HESI - Fundamentals practice questions
AND ANSWERS
1. "It shows the time wanted for the SA node impulse to depolarize the atria and journey via
the AV node."
Explanation:
The PR interval is measured from the start of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS
complicated and represents the time wanted for sinus node stimulation, atrial
depolarization, and conduction through the AV node earlier than ventricular
depolarization. In a ordinary heart the impulses do now not tour backward. The PR c
programming language does now not encompass the time it take to tour via the Purkinje
fibers - ANSWER-P-R c program languageperiod
0.24 seconds
Explanation:
2. - ANSWER-Which PR interval gives a primary-degree heart block? In adults, the
normal variety for the PR is zero.12 to zero.20 seconds. A PR internal of zero.24
seconds could suggest a first-diploma coronary heart block.
3. 3 assessments of safe medicine administration - ANSWER-1) Before you pour, blend,
or draw up a remedy
2) After you prepare the drugs
three) At the bedside
4. 5 levels of contamination - ANSWER-Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline,
convalescence
5. 64.A low-sodium, low-protein eating regimen is prescribed for a forty five-yr-old
consumer with renal insufficiency and high blood pressure, who gained 3 pounds in the
ultimate month. The nurse determines that the client has been noncompliant with the
food plan, primarily based on which report from the 24-hour dietary do not forget?
(Select all that practice.)
A. Snack of potato chips, and weight-reduction plan soda.
B. Lunch of tuna fish sandwich, carrot sticks, sparkling fruit, and espresso.
C. Breakfast of eggs, bacon, toast, and espresso.
D. Dinner of vegetable lasagna, tossed salad, sherbet, and iced tea.
E. Bedtime snack of crackers and milk. - ANSWER-Potato chips (A) are excessive in
sodium. Tuna (B) is excessive in protein. 1st Baron Beaverbrook (C) and crackers
(E) are excessive in sodium. Only (D) is a meal that is in compliance with a low
sodium, low protein weight loss plan.
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
,6. 65.What intervention need to the nurse consist of inside the plan of care for a consumer
who's being treated with an Unna's paste boot for leg ulcers because of continual
venous insufficiency?
A. Check capillary top off of ft on decrease extremity with Unna's paste boot.
B. Apply dressing to wound vicinity before making use of the Unna's paste boot.
C. Wrap the leg from the knee down closer to the foot.
D. Remove the Unna's paste boot q8h to evaluate wound recovery. - ANSWER-The
Unna's paste boot becomes inflexible after it dries, so it is essential to check
distally for good enough movement (A). Kerlix is often wrapped across the out of
doors of the boot and an ace bandage may be used to cowl each, however no
bandage need to be put below it (B). The Unna's paste boot ought to be
implemented from the foot and wrapped towards the knee (C). The Unna's paste
boot acts as a sterile dressing, and have to not be eliminated q8h. Weekly
elimination is cheap (D).
Correct Answer: A
7. sixty six.A 75-12 months-old client who has a history of end degree renal failure and
superior lung cancer, these days had a stroke. Two days in the past the healthcare
company discontinued the purchaser's dialysis remedies, stating that death is inevitable,
however the client is disoriented and will not sign a DNR directive. What is the priority
nursing intervention?
A. Review the client's most latest laboratory reports.
B. Refer the client and own family individuals for hospice care.
C. Notify the medical institution ethics committee of the purchaser situation.
D. Determine who's legally empowered to make choices. - ANSWER-When death is
imminent, it is crucial for the nurse to determine who's legally empowered to make
selections regarding using lifestyles-saving measures for the patron (D). (A) might
be extraordinary and will get worse with out dialysis, so are not of instantaneous
challenge. (B) may assist enhance the purchaser's fine of existence prior to
demise, but is of less immediacy than determining whether moves should be
taken to shop a purchaser's existence. If the nurse remains unable to decide who
is empowered to make choices in this case, the nurse may additionally pick to
contact the ethics committee (C) for a resolution.
