Psychology - [ HEALTH
DEFINATION] EXAM
Health and Ill Health general definition - ANSWERS-complete physical, mental and social well-
being, not just the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOMEDICAL definition - ANSWERS-physical/biological factors, illness is a
physical disease and health is the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL definition - ANSWERS-interaction of biological,
psychological and social factors to enhance health and prevent disease
Health as a Continuum - ANSWERS-health/ill health are two extremes with many in-between
states
Stress - ANSWERS-emotional response to situations of threat
Physical stressors - ANSWERS-temperature, noise
Psychological stressors - ANSWERS-life events, daily hassles
Physiological Stress Response - ANSWERS-bodily symptoms; increased heart rate, sick, sweating
,Psychological Stress Response - ANSWERS-the emotion you feel when a stressor occurs
Perceived Ability to Cope - ANSWERS-people react different to the same stressors due to
perception of our internal and external coping resources
Addiction - ANSWERS-complex mental health disorder, pleasurable despite harmful
consequences
Physiological addiction - ANSWERS-physical effects; withdrawal and tolerance
Griffiths 6 Components of Addiction - ANSWERS-1. Salience (physical and psychological
dependence)
2. Tolerence
3. Withdrawal
4. Relapse
5. Conflict
6. Mood alteration
HBM - ANSWERS-explains why people engage/don't in healthy behaviour
1. perceived seriousness
2. perceived susceptibility
3. cost-benefit analysis
4. modifying factors (demographics variables, self efficacy etc)
HBM Evaluation - ANSWERS-+ practical application, bowel/colon cancer
+ strong credibility, works irl
, - not a single model
- assumes we are rational
HBM studies - ANSWERS-Becker and Carpenter
LOC - ANSWERS-internal: events under own control, take blame
external: outside own control, blame others
LOC evaluation - ANSWERS-+Research, externals vulnerable to risks factors (AVTGIS)
+Practical Application, internal protects against stress (GALE)
-Limited role in health related behaviours, only current relevance
-Complex, internals can be stressed by unavoidable events (KRAUSE)
LOC 3 studies - ANSWERS-Rotter (review into internal/external)
Abouserie (gender differences, Loc and self esteem link in students)
Krause (older adults w extreme internal/external=more stressful life events)
TPB - ANSWERS-explain how people control voluntary behaviour
1. personal attitude (favourable/not for own behaviour)
2. subjective norms (being approved/disproved)
3. PBC (how much we believe we can control it)
TPB Evaluation - ANSWERS-+Research, attitudes, norms and PBC influenced intentions thus
alcohol consumption (HAGGER)
-Not full explanation, gambling behaviour of teens can't be explained by any (MILLER N
HOWELL)
-ST vs LT, intention can't predict LT so not applicable to real life (McEACHAN)
DEFINATION] EXAM
Health and Ill Health general definition - ANSWERS-complete physical, mental and social well-
being, not just the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOMEDICAL definition - ANSWERS-physical/biological factors, illness is a
physical disease and health is the absence of disease
Health and Ill Health BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL definition - ANSWERS-interaction of biological,
psychological and social factors to enhance health and prevent disease
Health as a Continuum - ANSWERS-health/ill health are two extremes with many in-between
states
Stress - ANSWERS-emotional response to situations of threat
Physical stressors - ANSWERS-temperature, noise
Psychological stressors - ANSWERS-life events, daily hassles
Physiological Stress Response - ANSWERS-bodily symptoms; increased heart rate, sick, sweating
,Psychological Stress Response - ANSWERS-the emotion you feel when a stressor occurs
Perceived Ability to Cope - ANSWERS-people react different to the same stressors due to
perception of our internal and external coping resources
Addiction - ANSWERS-complex mental health disorder, pleasurable despite harmful
consequences
Physiological addiction - ANSWERS-physical effects; withdrawal and tolerance
Griffiths 6 Components of Addiction - ANSWERS-1. Salience (physical and psychological
dependence)
2. Tolerence
3. Withdrawal
4. Relapse
5. Conflict
6. Mood alteration
HBM - ANSWERS-explains why people engage/don't in healthy behaviour
1. perceived seriousness
2. perceived susceptibility
3. cost-benefit analysis
4. modifying factors (demographics variables, self efficacy etc)
HBM Evaluation - ANSWERS-+ practical application, bowel/colon cancer
+ strong credibility, works irl
, - not a single model
- assumes we are rational
HBM studies - ANSWERS-Becker and Carpenter
LOC - ANSWERS-internal: events under own control, take blame
external: outside own control, blame others
LOC evaluation - ANSWERS-+Research, externals vulnerable to risks factors (AVTGIS)
+Practical Application, internal protects against stress (GALE)
-Limited role in health related behaviours, only current relevance
-Complex, internals can be stressed by unavoidable events (KRAUSE)
LOC 3 studies - ANSWERS-Rotter (review into internal/external)
Abouserie (gender differences, Loc and self esteem link in students)
Krause (older adults w extreme internal/external=more stressful life events)
TPB - ANSWERS-explain how people control voluntary behaviour
1. personal attitude (favourable/not for own behaviour)
2. subjective norms (being approved/disproved)
3. PBC (how much we believe we can control it)
TPB Evaluation - ANSWERS-+Research, attitudes, norms and PBC influenced intentions thus
alcohol consumption (HAGGER)
-Not full explanation, gambling behaviour of teens can't be explained by any (MILLER N
HOWELL)
-ST vs LT, intention can't predict LT so not applicable to real life (McEACHAN)
