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Pharmaceutics Exam 3 (140 questions) with verified answers

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Pharmaceutics Exam 3 (140 questions) with verified answers

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Pharmaceutics Exam 3 (140
questions) with verified
answers

Enteral vs parenteral drug administration - correct answer ✔enteral: by mouth (p.o.)
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parenteral: IV, IM, subq, topical, otic, nasal (everything other than enteral)
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What are 2 examples of drug administration that will deliver 100% of the drug? - correct answer
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✔intravascular (IV) or intra-arterial (I.A.) |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




What are some examples of extravascular drug administration ? - correct answer ✔oral, IM, subq,
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transdermal, otic ||||||




-drug is not 100% available
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The absorption process depends on what 3 things? - correct answer ✔1. drug disintegration
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2. dissolving in body fluids
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3. diffusing across the biologic membrane of the gut wall into the systemic circulation
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The systemic uptake of a drug from the GI tract is dependent on several factors including - correct
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answer ✔1. physicochemical properties of the drug (MW, solubility, pKa)
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2. dosage form used
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3. anatomy and physiology of the gut
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Factors such as ________ also affect the rate and extent of drug absorption into the blood - correct
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answer ✔1. surface area of the GI tract
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,2. stomach-emptying rate
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3. GI mobility
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4. blood flow to the absorption site
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The difference in drug absorption rates affects the _____ of a drug. - correct answer ✔therapeutic
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effects



Assuming that concentration correlates with effect, if one drug is absorbed at a faster rate than the
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other, the first drug produces a higher ____. This would in turn lead to a faster effect of the first
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drug compared to the second. - correct answer ✔peak concentration, Cmax
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What is the definition of distribution? - correct answer ✔Once a drug is absorbed, it undergoes
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various transport processes, which deliver it to areas away from the absorption site
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What is the medium which distributes the drug from absorption site to its action site? - correct
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answer ✔Blood ||||||




What factors affect drug distribution? - correct answer ✔1. different characteristics of body tissues
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2. disease states that alter physiology
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3. lipid solubility of the drug
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4. regional differences in physiologic pH
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5. extent of protein binding of the drug
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LERDD



Which tissues are highly perfused with blood? Poorly perfused? - correct answer ✔highly perfused:
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heart, liver, lungs and kidneys |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




poorly perfused: fat tissue, brain, bone and skeletal muscle
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In general, drugs distribute more rapidly to organs with __ blood flow - correct answer ✔higher
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, If the total cardiac output in an individual decreases, what happens to drug distribution? - correct
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answer ✔drugs are not rapidly distributed to other organs of the body |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




A drug that is __, easily penetrates most membranes, and distributes extensively to fat tissues.
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Drugs that are polar and hydrophilic do not distribute well into fat tissues. - correct answer ✔highly
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lipid soluble (more in unionized form)
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A drug that is predominantly in its __ state at physiologic pH doesn't readily cross membranes and
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has limited distribution into tissues. Example? - correct answer ✔ionized
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example: excretion of drugs in breast milk |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Due to the nature of biologic membranes, drugs that are __ and have __ properties are more likely
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to cross most membrane barriers - correct answer ✔unionized (uncharged); lipophilic (fat soluble)
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What are the 3 common proteins found in plasma? - correct answer ✔albumin, α-acid glycoprotein,
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and lipoprotein
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Theoretically, a drug that is bound to __ doesn't pass through biological membranes in the bound |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




form - correct answer ✔plasma proteins |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




Because drug-protein binding is usually rapidly __, some portion of the drug is always available in
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the free form for distribution - correct answer ✔reversible
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Most drugs are acted upon by enzymes in the liver and converted to metabolic (therapeutically
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inactive) products called __. The process is called __. - correct answer ✔metabolites; metabolism
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(bio-transformation)



__ drugs undergo metabolism to a larger extent.
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__ drugs undergo excretion. - correct answer ✔Lipophilic; hydrophilic
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Oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis comprise which phase of metabolism? - correct answer |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| |||||| ||||||




✔Phase I ||||||

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