Correct Answer: D
8. 67.The charge nurse assigns a nursing technique to a brand new staff nurse who has
not formerly finished the technique. What movement is most important for the new staff
nurse to take?
A. Review the steps inside the system guide.
B. Ask every other nurse to assist while enforcing the technique.
C. Follow the corporation's policy and procedure.
D. Refuse to carry out the challenge that is past the nurse's revel in. -
ANSWER-According to states' nurse practice acts, it is the responsibility of the
nurse to feature within the scope of competency (D), and in this example secure
nursing practice constitutes refusal to carry out the technique due to a lack of
revel in. Although state mandates, employer rules, and persevered education and
, revel in pick out tasks which are inside the scope of nursing practice, nurses have
to first refuse to perform tasks which are beyond their proficiency, after which
pursue possibilities to beautify their competency (A, B, and C).
Correct Answer: D
9. sixty eight.Before administering a patron's medicinal drug, the nurse assesses a
exchange inside the customer's condition and decides to withhold the drugs until
consulting with the healthcare company. After session with the healthcare provider, the
dose of the medication is modified and the nurse administers the newly prescribed dose
an hour later than the at first scheduled time. What motion should the nurse put into
effect in response to this case?
A. Notify the price nurse that a medicinal drug error passed off.
B. Submit a medication variance file to the manager.
C. Document the activities that came about in the nurses' notes.
D. Discard the unique medicinal drug administration file. - ANSWER-The nurse took
the ideal motion and need to record the events that befell in the nurses' notes (C).
(A) did not occur and (B) isn't indicated. The medicinal drug administration
document is part of the client's medical document and have to be located inside
the chart, (D) whilst now not current.
Correct Answer: C
10.sixty nine.On the 1/3 postoperative day following thoracic surgical operation, a purchaser
reviews feeling constipated. Which intervention have to the nurse put into effect to
promote bowel removal?
A. Remind the purchaser to show each two hours even as mendacity in mattress.
B. Provide warm prune juice earlier than the consumer is going to mattress at night time.
C. Teach the patron to splint the incision whilst strolling to the bathroom.
D. Administer an analgesic earlier than the patron tries to defecate. - ANSWER-Prune
juice is a herbal laxative that stimulates peristalsis, and warming the prune juice
(B) helps peristalsis. (A) is likewise beneficial in promoting peristalsis but is less
possibly to alleviate the customer's constipation. (C) reduces soreness for the
duration of ambulation, however will now not help relieve the client's constipation.
Defecation isn't always painful following maximum surgeries, and lots of
analgesics used postoperatively cause constipation, so (D) is contraindicated.
Correct Answer: B
11.70.The home fitness nurse visits an aged purchaser who lives at home along with her
husband. The consumer is experiencing common episodes of diarrhea and bowel
incontinence. Which hassle, for which the customer is at hazard, has the best priority
whilst making plans the consumer's care?
A. Disturbed sleep pattern.
B. Caregiver function strain.
C. Impaired skin integrity.
D. Fluid quantity imbalance. - ANSWER-Diarrhea can result in fluid volume loss, that
is doubtlessly lifestyles-threatening, so the highest priority is to prevent a fluid
quantity imbalance (D). Diarrhea and bowel incontinence also can lead to (A, B,
and C), but those are of less capacity harm than a fluid quantity deficit.
, Correct Answer: D
12.71.After a client has been premedicated for surgical operation with an opioid analgesic,
the nurse discovers that the operative permit has not been signed. What action should
the nurse implement?
A. Notify the health care professional that the consent shape has now not been signed.
B. Read the consent shape to the purchaser before witnessing the patron's signature.
C. Determine if the client's spouse is willing to sign the consent form.
D. Administer an opioid antagonist previous to acquiring the customer's signature. -
ANSWER-Once a client has been premedicated for surgical procedure with any
kind of sedative, prison knowledgeable consent isn't viable, so the nurse need to
notify the healthcare professional (A). (B, C, and D) aren't legally possible options
for making sure knowledgeable consent.
