1
NUR 206
NUR 206/ NUR206 E XAM 2| QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS| GRADE A| (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
(2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
1. Normal respiratory rate: 12-20 breaths per minute
2. What increases respiration rate?: - more rapid in infants
- fever, exercise (increases metabolic rate and oxygen needs of body)
-respiratory disease, cardiac disease, anemia, high altitudes
- some medications (stimulants)
-pain
3. What decreases respiratory rate?: •Increased intracranial
pressure = head trauma
•Brain tumors on the parts of the brain that control breathing
•Some medications= in particular opiods
•Sleeping, rest
4. apnea: periods of not breathing
5. dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
NUR 206
,6. orthopnea: having to sit up to breath well, usually in cardiac or
respiratory disease
7. hyperventilation: over-ventilating, too much CO2 removed, not
enough O2 in
8. hypoventilation: under-ventilating - too little O2 in, retain too much
CO2
9. Stridor: harsh high-pitched sound at inspiration, from blockages to
airway
(blockage in upper airway)
10. Wheezes: a high-pitched squeak or musical sound, from narrowed
airway
11. Crackles: (rales) crackly sounds or air through liquid/secretions;
alveoli popping
open
12. Ronchi: (Gurgles) Course wheezing or air through mucous/liquid
13. Airway Obstruction: •Partial indicated by low-pitched snoring
during inhalation
, 3
NUR 206
•Complete indicated by extreme inspiratory effort with no chest
movement
14. Patterns of breathing: tachypnea, eupnea, bradypnea, Cheyne-
Stokes, Kussmaul's respirations
15. eupnea: normal breathing
16. Tachypnea: rapid breathing, >24/minute (adult)
17. bradypnea: slowed breathing, <12/minute
18. Cheyne-Stokes: deep then shallow respirations followed by apnea,
irregular
19. . Kussmaul's respirations: periods of apnea with periods of deep,
rapid respirations (metabolic acidosis)
20. Hypoxia: low oxygen in tissue cells in the body
•Can be chronic or acute
21. What are symptoms of hypoxia?: •Confusion, headache,
enlarged heart,
•Anorexia, weakness, muscle pain
•Decreased urine output, dyspnea
NUR 206
, •Elevated BP, pulse, and Respiratory rate
•Physical distress, orthopnea, pale
•Cyanosis= (peripheral) - extremities, (central) - lips, eyes, mucous
membranes -> usually more severe
•(in dark skin tones, cyanosis by appear white, not blue in the
conjunctiva/skin around the mouth)
•Anxiety
•Nasal flaring, retractions
•Clubbing of digits if long-term
•Barrel chest if long-term COPD
26. Infants have smaller, immature resp. tract & a
__________ resp. rate: higher
27. The elderly have less ___________________, including
diaphragm less elastic ___________, reduced lung capacity
prone to ____________: muscle tone, alveoli, pneumonia
28. Premature infants have less: lung space
NUR 206
NUR 206/ NUR206 E XAM 2| QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS| GRADE A| (VERIFIED SOLUTIONS)
(2025/ 2026 UPDATE)
1. Normal respiratory rate: 12-20 breaths per minute
2. What increases respiration rate?: - more rapid in infants
- fever, exercise (increases metabolic rate and oxygen needs of body)
-respiratory disease, cardiac disease, anemia, high altitudes
- some medications (stimulants)
-pain
3. What decreases respiratory rate?: •Increased intracranial
pressure = head trauma
•Brain tumors on the parts of the brain that control breathing
•Some medications= in particular opiods
•Sleeping, rest
4. apnea: periods of not breathing
5. dyspnea: difficult or labored breathing
NUR 206
,6. orthopnea: having to sit up to breath well, usually in cardiac or
respiratory disease
7. hyperventilation: over-ventilating, too much CO2 removed, not
enough O2 in
8. hypoventilation: under-ventilating - too little O2 in, retain too much
CO2
9. Stridor: harsh high-pitched sound at inspiration, from blockages to
airway
(blockage in upper airway)
10. Wheezes: a high-pitched squeak or musical sound, from narrowed
airway
11. Crackles: (rales) crackly sounds or air through liquid/secretions;
alveoli popping
open
12. Ronchi: (Gurgles) Course wheezing or air through mucous/liquid
13. Airway Obstruction: •Partial indicated by low-pitched snoring
during inhalation
, 3
NUR 206
•Complete indicated by extreme inspiratory effort with no chest
movement
14. Patterns of breathing: tachypnea, eupnea, bradypnea, Cheyne-
Stokes, Kussmaul's respirations
15. eupnea: normal breathing
16. Tachypnea: rapid breathing, >24/minute (adult)
17. bradypnea: slowed breathing, <12/minute
18. Cheyne-Stokes: deep then shallow respirations followed by apnea,
irregular
19. . Kussmaul's respirations: periods of apnea with periods of deep,
rapid respirations (metabolic acidosis)
20. Hypoxia: low oxygen in tissue cells in the body
•Can be chronic or acute
21. What are symptoms of hypoxia?: •Confusion, headache,
enlarged heart,
•Anorexia, weakness, muscle pain
•Decreased urine output, dyspnea
NUR 206
, •Elevated BP, pulse, and Respiratory rate
•Physical distress, orthopnea, pale
•Cyanosis= (peripheral) - extremities, (central) - lips, eyes, mucous
membranes -> usually more severe
•(in dark skin tones, cyanosis by appear white, not blue in the
conjunctiva/skin around the mouth)
•Anxiety
•Nasal flaring, retractions
•Clubbing of digits if long-term
•Barrel chest if long-term COPD
26. Infants have smaller, immature resp. tract & a
__________ resp. rate: higher
27. The elderly have less ___________________, including
diaphragm less elastic ___________, reduced lung capacity
prone to ____________: muscle tone, alveoli, pneumonia
28. Premature infants have less: lung space
