BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1-4 1ST EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Inductive reasoning - ANSWER-INDUCTION
making a general conclusion based on specific observations
Deductive reasoning - ANSWER-DEDUCTION
making a specific conclusion (prediction) based on a general observation
"IF this THAN that"
Independant variable - ANSWER-the factor that is varied in the experiment
(you test or change) ONLY 1
Dependent variable - ANSWER-the factor that is measured
(in response of what you are testing)
Control Variables - ANSWER-the variables you keep the same in an experiment
(keep constant)
Control group - ANSWER-a group in an experiment that receives no experimental
treatment
Difference between Theory (not a law) and Hypothesis - ANSWER-1. Hypothesis is
very narrow in scope and it answers one question
2. Scientific theory inter-connects many tested and accepted hypotheses (broad
concept thats supported by many hyposthsis)
A Law - ANSWER-describes what nature does under certain conditions and predicts
what will happen as long as those conditions are meet (not a theory)
Mater - ANSWER-includes pure substances and mixtures
Pure substances - ANSWER-included:
Compounds (water, salt, sugar)
Elements (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon)
Mixtures - ANSWER-included
Homogeneous - uniform stucture (ex. salt water, bread, jello)
Heterogeneous - can see the different substances (ex. chocolate chip ice cream,
pizza)
Atom - ANSWER-- basic chemical unit
- consist of: a.nucleus- inside = (protons+) and (neutrons 0) b. electrons (-) = rotate
around nucleus
Isotopes - ANSWER-same number of protons and electrons but different number of
neutrons
EX. carbon-12 6p 6n 6e
, carbon-13 6p 7n 6e
carbon-14 6p 8n 6e
95% pf living material consits of 4 atoms - ANSWER-1. carbon
2. oxygen
3. hydrogen
4. nitrogen
Element - ANSWER-can not be broken down
Living things reproduce - ANSWER--organisms have the potential to leave -offspring
-offspring have characteristics of parents
-DNA [ased from one generation to the next
Adaptations - ANSWER-traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their
environment
Spontaneous Generation - ANSWER-living organisms arise from non-living material
Biogenesis - ANSWER-life originates from pre-existing life
Natural selection - ANSWER--editing mechanism
-evolution of new species adapted to particualar environments
Taxonomy - ANSWER-names species and classifies them into system of broader
groups
Science - ANSWER-an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural
world
-see something happen
-want to make something happen
*answers WHY? HOW? WHAT?
(concludes and never proves)
Scientific claims - ANSWER-based on testing explanations against observations of
the natural world
Tentative - ANSWER-not certian or fixed
Discovery science - ANSWER-1. observing
2. Recording of data
3. analysis of data
4. inductive reasoning to arrive to a logical conclusion
Hypothesis-driven science - ANSWER-1. Encountering a specific problem
2. formulating a question based of pre-exsisting knowledge
3. proposing a hypothesis
4. making a prediction
5. controlled experiment
6. collecting data
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Inductive reasoning - ANSWER-INDUCTION
making a general conclusion based on specific observations
Deductive reasoning - ANSWER-DEDUCTION
making a specific conclusion (prediction) based on a general observation
"IF this THAN that"
Independant variable - ANSWER-the factor that is varied in the experiment
(you test or change) ONLY 1
Dependent variable - ANSWER-the factor that is measured
(in response of what you are testing)
Control Variables - ANSWER-the variables you keep the same in an experiment
(keep constant)
Control group - ANSWER-a group in an experiment that receives no experimental
treatment
Difference between Theory (not a law) and Hypothesis - ANSWER-1. Hypothesis is
very narrow in scope and it answers one question
2. Scientific theory inter-connects many tested and accepted hypotheses (broad
concept thats supported by many hyposthsis)
A Law - ANSWER-describes what nature does under certain conditions and predicts
what will happen as long as those conditions are meet (not a theory)
Mater - ANSWER-includes pure substances and mixtures
Pure substances - ANSWER-included:
Compounds (water, salt, sugar)
Elements (hydrogen, oxygen, carbon)
Mixtures - ANSWER-included
Homogeneous - uniform stucture (ex. salt water, bread, jello)
Heterogeneous - can see the different substances (ex. chocolate chip ice cream,
pizza)
Atom - ANSWER-- basic chemical unit
- consist of: a.nucleus- inside = (protons+) and (neutrons 0) b. electrons (-) = rotate
around nucleus
Isotopes - ANSWER-same number of protons and electrons but different number of
neutrons
EX. carbon-12 6p 6n 6e
, carbon-13 6p 7n 6e
carbon-14 6p 8n 6e
95% pf living material consits of 4 atoms - ANSWER-1. carbon
2. oxygen
3. hydrogen
4. nitrogen
Element - ANSWER-can not be broken down
Living things reproduce - ANSWER--organisms have the potential to leave -offspring
-offspring have characteristics of parents
-DNA [ased from one generation to the next
Adaptations - ANSWER-traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their
environment
Spontaneous Generation - ANSWER-living organisms arise from non-living material
Biogenesis - ANSWER-life originates from pre-existing life
Natural selection - ANSWER--editing mechanism
-evolution of new species adapted to particualar environments
Taxonomy - ANSWER-names species and classifies them into system of broader
groups
Science - ANSWER-an organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural
world
-see something happen
-want to make something happen
*answers WHY? HOW? WHAT?
(concludes and never proves)
Scientific claims - ANSWER-based on testing explanations against observations of
the natural world
Tentative - ANSWER-not certian or fixed
Discovery science - ANSWER-1. observing
2. Recording of data
3. analysis of data
4. inductive reasoning to arrive to a logical conclusion
Hypothesis-driven science - ANSWER-1. Encountering a specific problem
2. formulating a question based of pre-exsisting knowledge
3. proposing a hypothesis
4. making a prediction
5. controlled experiment
6. collecting data