Correct Answer: A
13.seventy two.A customer who has been on bedrest for several days now has a
prescription to development pastime as tolerated. When the nurse assists the purchaser
off the bed for the primary time, the patron becomes dizzy. What movement ought to the
nurse put into effect?
14.A. Encourage the client to take several slow, deep breaths whilst ambulating.
15.B. Help the customer to remain status by using the bedside till the dizziness is relieved.
16.C. Instruct the consumer to remain on bedrest till the healthcare provider is contacted.
17.D. Advise the patron to take a seat on the side of the mattress for a couple of minutes
earlier than status again. - ANSWER-The nurse have to enforce (D), due to the fact
orthostatic hypotension is a common end result of immobilization, inflicting the customer
to experience dizzy whilst first getting away from bed following a duration of bedrest. To
save you this hassle, it is useful to have the frame acclimate to a standing function by
means of sitting upright for a quick duration (D) before rising to a status role. (A) is not
going to relieve the dizziness. (B) may additionally bring about a lack of consciousness.
(C) isn't always indicated and will growth the capacity for complications related to
prolonged immobility.
18.Correct Answer: D
19.74.A patron is admitted to the health center with intractable ache. What education have
to the nurse provide the unlicensed assistive employees (UAP) who is getting ready to
help this purchaser with a mattress bathtub?
20.A. Take measures to sell as a whole lot comfort as possible.
21.B. Report any signs and symptoms of drug addiction to the nurse immediately.
22.C. Wait till the patron's ache is long gone before assisting with personal care.
23.D. This consumer's pain will be hard to manipulate, since the cause is unknown. -
ANSWER-Intractable ache is highly resistant to pain remedy measures, so it's miles
crucial to sell consolation (A) throughout all sports. A purchaser with intractable ache
may additionally broaden drug tolerance and dependence, but (B) is beside the point for
a UAP. Since intractable pain is proof against comfort measures, (C) may not be
possible. Psychogenic pain (D) is a painful sensation this is perceived but has no
regarded cause.
24.Correct Answer: A
AND ANSWERS
1. "It shows the time wanted for the SA node impulse to depolarize the atria and journey via
the AV node."
Explanation:
The PR interval is measured from the start of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS
complicated and represents the time wanted for sinus node stimulation, atrial
depolarization, and conduction through the AV node earlier than ventricular
depolarization. In a ordinary heart the impulses do now not tour backward. The PR c
programming language does now not encompass the time it take to tour via the Purkinje
fibers - ANSWER-P-R c program languageperiod
0.24 seconds
Explanation:
2. - ANSWER-Which PR interval gives a primary-degree heart block? In adults, the
normal variety for the PR is zero.12 to zero.20 seconds. A PR internal of zero.24
seconds could suggest a first-diploma coronary heart block.
3. 3 assessments of safe medicine administration - ANSWER-1) Before you pour, blend,
or draw up a remedy
2) After you prepare the drugs
three) At the bedside
4. 5 levels of contamination - ANSWER-Incubation, prodromal, illness, decline,
convalescence
5. 64.A low-sodium, low-protein eating regimen is prescribed for a forty five-yr-old
consumer with renal insufficiency and high blood pressure, who gained 3 pounds in the
ultimate month. The nurse determines that the client has been noncompliant with the
food plan, primarily based on which report from the 24-hour dietary do not forget?
(Select all that practice.)
A. Snack of potato chips, and weight-reduction plan soda.
B. Lunch of tuna fish sandwich, carrot sticks, sparkling fruit, and espresso.
C. Breakfast of eggs, bacon, toast, and espresso.
D. Dinner of vegetable lasagna, tossed salad, sherbet, and iced tea.
E. Bedtime snack of crackers and milk. - ANSWER-Potato chips (A) are excessive in
sodium. Tuna (B) is excessive in protein. 1st Baron Beaverbrook (C) and crackers
(E) are excessive in sodium. Only (D) is a meal that is in compliance with a low
sodium, low protein weight loss plan.
