NUR2063-Pathophysiology Final EXAM-COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS | RATED 100% CORRECT!! GUARANTEED PASS |
ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the physiological reactions during "fight or flight"? - (answers)Increased heart rate,
increased blood pressure, dilated pupils
What is the homeostasis? - (answers)The state of equilibrium or balance in the body
What is the function of the ribosomes? - (answers)Protein synthesis
What hormone in the body increases blood sugar? - (answers)Glucagon
What hormone in the body decreases blood sugar? - (answers)Insulin
What chemical functions the whole endocrine system?
(What does the endocrine system rely on?) - (answers)Hormones
What type of cell division only occurs in a sperm or an ovum? - (answers)Meiosis
What can be a cause of edema? - (answers)Decreased in plasma proteins
What type of electrolytes are intracellular? - (answers)Potassium and magnesium
What is the normal range for potassium? - (answers)3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the normal range for sodium? - (answers)135-145 mEq/L
What is the normal range for calcium? - (answers)4-5 mEq/L or 8-10mg
,What is the normal range for pH? - (answers)7.35-7.45
What is the normal range for HCO3 (bicarbonate)? - (answers)22-26
What is the normal range for CO2? - (answers)35-45
What is the normal range for O (oxygen)? - (answers)> 90
Why is hyponatremia a concern? - (answers)Causes swelling in the brain
**FATAL**
What are the manifestations ions of hypovolemia? - (answers)Alt. state of consciousness,
thirst, dehydration, decreased blood volume
What are the manifestations of hypervolemia? - (answers)Bounding pulse, crackles in the
lungs, increased urine retention
What organ stores electrolytes? - (answers)Bones and kidneys
Where is calcium stored in the body? - (answers)Bones
Is edema a sign or symptom? - (answers)Sign
What is an example of insensible water loss? - (answers)Tears, sweating and breathing
What type of solution leads to a fluid shift from extracellular to intracellular? -
(answers)Hypotonic (swelling of the cell)
,What is the movement of fluids between the interstitial and intracellular compartments? -
(answers)Osmosis
What is the movement of electrolytes towards a lower concentration? - (answers)Diffusion
What deficiency leads to hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality? - (answers)Water
or fluids
What is the role of the lungs when maintaining acid-base balance? - (answers)Expelling
carbon dioxide
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - (answers)Diarrhea
What can cause metabolic alkalosis? - (answers)Vomitting
What type of solution is 0.9% sodium chloride? - (answers)Isotonic
What type of solution shifts fluid from intracellular to extracellular, causing cell breakage? -
(answers)Hypertonic
What are the manifestations of a fluid volume deficit? - (answers)Thirst, dry mucus
membranes
What is sepsis? - (answers)An infection of the entire body
What is a severe example of inflammation? - (answers)Sepsis
What is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious agents? - (answers)Hand
washing
, What type of chemicals are released when there is swelling and inflammation? -
(answers)Histamine
Why is an area red and warm during an inflammatory response? - (answers)Increased blood
flow
What is an alteration in homeostasis? - (answers)Fever
What is the role of histamine during seasonal allergies? - (answers)Vasodilation, increased
blood flow to an area, congestion in the area of allergy
In the General Adaptation Syndrome, the alarm stage releases what stress hormones? -
(answers)Epinephrine, cortisol, norepinephrine (catecholamines)
What happens during anaphylaxis? - (answers)Bronchial constriction of the airways,
vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
What type of disease is rheumatoid arthritis? - (answers)Autoimmune
What is an example of passive immunity? - (answers)Mother to baby through breastmilk
What type of white blood cells will be responsible for the cell-mutated immunity and
production of immunoglobulins? - (answers)Lymphocytes
What is meant by leukocytosis? - (answers)Increased white blood cell count
What type of immunity is a vaccination? - (answers)Active Acquired Artificial
What does HIV cause? - (answers)Immunodeficiency
ANSWERS | RATED 100% CORRECT!! GUARANTEED PASS |
ALREADY GRADED A+
What are the physiological reactions during "fight or flight"? - (answers)Increased heart rate,
increased blood pressure, dilated pupils
What is the homeostasis? - (answers)The state of equilibrium or balance in the body
What is the function of the ribosomes? - (answers)Protein synthesis
What hormone in the body increases blood sugar? - (answers)Glucagon
What hormone in the body decreases blood sugar? - (answers)Insulin
What chemical functions the whole endocrine system?
