MULTIDIMENSIONAL CARE 2 EXAM
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
cellular regulation ( Correct answers ) The process of controlling growth,
replication, and differentation to maintain homeostasis
Mitosis ( Correct answers ) A cell diving into 2
Neoplasia ( Correct answers ) New or continued cell growth that is NOT
needed for normal growth, development, or replacement.
(Unnecessary/abnormal growth)
Specific morphology ( Correct answers ) The distinct and recognizable
appearance, size, and shape of a cell
Small/ large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio ( Correct answers ) The size of the
nucleus in a cell compared to the size of the cell. (Small nuclear-to-
cytoplasmic would mean the nucleus occupies a small amount of space
inside the cell)
Differentiated function ( Correct answers ) Every normal cell has has
atleast one function it performs to contribute to the whole bodys function.
(Skin cells make keratin, liver cells make bile, etc.)
Tight adherence ( Correct answers ) Occurs when cells make protiens that
protrude from the membrane, which allows cells to bind closely and
tightly together. One such protien is fibronectin
nonmigratory ( Correct answers ) Means the cells do not wander
throughout the body. This occurs when cells have a tight adherence which
prevents cells from being able to move around.
orderly and well regulated growth ( Correct answers ) It means cells go
through mitosis to 1. Develop normal tissue, and 2. Replace lost or damaged
tissues (mitosis can only happen when conditions in the body are just right)
contact inhibition ( Correct answers ) Cellular regulation that stops further
cell division when a cell is completely surrounded and touching other cells
Apoptosis ( Correct answers ) Programmed cell death. Some cells need
to die to maintain body functions
Ploidy ( Correct answers ) Classifies the number and structure of tumor
chromosomes as normal or abnormal
, Euploidy ( Correct answers ) Having a normal and complete set of
chromosomes (23 pairs)
Aneuploidy ( Correct answers ) When cancer cells gain or lose whole
chromosomes and may have structure abnormalities of the remaining
chromosomes
Benign tumor cells ( Correct answers ) normal cells growing in the wrong
place or at the wrong time as a result of a problem in cellular regulation
BENIGN tumor cell characteristics ( Correct answers ) They have a specific
morphology, a smaller nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, differentiated funtions
continue to be performed but in an incorrect place, tight adherence because
they produce fibronectin meaning they do not migrate, growth patterns are
abnormal, euploidy (normal chromosomes)
MALIGNANT tumor cell characteristics ( Correct answers ) Anaplasia, a
large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, specific funtions are lost partially or
completely, loose adherence because they do not typically make
fibronectin which means they migrate, aneuploidy (abnormal
chromosomes)
anaplasia ( Correct answers ) A loss of specific appearance (maligment
cancer cells become smaller and rounded)
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis ( Correct answers ) Cancer development
malignant transformation ( Correct answers ) the process of changing a
normal cell into a cancer cell
Carcinogen ( Correct answers ) Substances that change the activity of a
cells genes so the cell becomes a cancer cell
Latency period of cells ( Correct answers ) The time between a cells
initiation and the development of a tumor. Exposure promoters can shorten
this period
The original or first tumor is called the ( Correct answers ) Primary
tumor Additional tumors are called ( Correct answers ) Matastatic or
secondary tumors
4 Steps of metastasis ( Correct answers ) Malignant
transformation, tumor vascularization, blood vessel penetration,
and arrest and invasion.
What is malignant transformation? ( Correct answers ) 1st step: normal cells
have undergone malignant transformation and have divided enough times to
form a tumerous area.
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025
cellular regulation ( Correct answers ) The process of controlling growth,
replication, and differentation to maintain homeostasis
Mitosis ( Correct answers ) A cell diving into 2
Neoplasia ( Correct answers ) New or continued cell growth that is NOT
needed for normal growth, development, or replacement.
(Unnecessary/abnormal growth)
Specific morphology ( Correct answers ) The distinct and recognizable
appearance, size, and shape of a cell
Small/ large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio ( Correct answers ) The size of the
nucleus in a cell compared to the size of the cell. (Small nuclear-to-
cytoplasmic would mean the nucleus occupies a small amount of space
inside the cell)
Differentiated function ( Correct answers ) Every normal cell has has
atleast one function it performs to contribute to the whole bodys function.
(Skin cells make keratin, liver cells make bile, etc.)
Tight adherence ( Correct answers ) Occurs when cells make protiens that
protrude from the membrane, which allows cells to bind closely and
tightly together. One such protien is fibronectin
nonmigratory ( Correct answers ) Means the cells do not wander
throughout the body. This occurs when cells have a tight adherence which
prevents cells from being able to move around.
orderly and well regulated growth ( Correct answers ) It means cells go
through mitosis to 1. Develop normal tissue, and 2. Replace lost or damaged
tissues (mitosis can only happen when conditions in the body are just right)
contact inhibition ( Correct answers ) Cellular regulation that stops further
cell division when a cell is completely surrounded and touching other cells
Apoptosis ( Correct answers ) Programmed cell death. Some cells need
to die to maintain body functions
Ploidy ( Correct answers ) Classifies the number and structure of tumor
chromosomes as normal or abnormal
, Euploidy ( Correct answers ) Having a normal and complete set of
chromosomes (23 pairs)
Aneuploidy ( Correct answers ) When cancer cells gain or lose whole
chromosomes and may have structure abnormalities of the remaining
chromosomes
Benign tumor cells ( Correct answers ) normal cells growing in the wrong
place or at the wrong time as a result of a problem in cellular regulation
BENIGN tumor cell characteristics ( Correct answers ) They have a specific
morphology, a smaller nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, differentiated funtions
continue to be performed but in an incorrect place, tight adherence because
they produce fibronectin meaning they do not migrate, growth patterns are
abnormal, euploidy (normal chromosomes)
MALIGNANT tumor cell characteristics ( Correct answers ) Anaplasia, a
large nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, specific funtions are lost partially or
completely, loose adherence because they do not typically make
fibronectin which means they migrate, aneuploidy (abnormal
chromosomes)
anaplasia ( Correct answers ) A loss of specific appearance (maligment
cancer cells become smaller and rounded)
Carcinogenesis or oncogenesis ( Correct answers ) Cancer development
malignant transformation ( Correct answers ) the process of changing a
normal cell into a cancer cell
Carcinogen ( Correct answers ) Substances that change the activity of a
cells genes so the cell becomes a cancer cell
Latency period of cells ( Correct answers ) The time between a cells
initiation and the development of a tumor. Exposure promoters can shorten
this period
The original or first tumor is called the ( Correct answers ) Primary
tumor Additional tumors are called ( Correct answers ) Matastatic or
secondary tumors
4 Steps of metastasis ( Correct answers ) Malignant
transformation, tumor vascularization, blood vessel penetration,
and arrest and invasion.
What is malignant transformation? ( Correct answers ) 1st step: normal cells
have undergone malignant transformation and have divided enough times to
form a tumerous area.