Correct Answer: A, B, C, E
,6. 65.What intervention need to the nurse consist of inside the plan of care for a consumer
who's being treated with an Unna's paste boot for leg ulcers because of continual
venous insufficiency?
A. Check capillary top off of ft on decrease extremity with Unna's paste boot.
B. Apply dressing to wound vicinity before making use of the Unna's paste boot.
C. Wrap the leg from the knee down closer to the foot.
D. Remove the Unna's paste boot q8h to evaluate wound recovery. - ANSWER-The
Unna's paste boot becomes inflexible after it dries, so it is essential to check
distally for good enough movement (A). Kerlix is often wrapped across the out of
doors of the boot and an ace bandage may be used to cowl each, however no
bandage need to be put below it (B). The Unna's paste boot ought to be
implemented from the foot and wrapped towards the knee (C). The Unna's paste
boot acts as a sterile dressing, and have to not be eliminated q8h. Weekly
elimination is cheap (D).
Correct Answer: A
7. sixty six.A 75-12 months-old client who has a history of end degree renal failure and
superior lung cancer, these days had a stroke. Two days in the past the healthcare
company discontinued the purchaser's dialysis remedies, stating that death is inevitable,
however the client is disoriented and will not sign a DNR directive. What is the priority
nursing intervention?
A. Review the client's most latest laboratory reports.
B. Refer the client and own family individuals for hospice care.
C. Notify the medical institution ethics committee of the purchaser situation.
D. Determine who's legally empowered to make choices. - ANSWER-When death is
imminent, it is crucial for the nurse to determine who's legally empowered to make
selections regarding using lifestyles-saving measures for the patron (D). (A) might
be extraordinary and will get worse with out dialysis, so are not of instantaneous
challenge. (B) may assist enhance the purchaser's fine of existence prior to
demise, but is of less immediacy than determining whether moves should be
taken to shop a purchaser's existence. If the nurse remains unable to decide who
is empowered to make choices in this case, the nurse may additionally pick to
contact the ethics committee (C) for a resolution.
Correct Answer: D
8. 67.The charge nurse assigns a nursing technique to a brand new staff nurse who has
not formerly finished the technique. What movement is most important for the new staff
nurse to take?
A. Review the steps inside the system guide.
B. Ask every other nurse to assist while enforcing the technique.
C. Follow the corporation's policy and procedure.
D. Refuse to carry out the challenge that is past the nurse's revel in. -
ANSWER-According to states' nurse practice acts, it is the responsibility of the
nurse to feature within the scope of competency (D), and in this example secure
nursing practice constitutes refusal to carry out the technique due to a lack of
revel in. Although state mandates, employer rules, and persevered education and
, revel in pick out tasks which are inside the scope of nursing practice, nurses have
to first refuse to perform tasks which are beyond their proficiency, after which
pursue possibilities to beautify their competency (A, B, and C).
Correct Answer: D
9. sixty eight.Before administering a patron's medicinal drug, the nurse assesses a
exchange inside the customer's condition and decides to withhold the drugs until
consulting with the healthcare company. After session with the healthcare provider, the
dose of the medication is modified and the nurse administers the newly prescribed dose
an hour later than the at first scheduled time. What motion should the nurse put into
effect in response to this case?
A. Notify the price nurse that a medicinal drug error passed off.
B. Submit a medication variance file to the manager.
C. Document the activities that came about in the nurses' notes.
D. Discard the unique medicinal drug administration file. - ANSWER-The nurse took
the ideal motion and need to record the events that befell in the nurses' notes (C).
(A) did not occur and (B) isn't indicated. The medicinal drug administration
document is part of the client's medical document and have to be located inside
the chart, (D) whilst now not current.
Correct Answer: C
10.sixty nine.On the 1/3 postoperative day following thoracic surgical operation, a purchaser
reviews feeling constipated. Which intervention have to the nurse put into effect to
promote bowel removal?
