NRSG 1320 Exam 2 (Part 1) 2025
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
The complete set of an organism's DNA contains how many genes? - ✔✔30,000
The 23 pairs of chromosomes are made up of what two parts? - ✔✔22 homologous pairs
of chromosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes, either XX (female) or XY (male)
What is the Human Genome Project? - ✔✔A 13-year international, collaborative
research program (completed in 2003) providing valuable information about genetics.
Advances from this study provide better methods for
- preventing diseases and abnormalities
- diagnosing diseases
- predicting health risks
- personalizing treatment plans
What is the newborn screening test for inherited, treatable genetic diseases? - ✔✔PKU
or blood spot test
What are the two types of genes? - ✔✔Dominant
Recessive
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,Explain autosomal-recessive disorders. - ✔✔Present when both genes in a pair carry the
defect
Give four examples of autosomal-recessive disorders? - ✔✔- cystic fibrosis
- sickle cell anemia
- thalassemia
- Tay-Sachs disease
Explain autosomal-dominant disorders. - ✔✔Present when one or both genes in a pair
carry the defect
Give an example of an autosomal-dominant disorder. - ✔✔Huntington's disease
What are teratogens? - ✔✔Drugs, viruses, infections, or other exposures that have the
potential to cause an embryonic/fetal developmental abnormality
When is the fetus most vulnerable to teratogens? - ✔✔During the first 8 weeks of
gestation (organogenesis)
What teratogenic defects may occur during the first 8 weeks of gestation vs. the defects
that may occur after 13 weeks of gestation? - ✔✔Before the 8 week mark, teratogens can
cause structural defects. After the 13 week mark, teratogens can restrict growth of the
organs and the body as a whole.
What medications are teratogenic? - ✔✔- ACE inhibitors
- carbamazepine (anticonvulsant)
- cocaine
- warfarin
What infections/viruses are teratogenic? - ✔✔- toxoplasmosis (parasite)
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, - syphilis
- rubella
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes varicella (chicken pox)
How much alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy? - ✔✔None
What are characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome? - ✔✔- low birth weight
- microcephaly
- learning disabilities
- unusual facial features (due to midfacial hypoplasia)
- cardiac defects
What are the functions of ovaries? - ✔✔- produce ova
- secrete female sex hormones
Where does fertilization occur? - ✔✔Fallopian tubes
Where is the best location for implantation of the ovum? - ✔✔Superior, posterior wall of
the fundus
What are the functions of the muscular and mucosal layers in the fallopian tubes? -
✔✔Guide the ovum to the uterus through peristalsis (muscular) and cillia movement
(mucosal)
What are the functions of cervical mucus? - ✔✔- lubricates the vaginal canal
- forms a barrier to sperm penetration into the uterus during non-fertile periods
- provides a pathway to facilitate sperm passage into the vagina during fertile periods
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
The complete set of an organism's DNA contains how many genes? - ✔✔30,000
The 23 pairs of chromosomes are made up of what two parts? - ✔✔22 homologous pairs
of chromosomes
1 pair of sex chromosomes, either XX (female) or XY (male)
What is the Human Genome Project? - ✔✔A 13-year international, collaborative
research program (completed in 2003) providing valuable information about genetics.
Advances from this study provide better methods for
- preventing diseases and abnormalities
- diagnosing diseases
- predicting health risks
- personalizing treatment plans
What is the newborn screening test for inherited, treatable genetic diseases? - ✔✔PKU
or blood spot test
What are the two types of genes? - ✔✔Dominant
Recessive
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,Explain autosomal-recessive disorders. - ✔✔Present when both genes in a pair carry the
defect
Give four examples of autosomal-recessive disorders? - ✔✔- cystic fibrosis
- sickle cell anemia
- thalassemia
- Tay-Sachs disease
Explain autosomal-dominant disorders. - ✔✔Present when one or both genes in a pair
carry the defect
Give an example of an autosomal-dominant disorder. - ✔✔Huntington's disease
What are teratogens? - ✔✔Drugs, viruses, infections, or other exposures that have the
potential to cause an embryonic/fetal developmental abnormality
When is the fetus most vulnerable to teratogens? - ✔✔During the first 8 weeks of
gestation (organogenesis)
What teratogenic defects may occur during the first 8 weeks of gestation vs. the defects
that may occur after 13 weeks of gestation? - ✔✔Before the 8 week mark, teratogens can
cause structural defects. After the 13 week mark, teratogens can restrict growth of the
organs and the body as a whole.
What medications are teratogenic? - ✔✔- ACE inhibitors
- carbamazepine (anticonvulsant)
- cocaine
- warfarin
What infections/viruses are teratogenic? - ✔✔- toxoplasmosis (parasite)
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, - syphilis
- rubella
- cytomegalovirus
- herpes varicella (chicken pox)
How much alcohol is considered safe during pregnancy? - ✔✔None
What are characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome? - ✔✔- low birth weight
- microcephaly
- learning disabilities
- unusual facial features (due to midfacial hypoplasia)
- cardiac defects
What are the functions of ovaries? - ✔✔- produce ova
- secrete female sex hormones
Where does fertilization occur? - ✔✔Fallopian tubes
Where is the best location for implantation of the ovum? - ✔✔Superior, posterior wall of
the fundus
What are the functions of the muscular and mucosal layers in the fallopian tubes? -
✔✔Guide the ovum to the uterus through peristalsis (muscular) and cillia movement
(mucosal)
What are the functions of cervical mucus? - ✔✔- lubricates the vaginal canal
- forms a barrier to sperm penetration into the uterus during non-fertile periods
- provides a pathway to facilitate sperm passage into the vagina during fertile periods
COPYRIGHT © 2025 BY GRACE AMELIA, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
