Nr 565 Midterm Exam 2025-2026 | Advanced
Pharmacology | All Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers, Exams Of Pharmacology
Which schedule drugs can APRNs prescribe? - ANSWER -Varies state
by state
,May include schedule II-V, but never schedule I
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - ANSWER -The
state's health professional board
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the
healthcare system? - ANSWER -Creates numerous barriers to quality,
affordable, and accessible patient care
May prevent outreach to areas of greatest need
Physician approval of prescriptions can increase patient waits
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - ANSWER -A sound
understanding of drugs and the conditions that they are used to manage
Be deliberate in decision-making process
Do not prescribe for family or friends
Document thorough history and physical for the records, including
education provided on drug
Have a documented plan for monitoring and titration
What should be used in making prescribing decisions? - ANSWER -
Cost, follow current guidelines, availability, interactions, side effects,
allergies, hepatic/renal function, need for monitoring, special
populations
PK and PD changes in older adults and how that affects how you
prescribe? - ANSWER -Very high risk of adverse drug reactions and
drug-drug interactions
D/t altered PK, multiple and severe illnesses, polypharmacy, poor
adherence
Beer's Criteria - ANSWER -List of potentially inappropriate medications
to use in the older populations
Updated annually
Prescribers ultimately decide whether to prescribe or not
, Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy? - ANSWER -Increased ADRs and
drug-drug interactions
What are CYP450? - ANSWER -Enzymes responsible for drug
metabolism (biotransformation)-oxidization, reduction, hydrolyzed to
promote renal dug excretion
Hepatic enzyme system, composed of 12 enzyme families
What do CYP450 enzymes do? - ANSWER -Promote drug excretion by
making them more "excretable"--hydrophilic/water soluble and charged
(ion)
Inactivate drugs, increase therapeutic action through metabolism,
activate a prodrug, decrease drug toxicity
CYP450 inhibitor examples? - ANSWER -VISA credit card debt
inhibits spending on designers like CK to look GQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconzaole
Grapefruit juice
Quinidine
What do CYP450 inhibitors do? - ANSWER -Decrease the rate of
metabolism
Act on liver through process of inhibition
Slows rate of metabolism, increases active drug accumulation which can
lead to adverse reactions and drug toxicity
What do CYP450 inhibitors do if not used correctly? - ANSWER -Can
lead to adverse effects and drug toxicity
Pharmacology | All Questions And Correct
Detailed Answers, Exams Of Pharmacology
Which schedule drugs can APRNs prescribe? - ANSWER -Varies state
by state
,May include schedule II-V, but never schedule I
Who determines and regulates prescriptive authority? - ANSWER -The
state's health professional board
How does limited prescriptive authority impact patients within the
healthcare system? - ANSWER -Creates numerous barriers to quality,
affordable, and accessible patient care
May prevent outreach to areas of greatest need
Physician approval of prescriptions can increase patient waits
What are the key responsibilities of prescribing? - ANSWER -A sound
understanding of drugs and the conditions that they are used to manage
Be deliberate in decision-making process
Do not prescribe for family or friends
Document thorough history and physical for the records, including
education provided on drug
Have a documented plan for monitoring and titration
What should be used in making prescribing decisions? - ANSWER -
Cost, follow current guidelines, availability, interactions, side effects,
allergies, hepatic/renal function, need for monitoring, special
populations
PK and PD changes in older adults and how that affects how you
prescribe? - ANSWER -Very high risk of adverse drug reactions and
drug-drug interactions
D/t altered PK, multiple and severe illnesses, polypharmacy, poor
adherence
Beer's Criteria - ANSWER -List of potentially inappropriate medications
to use in the older populations
Updated annually
Prescribers ultimately decide whether to prescribe or not
, Impacts/outcomes of polypharmacy? - ANSWER -Increased ADRs and
drug-drug interactions
What are CYP450? - ANSWER -Enzymes responsible for drug
metabolism (biotransformation)-oxidization, reduction, hydrolyzed to
promote renal dug excretion
Hepatic enzyme system, composed of 12 enzyme families
What do CYP450 enzymes do? - ANSWER -Promote drug excretion by
making them more "excretable"--hydrophilic/water soluble and charged
(ion)
Inactivate drugs, increase therapeutic action through metabolism,
activate a prodrug, decrease drug toxicity
CYP450 inhibitor examples? - ANSWER -VISA credit card debt
inhibits spending on designers like CK to look GQ
Valproate
Isoniazid
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone
Chloramphenicol
Ketoconzaole
Grapefruit juice
Quinidine
What do CYP450 inhibitors do? - ANSWER -Decrease the rate of
metabolism
Act on liver through process of inhibition
Slows rate of metabolism, increases active drug accumulation which can
lead to adverse reactions and drug toxicity
What do CYP450 inhibitors do if not used correctly? - ANSWER -Can
lead to adverse effects and drug toxicity
