 minutes before or while the
, lozenge is dissolving in the mouth. There may be a tingling sensation in
the mouth as the lozenge dissolves.
- Chewing too quickly causes an excess amount of nicotine to be released
into the bloodstream, producing nausea, throat irritation, and hiccoughs. The
patient should avoid
smoking while chewing nicotine gum because toxicity symptoms may
occur (nausea, vomiting, and headache).
Common bacterial pathogens of Adult pneumonia
- S. pneumoniae
- Patients with underlying lung disease
- Nontypeable Haemophilus influenza and Moraxella catarrhalis
- Staph aureus: co-pathogen with influenza
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- Viral pneumonia
Common bacterial pathogens of Adult Community-Acquired Pneumonia
- Consult current treatment guidelines for the most recent treatment
guidelines for community acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Common bacterial pathogens of CAP in pregnant women
- Main pathogens are S. pneumoniae
- H. influenzae, M. pneumoniae, and viruses
- Macrolides
- Pregnancy category B: erythromycin, azithromycin
- Pregnancy category category C: clarithromycin
- Comorbid conditions or recent antibiotics:
, - Beta-lactam plus a macrolide
Common pediatric pneumonia pathogens
- S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia in
patients of all ages
- Increase in viral pneumonia with PCV7 vaccine
- Infants 4 to 16 weeks
- Consider chlamydia
- Over 5 years through adolescence
- Consider mycoplasma
- Community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
- Virus
Clinical practice guidelines for treatment of CAP
- Children under age 5 years
- Bacterial pneumonia (S. pneumoniae)
- Amoxicillin: 80 to 90 mg/kg/day
- Ceftriaxone: 50 mg/kg/day until able to take oral antibiotics
- Penicillin allergy: clindamycin or a macrolide
- Infant with suspected chlamydial pneumonia
- Azithromycin 20 mg/kg/day for 3 days OR erythromycin (EryPed) 50
mg/kg for 14 days
- Children 5 Years or Older
- Mycoplasma or other atypical most likely
- Azithromycin: 10 mg/kg on day 1 and 5 mg/kg on days 2 through 5
- Clarithromycin: 15 mg/kg per day in two divided doses (maximum 1 g/day)
- Erythromycin: 40 to 50 mg/kg/day
CAP treatment in pregnancy
- abx treatment:
, - 1st choice: Erythromycin or azithromycin cat B. or Clarythromycin cat C. hi hi
Radiologic findings during CAP treatment
hi hi hi hi
- assist in confirming the dx of pneumonia vs other resp disorders such as lung
hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi hi
hi abscess ortuberculosis
hi i
h
Common side effects associated with smoking cessation therapy
hi hi hi hi hi hi hi
- Constipation.
