UTA Advanced Pharmacology Antimicrobials Exam Review

UTA Advanced Pharmacology Antimicrobials
Exam Review

1. Beta Lactam Antibiotics: - Penicillins (Amoxicillin, ampicillin,
penicillin G)
- Cephalosporins (Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Cefaclor)
- Monobactams (Aztreonam)
- Carbapenems (Imipenem)
2. Penicillins: - Penicillin G, Penicillin V = Narrow spectrum,
penicillinase sensitive
- Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin, Nafcillin (DON) = Narrow spectrum,
penicillinase resistant
- Amoxicillin, Ampicillin = Broad spectrum
- Piperacillin = Extended spectrum
3. Penicillin MoA: Disruption of bacterial cell wall synthesis,
weakening of cell wall, excessive uptake of water, cell wall rupture
4. Penicillin Antibacterial Spectrum: - Active against most gram
+ bacteria: S. au- reus, E. coli, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, N.
gonorrhoeae, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Streptococcus
- Inactive against most gram - bacteria
5. Penicillin Dosing: Narrow-Spectrum (PS): - Penicillin G: 4-24
million units IM/IV

, divided Q4H (adult)
- Penicillin V: 0.5-2 g PO divided Q4-6H (adult)
6. Penicillin Dosing: Narrow Spectrum (PR): - Nafcillin: 2-12 g
IV divided Q4-6H (adult)
- Oxacillin: 1-12 g IV divided Q4-6H (adult)
- Dicloxacillin: 0.5-4 g PO divided Q6H (adult)
7. Penicillin Dosing: Broad Spectrum: - Ampicillin: 2-4 g PO
divided Q6-8H (adult)
4-12 g IV divided Q6-8H (adult)
- Ampicillin/sulbactam: 4-8 g IV divided Q6H (adult)
- Amoxicillin: 750-1750 mg PO divided Q8H (adult)
- Amoxicillin, ER: 775 mg PO Q24H (adult/child)
- Amox/clav: 250-1750 mg PO divided Q8-12H (adult)
8. Penicillin Dosing: Extended Spectrum: -
Piperacillin/tazobactam: 12-18 g IV
divided Q4-6H (adult)
9. Cephalosporins: - 1st generation: Cefadroxil, Cefazolin,
Cephalexin
- 2nd generation: Cefaclor, Cefotetan, Cefoxitin, Cefprozil,
Cefuroxime
- 3rd generation: Cefdinir, Cefixime, Ceftazidime, Ceftibuten,
Ceftriaxone
- 4th generation: Cefepime, Ceftolozane