(What does the endocrine system rely on?) - (answers)Hormones
What type of cell division only occurs in a sperm or an ovum? - (answers)Meiosis
What can be a cause of edema? - (answers)Decreased in plasma proteins
What type of electrolytes are intracellular? - (answers)Potassium and magnesium
What is the normal range for potassium? - (answers)3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the normal range for sodium? - (answers)135-145 mEq/L
What is the normal range for calcium? - (answers)4-5 mEq/L or 8-10mg
,What is the normal range for pH? - (answers)7.35-7.45
What is the normal range for HCO3 (bicarbonate)? - (answers)22-26
What is the normal range for CO2? - (answers)35-45
What is the normal range for O (oxygen)? - (answers)> 90
Why is hyponatremia a concern? - (answers)Causes swelling in the brain
**FATAL**
What are the manifestations ions of hypovolemia? - (answers)Alt. state of consciousness,
thirst, dehydration, decreased blood volume
What are the manifestations of hypervolemia? - (answers)Bounding pulse, crackles in the
lungs, increased urine retention
What organ stores electrolytes? - (answers)Bones and kidneys
Where is calcium stored in the body? - (answers)Bones
Is edema a sign or symptom? - (answers)Sign
What is an example of insensible water loss? - (answers)Tears, sweating and breathing
What type of solution leads to a fluid shift from extracellular to intracellular? -
(answers)Hypotonic (swelling of the cell)
,What is the movement of fluids between the interstitial and intracellular compartments? -
(answers)Osmosis
What is the movement of electrolytes towards a lower concentration? - (answers)Diffusion
What deficiency leads to hypernatremia and increased serum osmolality? - (answers)Water
or fluids
What is the role of the lungs when maintaining acid-base balance? - (answers)Expelling
carbon dioxide
What can cause metabolic acidosis? - (answers)Diarrhea
What can cause metabolic alkalosis? - (answers)Vomitting
What type of solution is 0.9% sodium chloride? - (answers)Isotonic
What type of solution shifts fluid from intracellular to extracellular, causing cell breakage? -
(answers)Hypertonic
What are the manifestations of a fluid volume deficit? - (answers)Thirst, dry mucus
membranes
What is sepsis? - (answers)An infection of the entire body
What is a severe example of inflammation? - (answers)Sepsis
What is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious agents? - (answers)Hand
washing
, What type of chemicals are released when there is swelling and inflammation? -
(answers)Histamine
Why is an area red and warm during an inflammatory response? - (answers)Increased blood
flow
What is an alteration in homeostasis? - (answers)Fever
What is the role of histamine during seasonal allergies? - (answers)Vasodilation, increased
blood flow to an area, congestion in the area of allergy
In the General Adaptation Syndrome, the alarm stage releases what stress hormones? -
(answers)Epinephrine, cortisol, norepinephrine (catecholamines)
What happens during anaphylaxis? - (answers)Bronchial constriction of the airways,
vasodilation, increased capillary permeability
What type of disease is rheumatoid arthritis? - (answers)Autoimmune
What is an example of passive immunity? - (answers)Mother to baby through breastmilk
What type of white blood cells will be responsible for the cell-mutated immunity and
production of immunoglobulins? - (answers)Lymphocytes
What is meant by leukocytosis? - (answers)Increased white blood cell count
What type of immunity is a vaccination? - (answers)Active Acquired Artificial
What does HIV cause? - (answers)Immunodeficiency