A. Remind the purchaser to show each two hours even as mendacity in mattress.
B. Provide warm prune juice earlier than the consumer is going to mattress at night time.
C. Teach the patron to splint the incision whilst strolling to the bathroom.
D. Administer an analgesic earlier than the patron tries to defecate. - ANSWER-Prune
juice is a herbal laxative that stimulates peristalsis, and warming the prune juice
(B) helps peristalsis. (A) is likewise beneficial in promoting peristalsis but is less
possibly to alleviate the customer's constipation. (C) reduces soreness for the
duration of ambulation, however will now not help relieve the client's constipation.
Defecation isn't always painful following maximum surgeries, and lots of
analgesics used postoperatively cause constipation, so (D) is contraindicated.
Correct Answer: B
11.70.The home fitness nurse visits an aged purchaser who lives at home along with her
husband. The consumer is experiencing common episodes of diarrhea and bowel
incontinence. Which hassle, for which the customer is at hazard, has the best priority
whilst making plans the consumer's care?
A. Disturbed sleep pattern.
B. Caregiver function strain.
C. Impaired skin integrity.
D. Fluid quantity imbalance. - ANSWER-Diarrhea can result in fluid volume loss, that
is doubtlessly lifestyles-threatening, so the highest priority is to prevent a fluid
quantity imbalance (D). Diarrhea and bowel incontinence also can lead to (A, B,
and C), but those are of less capacity harm than a fluid quantity deficit.
, Correct Answer: D
12.71.After a client has been premedicated for surgical operation with an opioid analgesic,
the nurse discovers that the operative permit has not been signed. What action should
the nurse implement?
A. Notify the health care professional that the consent shape has now not been signed.
B. Read the consent shape to the purchaser before witnessing the patron's signature.
C. Determine if the client's spouse is willing to sign the consent form.
D. Administer an opioid antagonist previous to acquiring the customer's signature. -
ANSWER-Once a client has been premedicated for surgical procedure with any
kind of sedative, prison knowledgeable consent isn't viable, so the nurse need to
notify the healthcare professional (A). (B, C, and D) aren't legally possible options
for making sure knowledgeable consent.
Correct Answer: A
13.seventy two.A customer who has been on bedrest for several days now has a
prescription to development pastime as tolerated. When the nurse assists the purchaser
off the bed for the primary time, the patron becomes dizzy. What movement ought to the
nurse put into effect?
14.A. Encourage the client to take several slow, deep breaths whilst ambulating.
15.B. Help the customer to remain status by using the bedside till the dizziness is relieved.
16.C. Instruct the consumer to remain on bedrest till the healthcare provider is contacted.
17.D. Advise the patron to take a seat on the side of the mattress for a couple of minutes
earlier than status again. - ANSWER-The nurse have to enforce (D), due to the fact
orthostatic hypotension is a common end result of immobilization, inflicting the customer
to experience dizzy whilst first getting away from bed following a duration of bedrest. To
save you this hassle, it is useful to have the frame acclimate to a standing function by
means of sitting upright for a quick duration (D) before rising to a status role. (A) is not
going to relieve the dizziness. (B) may additionally bring about a lack of consciousness.
(C) isn't always indicated and will growth the capacity for complications related to
prolonged immobility.
18.Correct Answer: D
19.74.A patron is admitted to the health center with intractable ache. What education have
to the nurse provide the unlicensed assistive employees (UAP) who is getting ready to
help this purchaser with a mattress bathtub?
20.A. Take measures to sell as a whole lot comfort as possible.
21.B. Report any signs and symptoms of drug addiction to the nurse immediately.
22.C. Wait till the patron's ache is long gone before assisting with personal care.
23.D. This consumer's pain will be hard to manipulate, since the cause is unknown. -
ANSWER-Intractable ache is highly resistant to pain remedy measures, so it's miles
crucial to sell consolation (A) throughout all sports. A purchaser with intractable ache
may additionally broaden drug tolerance and dependence, but (B) is beside the point for
a UAP. Since intractable pain is proof against comfort measures, (C) may not be
possible. Psychogenic pain (D) is a painful sensation this is perceived but has no
regarded cause.
24.Correct Answer: A
